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1 NEW WORLDS IN Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop n C J 1-3 n

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3 NEW WORLDS IN Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop n ) I m editors Alexander Krasnitz CENTRA & Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal Ana M. Mourao CENTRA & Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal Mario Pimenta UP & Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal Robertus Potting CENTRA & Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal Vfe World Scientific wb New Jersey London Singapore Si. Hong Kong

Mourao CENTRA & Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal Mario Pimenta UP & Instituto Superior

4 Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore USA office: Suite 202,1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover design is based on graphics material from the New Worlds in Astroparticle Physics 2002 poster by Dimensao 6. NEW WORLDS IN ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop Copyright 2003 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers (S) Pte Ltd

Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover design is based on graphics material from the New Worlds in Astroparticle Physics 2002 poster by Dimensao 6.

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7 PREFACE The Fourth International Workshop on New Worlds in Astroparticle Physics took place from the 5th through the 7th of September 2002 on the Campus of Gambelas, at the University of the Algarve, near Faro. For three days we had talks and discussions, with presentation of recent results on distant supernovae and cosmological background radiation, of developments in new projects on gravitational wave searches and extremely high energy cosmic ray detection based on the International Space Station, and of theoretical insights into extremely dense matter and the possibility of recreating Big Bang at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Astroparticle physics is growing and nourishing - even if we still do not know where the dark mass and the dark energy come from... The symposium was organised by the University of the Algarve, Instituto Superior Tecnico, CENTRA (Multidisciplinary Center for Astrophysics) and CFIF (Center for Physics of Fundamental Interactions). Financial support from FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) under the Programa Operacional Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovagao do Quadro Comunitario de Apoio II, from FLAD (Portuguese American Foundation) and from Gulbenkian Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Jorge Dias de Deus VII

For three days we had talks and discussions, with presentation of recent results on distant supernovae and cosmological background radiation, of developments in new projects on gravitational wave

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9 CONTENTS Preface vii PART 1 OVERVIEWS IN ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS Dense Matter 3 N. K. Glendenning Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays and Fundamental Physics 20 H. J. De Vega Gravitational Waves: Probing the Extremes of Physics 28 N. Andersson Cosmological Parameters: Fashion and Facts 50 A. Blanchard PART 2 CONTRIBUTIONS Astroparticle Physics Beyond the Standard Model Physical Implications of Quintessential Brane Cosmologies 75 K. E. Kunze and M. A. Vdzquez-Mozo Dark Radiation and Localization of Gravity on the Brane 82 R. Neves and C. Vaz Astrophysical Tests of Lorentz Symmetry in Electrodynamics 89 M. Mewes Apparent Lorentz Violation through Spacetime-Varying Couplings 96 R. Lehnert The CERN Axion Solar Telescope 103 M. D. Hasinoff for the CAST experiment Matter Under Extreme Conditions Properties of Dense and Cold QCD 113 H. J. De Vega IX

Blanchard PART 2 CONTRIBUTIONS Astroparticle Physics Beyond the Standard Model Physical Implications of Quintessential Brane Cosmologies 75 K. E. Kunze and M. A. Vdzquez-Mozo Dark Radiation and Localization of Gravity on the Brane 82 R.

10 Stability of Quark Matter and Quark Stars 123 M. Fiolhais. M. Malheiro and A. R. Taurines Heavy Quarks or Compactified Extra Dimensions in the Core of Hybrid Stars 133 G. G. Barnafoldi, P. Levai and B. Lukdcs Ratios of Antibaryon/Baryon Yields in Heavy Ion Collisions 143 Yu. M. Shabelski Cosmic Rays EUSO: Basic Parameters 151 M. C. Espirito Santo The Radio Technique 40 Years Later: Where Do We Stand? 161 E. Zas GPS Synchronization in Cosmic Ray Experiments 171 P. Assis Results from the AMS Shuttle Flight 178 M. Steuer Electric Charge Reconstruction with RICH Detector of the AMS Experiment 191 L. Arruda. F. Barao, J. Borges, F. Carmo, P. Goncalves, A. Keating, M. Pimenta and I. Perez Velocity Reconstruction with the RICH Detector of the AMS Experiment 202 L. Arruda, F. Barao, Joao P. Borges. M. Pimenta and I. Perez Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics Results from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory 217 /. Maneira for the SNO Collaboration Status Report on Borexino 227 A. de Bellefon Testing Neutrino Parameters at Future Accelerators 233 J. C. Romdo

161 E. Zas GPS Synchronization in Cosmic Ray Experiments 171 P. Assis Results from the AMS01 1998 Shuttle Flight 178 M.

11 XI Gravitational Waves and Tests of General Relativity Relativistic R-Modes in Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars 245 S. Yoshida and U. Lee Collision of Highly Relativistic Particles with Black Holes: The Gravitational Radiation Generated 252 V. Cardoso and J. P. S. Lemos Pair of Accelerated Black Holes in an Anti-de Sitter Background: The AdS C-Metric 260 O. J. Dias and J. P. S. Lemos Timing the PSR J Binary System: Testing the Fundamental Assumption of General Relativity 270 P. C. Freire. J. A. Navarro and S. B. Anderson Supernovae and Dark Matter Supernovae and Dark Energy 281 A. Goobar Current Status of Type IA Supernovae Theory and Their Role in Cosmology 291 S. Blinnikov Intensive Supernovae Searches 298 K. Schahmaneche Probing the Dark Matter within the Solar Interior 306 /. P. Lopes List of participants 319

Lemos Pair of Accelerated Black Holes in an Anti-de Sitter Background: The AdS C-Metric 260 O. J. Dias and J. P. S. Lemos Timing the PSR J2016+1947 Binary System: Testing the Fundamental Assumption of General Relativity 270 P.

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