SURGICAL CARE MALFORMATIONS

Transcription

1 SURGICAL CARE OF MAJOR Newborn MALFORMATIONS

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3 SURGICAL CARE OF MAJOR Newborn MALFORMATIONS editors Stephen E Dolgin Schneider Children s Hospital NS-LIJ Health System, USA Chad E Hamner Cook Children s Hospital, USA World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI

4 Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite , Hackensack, NJ UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. SURGICAL CARE OF MAJOR NEWBORN MALFORMATIONS Copyright 2012 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN ISBN X Typeset by Stallion Press enquiries@stallionpress.com Printed in Singapore.

5 CONTENTS Contributors vii Introduction xi Chapter 1 Perioperative Management of the Neonatal Patient 1 Matias Bruzoni and Craig T. Albanese Chapter 2 Malrotation 33 Jeremy Aidlen Chapter 3 Congenital Duodenal Obstruction 57 Chad E. Hamner Chapter 4 Jejunoileal Atresia and Stenosis 79 Stephen E. Dolgin Chapter 5 Hirschsprung s Disease 91 Meade Barlow, Nelson Rosen and Stephen E. Dolgin Chapter 6 Meconium Syndromes 125 Ankur Rana and Stephen Dolgin Chapter 7 Anorectal Malformations 141 Meade Barlow, Nelson Rosen and Stephen E. Dolgin Chapter 8 Necrotizing Enterocolitis 165 Loren Berman and R. Lawrence Moss v

6 vi Contents Chapter 9 Esophageal Atresia 189 Frederick Alexander Chapter 10 Abdominal Wall Defects 213 Benedict C. Nwomeh Chapter 11 Malformations of the Lung 239 David H. Rothstein Chapter 12 Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 263 Samuel Z. Soffer Chapter 13 Extra Hepatic Biliary Atresia 275 Rebecka L. Meyers and Erik G. Pearson Chapter 14 Ovarian Cysts 307 Stephen E. Dolgin Chapter 15 Vascular and Lymphatic Anomalies 317 Ann M. Kulungowski and Steven J. Fishman Chapter 16 Sacrococcygeal Teratoma 369 Richard D. Glick Index 381

7 CONTRIBUTORS Jeremy Aidlen, M.D. Alpert Medical School of Brown University Hasbro Children s Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Craig T. Albanese, M.D., M.B.A. Professor of Surgery, Pediatrics Obstetrics and Gynecology Stanford University School of Medicine Chief Division of Pediatric Surgery and Director of Surgical Services Lucile Packard Children s Hospital Stanford California Frederick Alexander, M.D. Clinical Professor of Surgery Joseph M. Sanzari Children s Hospital Hackensack University Medical Center Hackensack, New Jersey Meade Barlow, M.D. Research Fellow Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine Cohen Children s Medical Center of New York New Hyde Park, New York vii

8 viii Contributors Loren Berman, M.D. Pediatric Surgical Fellow Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children s Hospital of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Matias Bruzoni, M.D. Division of Pediatric Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Lucile Packard Children s Hospital Stanford, California Stephen E. Dolgin, M.D. Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics Hofstra University North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine Cohen Children s Medical Center of New York New Hyde Park, New York Steven J. Fishman, M.D. Associate Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Stuart and Weitzman Family Chair Department of Surgery and Co-Director Vascular Anomalies Center Children s Hospital Boston Boston, Massachusetts Richard D. Glick, M.D. Hofstra University North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine Cohen Children s Medical Center of New York New Hyde Park, New York Chad E. Hamner, M.D. Attending Surgeon Cook Children s Medical Center Fort Worth, Texas

9 Contributors ix Ann M. Kulungowski, M.D. Research Fellow Harvard Medical School Children s Hospital Boston Boston, Massachusetts Rebecka Meyers, M.D. Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics University of Utah Chief Division of Pediatric Surgery Primary Children s Medical Center Salt Lake City, Utah R. Lawrence Moss, M.D. E. Thomas Boles Jr., Professor of Surgery The Ohio State University College of Medicine Surgeon-in-Chief, Nationwide Children s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Benedict C. Nwomeh, M.D., MPH Assistant Professor Clinical Surgery The Ohio State University College of Medicine Nationwide Children s Hospital Columbus, Ohio Erik G. Pearson, M.D. Resident in General Surgery University of Utah, Primary Children s Medical Center Salt Lake City, Utah Ankur Rana, M.D. Attending Surgeon Dell Children s Hospital Austin, Texas

10 x Contributors Nelson Rosen, M.D. Hofstra University North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine Cohen Children s Medical Center of New York New Hyde Park, New York David H. Rothstein, M.D. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children s Hospital of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Samuel Z. Soffer M.D. Hofstra University North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine Cohen Children s Medical Center of New York New Hyde Park, New York

11 INTRODUCTION Caring for newborn patients with major malformations has been an essential feature of pediatric surgical training since its inception. The relative rarity of these cases partly explains why training centers are limited to places with significant volume of tertiary neonatal surgical challenges. These cases often represent conditions with which graduates of general surgical residencies have limited experience. One of the goals of pediatric surgical training is to produce surgeons able to help solve these problems. We offer this work as a tool for those managing these patients. The historical context can serve as a springboard for future advancement since the status quo is never as good as can be. A fundamental part of the education process today is to make adaptable problem solvers. This applies particularly well to caring for newborn surgical malformations. Each individual patient has a unique specific combination of features that demands creative management. By sharing the evolution of our present methods, we hope to facilitate a creative and adaptable surgical approach. The growth of our specialty has seen marked improvement in outcomes for patients born with major malformations. Some of the progress is related to improved methods in neonatal intensive care units, advances in technology including monitoring, ventilators, warming devices, and means to provide nutrients. It is a mark of pride that pediatric surgeons themselves, by focusing on these patients for many decades, have made large strides in improving the care of children born with major malformations. Focusing on the surgical care of major newborn malformations, this book emphasizes clinical management and diagnosis, reviews operative techniques, and situates the present approach to these patients in its historical context. We hope this book is a useful resource for clinicians caring for newborns victimized by malformations. The psychic rewards for all concerned are potentially enormous. The editors owe a debt of gratitude to Mr. George Rodriguez for editorial guidance, for his heightened organizational skills and for his graceful help with this project. We appreciate the kind and skilled efforts of Meade Barlowe. We gratefully acknowledge the venerable Dan Dolgin and the redoubtable Ari Kahn. xi