Domain Names and their Role for the Net
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1 Domain Names and their Role for the Net Hans Peter Dittler Karlsruhe 2000 H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
2 History 1962 first idea 1967 early planning for a real network 1969 ARPANET as a connection of four locations (university and research labs) H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
3 From the early Sketchbook H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
4 Fault tolerance Automatic reconfiguration around broken links each node is self contained and can work without others no single Point of Failure H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
5 Central Internet functions Protocols (identifiers in protocols) IP-Numbers (IPv4, IPv6) and routing areas (autonomous system numbers) Names (domain-names) central starting points for DNS (root-server) H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
6 DNS - early days Use names in addition to numbers Troubadix Miraculix Majestix Obelix Asterix SRI-NIC Hosts.txt Asterix Obelix Majestix Miraculix Troubadix The names and numbers were centrally entered in a file which could be downloaded by everyone interested H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
7 DNS internal function Application asks for ftp.microsoft.de request: ftp.microsoft.de Refer to nameserver.de Root-server. Resolver Nameserver (DNS) request: ftp.microsoft.de Refer to nameserver.microsoft.de request: ftp.microsoft.de IP-Address of ftp.microsoft.de DENIC.de MICROSOFT mircosoft.de H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
8 Domain name structure. Root com edu gov mil net org int de ch nl... tv web museum rec?????? Top Level Domain Microsoft MultiNET DTAG Second Level Domain Services Technology Subdomain Gutemine Obelix Miraculix blackbird ramjet aurora Hosts H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
9 Rules in the DNS IANA / ICANN Two letters = cctld (country code Top Level Domain) using ISO 3166 (UN - Country- Codes) Each country makes its own rules!.de.com.int.net.edu.gov.mil Three letters = gtld (general Top Level Domain) Areas which are used internationally No more rigid rules US-oriented namespace US-rules Anybody may register where he wants - when allowed by local rules local law governs local registry some TLDs may use special rules (chartered TLD) other are completely open H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
10 DNS History From the early 1980s registration of TLDs was done by IANA (J. Postel) since 1993.com was run by NSI under contract from US Government during the success of the Internet made clear that something has to be changed H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
11 The early changes 1996 IAHC started working 3/97 IAHC proposes 7 new TLDs 6/97 MoU for IAHC was signed III/97 CORE was founded 1/98 scheduled opening of new domains 1/98 Stop from US Government H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
12 Second phase 3/98 Green Paper by US Government many comments from parties all over the world 6/98 White Paper again broad discussions 9/98 combined proposal from IANA (J. Postel) and NSI ICANN accepted leading to a lot of still open questions H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
13 ICANN ICANN starts working in 11 / 98 several meetings last meeting Yokohama H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
14 ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) 3 Chairman Board of Directors (18) Governemental AC DNS Root Server Operation AC PSO Protocols DNSO Domain Names ASO Addresses Users at Large IETF W3C ITU ETSI 7 Constituencies RIPE ARIN APNIC? H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
15 DNSO Names Council Constituencies TLD registriesisp and connectivity providers Non-commercial domain name holders Registrars Trademark, other intellectual property and anti-counterfeiting interests Working Groups B - Famous Trade-Marks C - New gtlds D - Business Plan and Internal Procedures E - Global Awareness and Outreach General Assembly H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
16 News from Yokohama New TLDs will be created proposals are invited until public comments on proposals announcement of results completion of contracts and start number will be small at beginning(<= 10??) competition between registrars chartered TLDs are possible still many open questions H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
17 News from Yokohama At Large membership election nominations by NOMCOM self-nominations voter education - campaigning online voting Root-servers The Advisory committee will make a proposal to the US-Government (until ) to transfer root-server operation from NSI to ICANN H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
18 Where to shop for domains? DNSO ICANN defines Domains.com,.net,.org NSI and others since IV/ 99.de DE NIC e. G. Frankfurt / Main.shop.??? New Registrars???? Provider Provider Customer H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
19 IP-Numbers delegates for Europe ASO ICANN RIPE NCC (Amsterdam) Provider ARIN for Amerika APNIC for Asia enterprise registry Customer H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
20 IP-Numbers ARIN RIPE APNIC IANA / ICANN ARIN RIPE APNIC Private address Space Enterprise registry Provider customer H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
21 Protocols IAB Internet Architecture Board IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group supervises Request For Comment ICANN RFC-Editor editing Internet Engineering Task Force IETF Working Group controls contracts + financing ISOC Internet-interested people H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
22 root server contract NSI provides US- Government primary root ICANN Defines content and supervises Copy of the data secondary root contracts secondary root 1 12 H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
23 Links members.icann.org H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
24 H.P. Dittler - BRAINTEC Netzwerk-Consulting
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