URBAN FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION CENTRES TRENDS, CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS

Transcription

1 URBAN FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION CENTRES TRENDS, CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS Milena Janjevic, Qalinca Labs, Université Libre de Bruxelles European Cycle Logistics Conference, San Sebastian, 15 th October 2015

2 Urban freight transport is essential for the city s economy and liveability but is also a source of important externalities. PLANET (Environmental Sustainability) PEOPLE (Social Sustainability) PROFIT (Economic Sustainability) 1/3 of transport Nox emissions ½ of particulate matter emissions from transport 21% of CO2 emissions Safety Noise (add 5dB to the passenger traffic) Congestion contribution (double parking) Congestion contribution (10-15% of travelled miles) Critical to support consuming market: last mile accounts for 40% of the total transportation costs Sources: Janjevic, Lebeau, Strategy for the implementation of sustainable logistic concepts for the Brussels Capital Region ( No. Activity report of 18 month of research). ULB, VUB, Innoviris, Brussels. 2

3 Illustration: the urban link accounts for 1% of distance and 25% of logistical costs Example: textile industry supply chain China-Europe 1 - Champs de coton 2 - Stockage de la matière première 3 - Filature et tissage 4 - Confection et lavage 5 - Entreposage 6 - Port d expédition 7 - Port de transbordement 8 - Port de réception 9 - Plateforme logistique 10 - Distributeurs, détaillants, clients Source: CERTU, Transport de marchandises en ville : quels enjeux pour les collectivités? 3

4 Urban consolidation centres aim in rationalizing the last mile deliveries and decreasing the total vehicles*km relevant to urban freight transport Number of deliveries and trips for Brussels Transport flows before and after the implementation of the UCC 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 45% 80% Occasional 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 45% Deliveries 10% 10% Trips Branches procurement Consolidatio n Source: Bruxelles Mobilité, 2012, ADEME,

5 Urban consolidation centres are also an opportunity to adopt the vehicles used for the last leg of distribution to the urban environment ELCIDIS, La Rochelle Binnestadservice, Nijmengen 5

6 There is a large number of implementation cases of urban consolidation centres (mostly in Europe) Start date of the UCCs Source: Allen, J., Browne, M., Woodburn, A., Leonardi, J., The Role of Urban Consolidation Centres in Sustainable Freight Transport. Transport Reviews 32, doi: /

7 There are many variations of the UCC concepts (1/2) UCCs serving a town/city UCCs on single site Construction project UCCs Examples: La Rochelle, Nijmegen, Bristol Examples: Meadowhall (Yorkshire), Heathrow retail UCC Examples: Construction material UCCs in Heathrow and Stockholm Source: Allen, J., Browne, M., Woodburn, A., Leonardi, J., The Role of Urban Consolidation Centres in Sustainable Freight Transport. Transport Reviews 32, doi: /

8 There are many variations of the UCC concepts (2/2) UCC Surface of the UCC (m2) Micro-Consolidation centre London 160 Motomachi UCC, Yokohama 330 Ecologis Brescia 400 Broadmead UCC, Bristom 465 The Green Link 750 La Rochelle UCC 800 Lucca 810 City Depot Brussels 1000 Padova UCC 1000 Monaco 1300 Leiden 1500 Beaugrenelle urban Logistics Space 2900 Source: own elaboration based on litterature review 8

9 However, despite the significant interest from both the public and the private sector, their long- term viability is difficult to reach Source: Lebeau et. al, 2015, Investigating support for Urban Consolidation Center in Brussels 9

10 Challenge 1: Commercial feasibility (i.e. sufficient market for UCC) Example: urban consolidation centre in Leiden Some figures Leiden: inhabitants UCC surface: 1300 m2 Expected impact: a daily reduction of the number of commercial vehicles from 24,000 to 5,000 (-80%!) Break-even: 600 shipments/day Maximum throughput reached: 90 shipments/day Source: BESTUFS 10

11 Challenge 2: Additional cost of transhipment Source urban distribution service UCC1* Boudouin, 2006 UCC La Rochelle UCC Monaco La Petite Reine Price 2,5-5 euros/parcel euros/pallet 3 euros/parcel 3,80 euros/parcel 4,90 euros/100kg 2,50-5 euros/delivery Source: Own elaboration based on litterature review;; Browne, M., Woodburn, A., Allen, J., Evaluating the potential for urban consolidation centres. 11

12 Challenge 3: Allocation of costs and benefits +/- Change in cost of deliveries - Loss of customer contact +/- Change in cost of deliveries - Monopolistic situation + Receiver-oriented services 12

13 Challenge 4: Lack of stakeholder support (1/2) Brussels International Logistics Centre: the project 13

14 Challenge 4: Lack of stakeholder support (2/2) Brussels International Logistics Centre: the reaction 14

15 Recently, there has been a regain of interest in the UCC concept and some new concepts have emerged Ecologic, Brescia Citydepot, Brussels Cityporto, Padova Binnenstadservice, Netherlands 15

16 Concept 1: Downscaling the scope of the consolidation Micro- consolidation centre, London La Petite Reine, Paris Source: Browne, M., Allen, J., Leonardi, J., Evaluating the use of an urban consolidation c entre and electric vehicles in c entral London. IATSS Research 35, 1 6. doi: /j.iatssr

17 Concept 2: Reducing the necessary infrastructure Example: Mobile depot by TNT Express in Brussels Source: STRAIGHTSOL project,

18 Concept 3: Receiver-based consolidation centres Binnenstadservice, Netherlands Citydepot, Hasselt, Belgium Some advantages for retailers participating in the UCC scheme Remote storage (potential to increase the sales surface in the shop) Single delivery for several suppliers (reduction of the time necessary to receiver the goods) Possibility to choose the delivery hours (potential to move them to off-peak shopping periods) Public recognition ( green logistics ) Other services (e.g. home delivery) Management of the return logistics 18

19 Concept 4: Better supply chain integration SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION Transhipment point Consolidation of goods Transhipment towards more adapted v ehicles Fast turnover of goods in the consolidation c entre Remote storage Remote s tock of goods available at request Increase in the s ales area Better reactivity of the s upply chain Value- added services Labelling, packaging, pre- retailing, tracking and tracing, quality control, etc. 19

20 Concept 5: Night and off-hour deliveries to the UCC Carriers Decreased travel time Decreased service time Receivers Increased reliability of the deliveries No need to extend the reception hours as in the case of regular off-hour deliveries 20

21 Conclusion Improved loading factor Decreased CO2 and pollutant emissions Decreased cost of operations Reduction of time per journey CITY PERSPECTIVE Decreased congestion Improved delivery reliability SUPPLY CHAIN PERSPECTIVE Off-hour deliveries Competitive local economy Improved service quality Value addedservices 21