Neue Produkte und Implementationen im Bereich Photovoltaik Der Beitrag des CSEM Centre Suisse d Electronique et de Microtechnique SA

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1 Neue Produkte und Implementationen im Bereich Photovoltaik Der Beitrag des CSEM Centre Suisse d Electronique et de Microtechnique SA Prof. Christophe Ballif CSEM PV-Center et EPFL PV-Lab Neuchâtel

2 Kompetenzcenter CSEM PV-center Le point de départ : Bâtiment Microcity de l EPFL en face du CSEM PV-center Les activités du PV-Lab@EPFL (55-65 people in ), et des autres groupes suisses ont gagné une reconnaissance internationale Le CSEM est spécialiste du transfert de technologie et du support à l industrialisation submission of project to Swiss Secretary State for Research in 2010 Fukushima effect + new energy strategy Energie-cluster.ch, August 2013 C. Ballif Page 1

3 CSEM PV-Center officially started in 2013! Primary mission: support fast technology transfer and innovation at Swiss companies ( technology agnostic ) Support job creations inside companies Base funding secured from Confederation (4-5 millions per year) for , but matching funds required for renewal ( defines part of the strategy) Ultra-competitive research group oriented towards industry in place (20 at Energie-cluster.ch, August 2013 C. Ballif Page 2

4 shareholders Centre Suisse d Electronique et de Microtechnique SA CSEM at a glance Incorporated, not-for-profit Research and Technology Organization (RTO), supported by the Swiss Government A public-private partnership 31 % public 69 % private 16% Swiss Confederation (EPFL) Federal Industrial 15% Neuchatel (city and canton) contributions income 29% 30% 69% Private organizations Key figures (2011) Revenues ~ CHF 70.1 mio Employees ~ 390 Other public projects 5% EU projects 18% CTI 6% Cantons 12% Copyright 2013 CSEM Title Author Page 3

5 PV: un marché turbulent, en consolidation (mais en croissance) Qui produira les panneaux? Avec quelles technologie? High tech production possible en Europe? Qui produira les équipements de fabrications, de mesures, certains composants clés et à haute valeur ajoutée? L intégration massive du solaire dans le réseau est-elle possible, quelles? Les coûts externes du solaire (stockage centralisés, réseaux, échanges) sont-ils acceptables? Energie-cluster.ch, August 2013 C. Ballif Page 8

6 Activités PV en Suisse: un bon départ Public research ETH domain HES (Supsi, ZAHW, Bern, Buchs, LU) Industry R&D Oerlikon-Tel, R&R CH, Flisom, Equipment makers Oerlikon, Tel, MB, AMAT, 3S, Pasan, Solneva, Essemtech, Comax Composants/consommables Sputnik, MC, SSF, Studer, Metalor, Solaronix, Production Swiss Wafer,3S, SES, G2E, Acomet Other various Indeotec, Iland GT,Ideal Chimic ABB, Power-one SGS, ALSTOM + dizaines de start-ups technologiques + entreprises électriques + installateurs, architectes, bureaux d ingénieurs Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 9

7 Switzerland with state-of-the-art research Devices EMPA: CIGS (20.3% on flexible), CdTe in various configurations EPFL LPI: DSCC and Perovskite based solar cells (15%!) EPFL PV-Lab: Thin film Si (13%) and crystalline Si (22.1%) CSEM (see later) Other prospective activities in several laboratories (EMPA-Thun) Testing, reliability, architecture, systems FHL, Supsi, EPFL-LESO, EPFL, PV-Lab, EMPA, Systems, Storage and grid Fachhoschule Bern (Prof. Vezzini, Prof. Muntwyler..), ZAHW, PSI, CSEM Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 10

8 Switzerland: strength of cleantec sector In 2011, close to 2 billions CHF export Production equipment (Meyer burger, Oerlikon, Pasan, 3S, Comax, ) Electrical connectors, inverters (Multi-contact, Pasan, ) Wafer and module export (SW, Pramac, Flexcell) In 2013 Strong down for equipment makers Several companies with difficulties Tens of Swiss companies enters niche or new markets (G2E, Acomet, Swissinso, Indeotec, Light Energyy..) Final user market growth Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 11

9 One example: technology transfer to Oerlikon/Tel From laboratory cells (1 cm2) to 1.4 m 2 reliable modules. Supported by SFOE, CTI, EU Full micormorph production lines of Oerlikon solar /TEL close to 2 billion total sales between 2006 and 2012 If low mounting costs systems remains one of the most attractive solutions But requires strong efficiency increase for access to mainstream market Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 12

15 Challenges of BIPV Customized PV solutions often too expensive to reach significant market size most companies exit Revolution of PV as part of the building still to come Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 18

16 Why is it the right time to invest in solar? Potential for efficiency increase and cost reduction still massively present in PV: target production cost of cts/w in 2020 (or earlier ) for most (surviving) technologies PV will make virtually everything possible if combined with storage (batteries, H2, CH4) Perspective of GW installed by realistic (today 120 GW) PV just at a start. Right time for innovation Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 19

18 CSEM vision for Switzerland Be at the top of technology innovation in solar Defend position (with Germany and US) in equipment business Build specialised components and systems with added values Niche product/high end module manufacturing for BIPV and special applications Be a model to fully renewable society (wide scale implementation) / support energy transition. Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 21

19 CSEM, PV-center Coating technology Thin film devices organic, perovskites Crystalline-Si Modules and system integration Infrastructure / Manufacturing and equipment / Characterization tool / Validation Various platforms: coating services, device processing, metallization, modules prototyping, characterization Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 22

20 Major facilities at IMT / CSEM /CSEM-basel 20 systems for coating technologies Unique wet chemistry Several metalisation platforms (inkjet, plating, printing) Unique solar simulators (large area DC) Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 23

22 Coatings and plasma Sensing Base processes for: ITO, SnO 2, ZnO, metals, dielectrics, AlN Novel material development: TCO/metal/TCO stacks, ternary alloys Industrial plasma processing Applications: PV, glasses for energy microelectronics, lightning, LED, TFT, filters, smart glasses, waste management.. Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 25

23 Thin film Devices SOA light management schemes High fidelity nano-imprinting Multiscale textures TF Si growth and interfacing expertise Low deposition temperature Lowest cost /m 2, BIPV Top cells in new high eff devices Active smart glasses PV for consumer electronics Diodes for electronic applications Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 26

24 Advanced Crystalline Silicon Technology Contact printing metallization, plating Advanced interconnection schemes Low cost micro-patterning Wafer surface passivation Etching and cleaning Ultra-high efficiency crystalline Si (> 25%?) Multi-junction based on Si wafer (> 30%?) Microelectronics hybrid circuits Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 27

25 Module Design and System Integration sector Advanced PV encapsulation techniques and know-how Polymers design and testing Energy yield, reliability, failure modes PV modules Modeling/testing of electrical storage (in partnership) Grid and full system (in partnership) Building Integration (BIPV) Single prototypes (various glasses/microtexture) System demonstrators (10-50 m 2 ) Modules for airplane, cars PV power plants, storage for PV, grid connected PV Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 28

30 PV-Lab at IMT/continued at CSEM Thin film silicon for high efficiency crystalline silicon: Hetero-Junction technology Saw damage etch / texturing / cleaning i-p a-si:h deposition by PECVD (15 nm) i-n a-si:h deposition by PECVD (15 nm) Front ITO DC sputtering (80 nm) Back ITO / Ag DC sputtering Edge isolation Combined strength of thin films technology and wafer based Screen-printing front contact Low temperature annealing 8 process steps (<200 C) Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 33

31 Thin film silicon for high efficiency crystalline silicon: Hetero-Junction technology Interface control (patented) Best transparent conductive oxides (patented) Industrial processes (screen-printing) area [cm 2 ] V oc [mv] n-type p-type Independently confirmed results (Fraunhofer ISE CalLab) J sc [ma/cm 2 ] FF [%] Efficiency [%] Results published by A. Descoeudres in IEEE JPV 2013! Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 34

32 From 19% to world-class PV modules Small area devices developped in FNS project «Swisselectric research award» 2007 In 2008 creation of Roth and Rau Switzerland in Neuchâtel fast process for > 21% 156x156 cm 2 cells 2013, Meyer Burger can propose full technology for manufacture of > 21% cells and related module technology at competitive costs Copyright 2013 CSEM CORE Prof. Christophe Ballif Page 35

33 Et pourquoi pas des systèmes pré-assemblés CH? Urban-Plant? Energie-cluster.ch, August 2013 C. Ballif Page 36

34 Le photovoltaïque. Potentiel fantastique et nécessité de bonnes conditions cadre pour évoluer Opportunité pour la Suisse (et le canton de Bern) en termes d industrie «clean-tec», de solutions systémiques et de production d électricité propre. Le CSEM et le CSEM PV-center vont contribuer avec énergie. En parteneriat avec l indsutrie et les autres groupes de recherche Contact: PV christophe.ballif@csem.ch, clean-tec: Andreas.HUTTER@csem.ch Thanks to all CSEM and PV-lab members Thanks for support to SEFRI, SFOE, CTI, SER, FNS, AxpoNatur, SIG, and industry partners