Thiophene-based organic materials for photovoltaics Francesca Di Maria & Sara Righi
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1 Coffee talk 2013 Thiophene-based organic materials for photovoltaics Francesca Di Maria & ara Righi
2 Coffee talk 2013 Thiophene-based organic materials for photovoltaics Part I Francesca Di Maria
3 Thiophene-based fluorescent and conductive microfibers Biological applications Living mouse embrionic fibroblast cells J. Am. Chem. oc., 2011, 133, upramolecular chemistry Organic electronics. Intra- and intermolecular non bonding interactions J. Am. Chem. oc., 2011, 133, J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22,
4 Optimized synthesis of thiophene based materials A.uzuki at CNR-IOF uzuki Day R-X + R M Pd (0) R-R X= I, Br, Cl M= uzuki catalized Cross coupling Green Chem., 2008, 10, 517
5 ulfur overrich oligothiophenes for photovoltaics NB U MW T8 OCH 3 T16 O PCBM High solubility Monodisperse Reproducible properties P3HT/PCBM T16/PCBM LiF/Al T16:PCBM PEDOT:P ITO Blend PCE (%) T Macromolecules, 2012, 45,
6 Tuning of the electronic properties T16 Pd MW NB U T16 T10 T11 T10 T11 Eox Ered E el g T T T E (V vs CE), Eg (ev)
7 Tuning of blend morphology Increasing the size up to the polymer n Changing the alkyl subtituent
8 Increasing the size Pd MW n uzuki reaction T11 Polymer Mw (gmol -1 ) Mn (gmol -1 ) PDI Good Polydispersity High Mw Red shift absorption Better blend morphology E ox E red E g el T Polymer E (V vs CE), E g (ev) E (ev) ITO -3 PEDOT: P P3HT T T Polymer PCBM -6.1 Al
9 Conclusion The newly synthesized materials display: high solubility processability tunable optical and electronic properties via molecula engeneering morphology still to be optimized for PVD unfit morphology has many negative effects on device performance How to obtain the right blend morphology? On the basis of recent literature data, using different protocols from those generally employed for P3HT C.J. Brabec et al. olarenergymaterials&olarcells 2012, 100, DeterminationoftheP3HT:PCBMsolubilityparametersviaabinarysolvent gradientmethod: Impact of solubility on the photovoltaic performance
10 Coffee talk 2013 Thiophene-based organic materials for photovoltaics Part II ara Righi
11 My background and expertise 2009 Master Degree in Photochemistry and Materials Chemistry at the University of Bologna Apr Aug.2010 cholarships at University of Bologna METEC Department: "Innovative Platinum-free catalysts for fuel cells with proton exchange membranes (PEMFCs) for sustainable transport From Jan PhD student at the University of Bologna ep Aug.2011 cholarships at IOF : Characterization of transport properties and optical properties of organic semiconductor materials. (Contract CNR-ENI n ) From ep.2011 Project contract at MIT E-R LABORATORY: tudy of bulk-heterojunction solar cells and their transport properties. Expertise characterization of charge transport of organic conjugated materials preparation and investigation of organic solar cells
12 Ambipolar charge transport in an anthracene-based conjugated polymer OC 8 H 17 OC 8 H 17 OC 8 H 17 C 8 H 17 O C 8 H 17 O C 8 H 17 O n AnE-PVstat (octyl and 2-ethylhexyl side-chains randomly distributed) Dr. D.A.M. Egbe and coworkers Linz Institute for Organic olar Cells University of Linz electric-field (V cm -1 ) 1/2 Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, 101, pp
13 Effect of a moderate variation of macromolecular parameters M n (g mol -1 ) M w (g mol -1 ) PDI J sc (ma cm -2 ) V oc (V) FF PCE (%) AnE-PVstat-a OC 8 H 17 OC 8 H 17 OC 8 H 17 AnE-PVstat-b C 8 H 17 O C 8 H 17 O C 8 H 17 O n AnE-PVstat-c AnE-PVstat µ h (cm 2 V -1 s -1 ) 6x10-4 4x10-4 2x10-4 AnE-PVstat-a AnE-PVstat-b AnE-PVstat-c Fill factor µ h (10-4 cm 2 V -1 s -1 ) x electric-field 1/2 (V cm -1 ) 1/2 AnE-PVstat-a AnE-PVstat-b AnE-PVstat-c Polymer sample RC Advances, 2013, 3, pp LiF/Al AnE-PV stat:pcbm PEDOT:P ITO
14 Effect of side-chains on charge transport properties 10-3 µ h (cm 2 V -1 s -1 ) AnE-PV-ab AnE-PV-ae AnE-PV-bb AnE-PV-stat AnE-PV-stat4 AnE-PV-stat5 R 2 O OR 1 OR 2 R 1 O R 4 O Polymer Random ide-chains AnE-PV-ab AnE-PV-ae R1, R2: octyl; R3, R4: 2-ethylhexyl R1, R2: octyl; R3, R4: dodecyl OR 3 n 10-6 AnE-PV-bb R1 R4: 2-ethylhexyl AnE-PVstat x R1 R4: octyl or 2-ethylhexyl AnE-PVstat-4 x R1, R3: octyl or 2-ethylhexyl; R2, R4: octyl or methyl µ e (cm 2 V -1 s -1 ) AnE-PV-ab AnE-PV-ae AnE-PV-bb AnE-PV-stat AnE-PV-stat4 AnE-PV-stat5 AnE-PVstat-5 x R1, R3: octyl or 2-ethylhexyl; R2, R4: octyl Dr. D.A.M. Egbe and coworkers AnE-PV-stat AnE-PV-stat electric-field 1/2 (V cm -1 ) 1/2 F. Tinti, F.K.abir, M.Gazzano,.Righi, T. Yohannes, D.A.M. Egbe, N. Camaioni, submitted
15 olar cells: electron-donors and electron-acceptors BLEND D:A (w/w) J sc (ma cm -2 ) V oc (V) FF PCE (%) T8:PC 70 BM 1: T8-Di-hex:PC 70 BM 1: T10:PC 60 BM 1: T11:PC 60 BM 1: CO 2 CH 3 : hexyl linear chains CO 2 CH 3 : hexyl linear chains Dr. Francesca Di Maria MIT-ER
16 The crucial role of morphology - D + A 100 µm The segregation between the donor and the acceptor phase must be of the order of the exciton diffusion lenght (tenths of nm) for efficient charge generation The blend morphology has to provide percoltive donor and acceptor phases for the efficient transport of charge carriers to their respective electrodes µm µm
17 Geminate recombination Geminate recombination rate(%) T8:PC 70 BM T8-Di-:PC 70 BM 1:2 1:3 1:4 donor:acceptor ratio (w/w)
18 Bimolecular recombination Langevin-type bimolecular recombination Photocurrent (A) 4.0x x Laser pulse intensity x x10-4 Time (s) Large loss due to bimolecular recombination µ µ h e = = cm cm 2 2 V V 1 1 s s 1 1 Low charge carrier mobility?
19 Charge trapping effects T8:PC 70 BM (1:4 w/w) T8-Di-:PC 70 BM (1:4 w/w) 0.9 T8:PC 70 BM (1:4 w/w) T8-Di-:PC 70 BM (1:4 w/w) - Im Z (Ω) V OC (V) slope >V T with V T ~ V Re Z (Ω) light-intensity (W cm -2 )
20 Concluding remarks Improper blend morphology for oligothiophene:fullerene blends Lack of suitable pathways for charge transport (low mobility) Isolated domains in the donor and/or acceptor phase Geminate recombination Bimolecular recombination Charge trapping Moderate performance of related solar cells
21 Acknowledgements N. Camaioni, F. Tinti, M. Gazzano, A. Zanelli, A. Degli Esposti G. Barbarella, LAB 506 D.A.M. Egbe and coworkers V. Cimrova and coworkers T. Yohannes and coworkers R. Po and coworkers Thanks by Francesca & ara
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