HL-93 Loading for Bridge Piers B1-1

Transcription

1 Chpe Conens Chpe Los Scope Definiions...-. Lo Designions...-. Limi Ses Lo Fcos n Lo Cominions Lo Fcos fo Susucue Los n Lo Fcos fo Consucion Lo Fcos fo Pos-ensioning Pos-ensioning Effecs fom Supesucue Secony Foces fom Pos-ensioning, PS Pemnen Los Deck Ovely equiemen Live Los Live Lo Designion Live Lo Anlysis of Coninuous Biges Loing fo Live Lo Deflecion Evluion Disiuion o Supesucue Bige Lo ing Peesin Los Win Los Win Lo o Supesucue Win Lo o Susucue Win on Noise Wlls Vcn Ehquke Effecs Eh Pessue Foce Effecs Due o Supeimpose Defomions Ohe Los Buoyncy Collision Foce on Bige Susucue Collision Foce on Tffic Bie Foce fom Sem Cuen, Floing Ice, n Dif Ice Lo Unifom Tempeue Lo efeences Appenix.-A Appenix.-B Tosionl Consns of Common Secions...-A- HL-9 Loing fo Bige Pies....-B- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge -i Apil 05

2 Conens Pge -ii WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

3 Chpe Los. Scope AASHTO Lo n esisnce Fco Design (LFD) Specificions shll e he minimum esign ciei use fo ll iges excep s moifie heein. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

4 Los Chpe Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

5 Chpe Los. Definiions The efiniions in his secion supplemen hose given in LFD Secion. Pemnen Los Los n foces h e, o e ssume o e, eihe consn upon compleion of consucion o vying only ove long ime inevl. Tnsien Los Los n foces h cn vy ove sho ime inevl elive o he lifeime of he sucue. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

6 Los Chpe Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

7 Chpe Los. Lo Designions Lo esignions follow LFD Aicle.. wih he iion of: PS secony foces fom pos-ensioning WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

8 Los Chpe Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

9 Chpe Los. Limi Ses The sic limi se equion is s follows: Ση i γ i Q i φ n (.-) Whee: η i Limi Se lo moifie fco fo uciliy, eunncy, n imponce of sucue γ i Lo fco Q i Lo (i.e., e lo, live lo, seismic lo) φ esisnce fco n Nominl o ulime esisnce This equion ses h he foce effecs e muliplie y fcos o ccoun fo unceiny in loing, sucul uciliy, opeionl imponce, n eunncy, mus e less hn o equl o he ville esisnce muliplie y fcos o ccoun fo viiliy n unceiny in he meils n consucion. Use vlue of.0 fo η i excep fo he esign of columns when minimum vlue of γ i is ppopie. In such cse, use η i Compession memes in seismic esigns e popoione n eile o ensue he evelopmen of significn n visile inelsic efomions he exeme even limi ses efoe filue. Sengh IV lo cominion shll no e use fo founion esign. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

10 Los Chpe Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

11 Chpe Los.5 Lo Fcos n Lo Cominions The limi ses lo cominions, n lo fcos (γ i ) use fo sucul esign e in cconce wih he AASHTO LFD Specificions, Tle..-. Fo founion esign, los e fcoe fe isiuion hough sucul nlysis o moeling. The live lo fco fo Exeme Even-I Limi Se lo cominion, γ EQ s specifie in he AASHTO LFD Specificions Tle..- fo ll WSDOT iges shll e ken equl o The γ EQ fco pplies o he live lo foce effec oine fom he ige live lo nlysis. Associe mss of live lo nee no e inclue in he ynmic nlysis. The AASHTO LFD Specificions llow he live lo fco in Exeme Even-I lo cominion, γ EQ, e eemine on pojec specific sis. The commeny inices h he possiiliy of pil live lo, i.e., γ EQ <.0, wih ehqukes shoul e consiee. The pplicion of Tuks s ule fo comining uncoele los inices h γ EQ 0.50 is esonle fo wie nge of vlues of vege ily uck ffic (ADTT). The NCHP epo 89 ecommens live lo fco fo Exeme Even-I Limi Se, γ EQ equl o 0.5 fo ll iges. This fco shll e incese o γ EQ equl o 0.50 fo iges loce in min se oues n congese os. Since he eeminion of live lo fco, γ EQ se on ADTT o se on iges loce in congese os coul e confusing n quesionle, i is ecie h live lo fco of γ EQ equl o 0.50 o e use fo ll WSDOT iges egless he ige locion o congesion. The se consucion empeue my e ken s 6 F fo he eeminion of Tempeue Lo. The lo fcos γ TG n γ SE e o e eemine on pojec specific sis in cconce wih Aicles.. n. of he LFD Specificions. Lo Fcos fo Pemnen Los, γ p e povie in AASHTO LFD Specificions Tle..-. The lo fco fo own g los shll e s specifie in he AASHTO Specificions Tle..-. The Geoechnicl epo will povie he own g foce (DD). The own g foce (DD) is lo pplie o he pile/shf wih he lo fco specifie in he Geoechnicl epo. Genelly, live los (LL) e less hn he own g foce n shoul e omie when consieing own g foces. The Lo Fcos fo Supeimpose Defomions, γ p e povie in Tle.5. PS C, SH Supesucue.0.0 Fixe (oom) susucue suppoing Supesucue (using I g only) All ohe susucue suppoing Supesucue (using I g o I effecive ) Lo Fcos fo Supeimpose Defomions Tle.5 WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.5- Apil 05

12 Los Chpe.5. Lo Fcos fo Susucue Tle.5 povies genel guielines fo when o use he mximum o minimum shf/pile/column pemnen lo fcos fo xil cpciy, uplif, n lel loing. In genel, susucue esign shoul use unfcoe los o oin foce isiuion in he sucue, n hen fco he esuling momen n she fo finl sucul esign. All foces n lo fcos e s efine peviously. Axil Cpciy Uplif Lel Loing DC mx, DW mx DC min, DW min DC mx, DW mx DC mx, DW mx fo cusing she DC mx, DW mx fo cusing she DC mx, DW mx cusing she DC min, DW min fo esising she DC min, DW min fo esising she DC min, DW min esising she DC mx, DW mx fo cusing momens DC min, DW min fo esising momens DC mx, DW mx fo cusing momens DC min, DW min fo esising momens DC mx, DW mx fo cusing momens DC min, DW min fo esising momens EV mx EV min EV mx DD vies DD vies DD vies EH mx EH mx if cuses uplif EH mx Minimum/Mximum Susucue Lo Fcos fo Sengh Limi Se Tle.5 In he le ove, cusing momen n cusing she e ken o e he momen n she cusing xil, uplif, n lel loing especively. esising is king o men hose foce effecs h e iminishing xil cpciy, uplif, n lel loing. Pge.5- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

13 Chpe Los.6 Los n Lo Fcos fo Consucion Unless ohewise specifie, he lo fco fo consucion los n fo ny ssocie ynmic effecs shll no e less hn.5 in Sengh I. The lo fco fo win in Sengh III shll no e less hn.5. When invesiging Sengh Lo Cominions I, III, n V uing consucion, lo fcos fo he weigh of he sucue n ppuennces, DC n DW, shll no e ken o e less hn.5. Whee evluion of consucion eflecions e equie y he conc ocumens, Lo Cominion Sevice I shll pply. Consucion e los shll e consiee s p of he pemnen lo n consucion nsien los consiee p of he live lo. The ssocie pemie eflecions shll e inclue in he conc ocumens. Fo flsewok n fomwok esign los, see Sn Specificions Secion 6-0.(7)A. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.6- Apil 05

14 Los Chpe Pge.6- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

15 Chpe Los.7 Lo Fcos fo Pos-ensioning.7. Pos-ensioning Effecs fom Supesucue When cs-in-plce, pos-ensione supesucue is consuce monolihic wih he pies, he susucue esign shoul ke ino ccoun fme momens n shes cuse y elsic shoening n ceep of he supesucue upon pplicion of he xil pos-ensioning foce he ige ens. Fme momens n shes hus oine shoul e e lgeiclly o he vlues oine fom he pimy n secony momen igms pplie o he supesucue. When cs-in-plce, pos-ensione supesucue e suppoe on sliing eings some of he pies, he esign of hose pies shoul inclue he longiuinl foce fom ficion on he eings genee s he supesucue shoens uing jcking. When pos-ensioning is complee, he full pemnen ecion fom his effec shoul e inclue in he govening AASHTO lo cominions fo he pie une esign..7. Secony Foces fom Pos-ensioning, PS The pplicion of pos-ensioning foces on coninuous sucue pouces ecions he sucue s suppo n inenl foces h e collecively clle secony foces. Secony pesessing foces (i.e. secony momens) e he foce effecs in coninuous memes, s esul of coninuous pos-ensioning. In fme nlysis sofwe, he secony momens e genelly oine y sucing he pimy (P*e) fom he ol PS momens. Whehe o no his is ppopie when using lineelsic nlysis is ele, u ccepe fo lck of ee meho. A lo fco, γ PS, of.0 is ppopie fo he supesucue. Fo fixe columns 50% eucion in PS foce effecs coul e use given he elso-plsic chceisics of he soil suouning he founion elemens. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.7- Apil 05

16 Los Chpe Pge.7- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

17 Chpe Los.8 Pemnen Los The esign uni weighs of common pemnen los e povie in Tle.8. Iem Lo Pecs Peensione o Pos-ensione Splice Gies 65 l/f All Ohe Noml-Weigh einfoce Concee 55 l/f Concee Ovely 50 l/ f Sy-in-Plce Fom fo Box Gie (pplie o sl e less ovehngs n wes) 5 l/f Tffic Bie ( - F Shpe) Tffic Bie ( - F Shpe) Tffic Bie ( Single Slope) Tffic Bie ( Single Slope) 60 l/f 70 l/f 90 l/f 670 l/f Weing Sufce Asphl Concee Pvemen (ACP) 5 l/f Weing Sufce Ho Mix Asphl (HMA) 0 l/f Soil, Compc 5 l/f Pesesse Concee 65 l/f Ligh Weigh Aggege Concee 5 l/f.8. Deck Ovely equiemen Pemnen Los Tle.8 Vehicul ffic will genee we n uing on concee ige eck ove he life of ige. One opion o coec excessive we is o Ho Mix Asphl (HMA) ovely on op of he exising concee eck. This ype of ovely equies less consucion ime n is less expensive compe o emoving poion of he eck n ing moifie concee ovely. The iniil ige esign nees o incopoe he fuue ovely e lo. Concee ige eck poecion sysems shll e in cconce wih Secion 5.7. fo new ige consucion n wiening pojecs. To ccommoe fuue eck ovely, iges shll e esigne s shown Tle.8-. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.8- Apil 05

18 Los Chpe Supesucue Type Deck Poecion Sysems n : Pecs concee, seel I o ox gie wih cs-in-plce sl Pecs sls wih cs-in-plce sl einfoce n pos-ensione ox ems n sl iges Minline Biges on Se oues Deck Poecion Sysems n : Unecossing ige h cies ffic fom ciy see o couny o Biges wih ise siewlks Deck Poecion Sysem : Concee Ovelys Deck Poecion Sysem : HMA Ovelys Deck Poecion Sysem 5: Segmenl iges Bige Decks wih longiuinl o nsvese pos-ensioning Concee Cove ½ (Incluing ½ weing sufce) ½ (Incluing ½ weing sufce) Ovely shown in he pln None None Fuue Design Ovely HMA None Vies Vies None Vies Vies None ¾ (Incluing ¼ weing sufce) ½ Moifie Concee Ovely None Bige Ovely equiemens Tle.8 The effec of he fuue eck ovely on gies cme, A imension, ceep, n pofile ge nee no e consiee in supesucue esign. Deck ovely my e equie he ime of oiginl consucion fo some ige wiening o sge consucion pojecs if ie quliy is mjo concen. Pge.8- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

19 Chpe Los.9 Live Los.9. Live Lo Designion Live lo esign ciei e specifie in he lowe igh cone of he ige peliminy pln shee. The Bige Peliminy Pln Enginee eemines he ciei using he following guieline: New iges n Bige wiening wih iion of susucue HL-9 Bige supesucue wiening wih no iion of susucue Live lo ciei of he oiginl esign Deou n ohe empoy iges 75 pecen of HL-9.9. Live Lo Anlysis of Coninuous Biges The HL-9 live lo moel efine in he LFD Specificions inclues ul uck in fo negive momens n ecions n ineio pies. The pplicion of he ul uck in is somewh uncle s specifie in LFD Aicle.6... WSDOT inepes h icle s follows: Fo negive momen eween he poins of conflexue une unifom lo on ll spns n ecions ineio pies only, 90 pecen of he effec of wo esign ucks spce minimum of 50.0 fee eween he e xle of he le uck n he le xle of he e uck, comine wih 90 pecen of he effec of he esign lne lo. The isnce eween he.0-kip xles of ech uck shll e ken s.0 fee. The wo esign ucks shll e plce in jcen spns in such posiion o pouce mximum foce effec. Negive momen eween he poins of conflexue une unifom lo on ll spns n ecions ineio suppos shll e invesige ul esign nem spce fom 6.0 fee o 0.0 fee p, comine wih he esign lne lo specifie in LFD Aicle C.6... Fo he pupose of his icle, he pis of he esign nem shll e plce in jcen spns in such posiion o pouce mximum foce effec..9. Loing fo Live Lo Deflecion Evluion The loing fo live lo eflecion ciei is efine in LFD Aicle.6... Live lo eflecions fo he Sevice I limi se shll sisfy he equiemens of LFD WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.9- Apil 05

20 Los Chpe.9. Disiuion o Supesucue A. Muli Gie Supesucue The live lo isiuion fco fo exeio gie of muli gie iges shll e s follows: Fo exeio gie esign wih sl cnileve lengh equl o less hn 0 pecen of he jcen ineio gie spcing, use he live lo isiuion fco fo ineio gie. The sl cnileve lengh is efine s he isnce fom he ceneline of he exeio gie o he ege of he sl. Fo exeio gie esign wih sl cnileve lengh exceeing 0 pecen of he jcen ineio gie spcing, use he leve ule wih he muliple pesence fco of.0 fo single lne o eemine he live lo isiuion. The live lo use o esign he exeio gie shll no e less hn he live lo use fo he jcen ineio gie. The specil nlysis se on he convenionl ppoximion of los on piles s escie in LFD Aicle C.6... shll no e use unless he effeciveness of iphgms on he lel isiuion of uck lo is invesige. B. Concee Box Gies The lo isiuion fco fo muli-cell cs in plce concee ox gies shll e pe LFD Specificions fo ineio gies fom Tle fo ening momen, n Tle fo she. The live lo isiuion fco fo ineio gies shll hen e muliplie y he nume of wes o oin he esign live lo fo he enie supesucue. The coecion fco fo live lo isiuion fo skewe suppo s specifie in Tles.6...e- fo ening momen n.6...c fo she shll e consiee. DF N x Df i Live lo isiuion fco fo muli-cell ox gie (.9.-) Whee: Df i Live lo isiuion fco fo ineio we N Nume of wes C. Muliple Pesence Fcos A eucion fco will e pplie in he susucue esign fo muliple loings in cconce wih AASHTO. D. Disiuion o Susucue The nume of ffic lnes o e use in he susucue esign shll e eemine y iviing he enie owy sl wih y. No fcionl lnes shll e use. owy sl wihs of less hn fee shll hve mximum of wo esign lnes. E. Disiuion o Cossem The HL-9 loing is isiue o he susucue y plcing wheel line ecions in lne configuion h genees he mximum sess in he susucue. A wheel line ecion is ½ of he HL-9 ecion. Live los e consi ee o c iecly on he susucue wihou fuhe isiuion hough he supesucue s illuse in Figue.9. Nomlly, susucue esign will no consie live lo osion o lel isiuion. Sieswy effecs my e ccoune fo n e genelly inclue in compue genee fme nlysis esuls. Pge.9- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

21 Chpe Los WHEEL LINE LOADS APPLIED TO SUPESTUCTUE COSSBEAM LIVE LOAD ON BIDGE SECTION WHEEL LINE LOADS APPLIED TO SUBSTUCTUE COSSBEAM Live Lo Disiuion o Susucue Figue.9 Fo seel n pesesse concee supesucue whee he live lo is nsfee o susucue hough eings, coss fmes o iphgms, he gie ecion my e use fo susucue esign. Live lo plcemen is epenen on he meme une esign. Some exmples of live lo plcemen e s follows. The exeio vehicle wheel is plce fee fom he cu fo mximum cossem cnileve momen o mximum eccenic founion momen. Fo cossem esign eween suppos, he HL-9 lnes e plce o oin he mximum posiive momen in he meme; hen e-loce o oin he mximum she o negive momen in he meme. Fo column esign, he esign lnes e plce o oin he mximum nsvese momen he op of he column; hen e-loce o oin he mximum xil foce of he column..9.5 Bige Lo ing Bige esignes e esponsile fo he iges invenoy n lo ing of new iges in cconce wih he NBIS n he AASHTO Mnul fo Coniion Evluion of Bige, he les eiion. See Chpe. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.9- Apil 05

22 Los Chpe Pge.9- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

23 Chpe Los.0 Peesin Los Peesin iges shll e esigne in cconce wih he equiemens of he AASHTO LFD Guie Specificions fo he Design of Peesin Biges, e Deceme 009. Seismic esign of peesin iges shll e pefome in cconce wih he equiemens of he AASHTO Guie Specificions fo LFD Seismic Bige Design. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.0- Apil 05

24 Los Chpe Pge.0- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

25 Chpe Los. Win Los.. Win Lo o Supesucue Fo he usul gie n sl iges wih less hn 0 heigh ove goun, he following simplifie win pessue on sucue (WS), coul e use in lieu of he genel meho escie in AASHTO LFD Aicle.8..: 0.05 kip pe sque foo, nsvese 0.0 kip pe sque foo, longiuinl Boh foces shll e pplie simulneously. Fo he usul gie n sl iges wih less hn 0 heigh ove goun, he following simplifie win pessue on vehicle (WL), coul e use in lieu of he genel meho escie in AASHTO LFD Aicle.8..: 0.0 kip pe line foo, nsvese 0.0 kip pe line foo, longiuinl Boh foces shll e pplie simulneously... Win Lo o Susucue Win foces shll e pplie o he susucue unis in cconce wih he loings specifie in AASHTO. Tnsvese siffness of he supesucue my e consiee, s necessy, o popely isiue los o he susucue povie h he supesucue is cple of susining such los. Veicl win pessue, pe AASHTO LFD.8., shll e inclue in he esign whee ppopie, fo exmple, on single column pies. Win los shll e pplie hough she keys o ohe posiive mens fom he supesucue o he susucue. Win los shll e isiue o he pies n umens in cconce wih he lws of sics. Tnsvese win los cn e pplie iecly o he pies ssuming he supesucue o c s igi em. Fo lge sucues moe ppopie esul migh e oine y consieing he supesucue o c s flexile em on elsic suppos. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

26 Los Chpe.. Win on Noise Wlls Win lo shll e ssume o e unifomly isiue on he e expose o he win, ken pepenicul o he ssume win iecion. Design win pessue my e eemine using eihe he ule vlues given elow o he esign equions h follow. Heigh of sucue, Z, which win los e eing Win Velociy (mph) clcule s mesue fom low goun, o we level. 80 mph 90 mph 00 mph 0-0 f. psf 5 psf 6 psf 0-0 f. 6 psf 7 psf 9 psf 0-50 f. 8 psf 0 psf psf Minimum Win Pessue fo Ciy Tein (Exposue A) Tle. Heigh of sucue, Z, which win los e eing Win Velociy (mph) clcule s mesue fom low goun, o we level. 80 mph 90 mph 00 mph 0-0 f. 9 psf psf 5 psf 0-0 f. psf 5 psf 9 psf 0-50 f. psf 8 psf psf Minimum Win Pessue fo Suun Tein (Exposue B) Tle. Heigh of sucue, Z, which win los e eing Win Velociy (mph) clcule s mesue fom low goun, o we level. 80 mph 90 mph 00 mph 0-0 f. 7 psf psf 6 psf 0-0 f. 9 psf 5 psf 0 psf 0-50 f. psf 8 psf psf Minimum Win Pessue fo Spse Suun Tein (Exposue B) Tle. Heigh of sucue, Z, which win los e eing Win Velociy (mph) clcule s mesue fom low goun, o we level. 80 mph 90 mph 00 mph 0-0 f. 6 psf psf 0 psf 0-0 f. 9 psf 6 psf 5 psf 0-50 f. psf 9 psf 9 psf Minimum Win Pessue fo Open Couny Tein (Exposue C) Tle. Heigh of sucue, Z, which win los e eing Win Velociy (mph) clcule s mesue fom low goun, o we level. 80 mph 90 mph 00 mph 0-0 f. 9 psf 50 psf 6 psf 0-0 f. psf 5 psf 67 psf 0-50 f. 5 psf 57 psf 7 psf Minimum Win Pessue fo Cosl Tein (Exposue D) Tle. 5 Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

27 Chpe Los Design Win Pessue Fo noise wlls wih heighs gee hn 50 f. o sujece o win velociies ohe hn 80, 90, o 00 mph, he following equions shll e use o eemine he minimum esign win pessue o e pplie o he wll: V PB V Whee: P Design win pessue (psf) P B Bse win pessue (psf) V DZ Design win velociy esign elevion (mph) V B Bse win velociy (00 mph) 0.0 f heigh WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05 B DZ P (..-) Bse Win Pessue The se win pessue, P B, shll e ken s 0 psf fo wlls n ohe lge fl sufces. Design Win Velociy The esign win velociy is compue s: V 0 Z V DZ.5V 0 ln (..-) VB Z0 Whee: V 0 ficion velociy (mph) V 0 win velociy 0.0 f ove low goun o ove esign we level (mph) Z heigh of sucue which win los e eing clcule s mesue fom low goun o we level, > 0.0 f Z 0 ficion lengh of upsem fech (f), (lso efee o s oughness lengh) Exposue Cegoies Ciy (A): Suun (B): Lge ciy cenes wih les 50% of he uilings hving heigh in excess of 70 f. Use of his cegoy shll e limie o hose es fo which epesenive ein pevils in he upwin iecion les one-hlf mile. Possile chnneling effecs of incese velociy pessues ue o he ige o sucue's locion in he wke of jcen sucues shll e ccoune fo. Un n suun es, wooe es, o ohe ein wih numeous closely spce osucions hving he size of single-fmily o lge wellings. This cegoy shll e limie o hose es fo which epesenive ein pevils in he upwin iecion les,500 f. Spse Suun (B): Un n suun es wih moe open ein no meeing he equiemens of Exposue B. Open Couny (C): Open ein wih scee osucions hving heighs genelly less hn 0 f. This cegoy inclues fl open couny n gsslns. Cosl (D): Fl unosuce es n we sufces iecly expose o win. This cegoy inclues lge oies of we, smooh mu fls, sl fls, n unoken ice.

28 Los Chpe Ficion Velociy A meeoologicl win chceisic ken fo vious upwin sufce chceisics (mph). Coniion Ciy Suus Spse Suus Open Couny Cosl V 0 (mph) Win Velociy 0.0 f V 0 my e eslishe fom: Fses-mile-of-win chs ville in ASCE 7-88 fo vious ecuence Sie-specific win suveys, o In he sence of ee cieion, he ssumpion h V 0 V B 00 mph. Ficion Lengh A meeoologicl win chceisic of upsem ein (f). Spse Open Coniion Ciy Suus Suus Couny Cosl Z 0 (f) Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

29 Chpe Vcn. Vcn WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

30 Vcn Chpe Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

31 Chpe Los. Ehquke Effecs Ehquke los see Chpe. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

32 Los Chpe Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

33 Chpe Los. Eh Pessue Eh Pessue los see Chpe 7. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.- Apil 05

34 Los Chpe Pge.- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

35 Chpe Los.5 Foce Effecs Due o Supeimpose Defomions PS, C, SH, TU n TG e supeimpose efomions. Lo fcos fo PS, C, n SH, e s shown in Tle.5. In non-segmenl sucues: PS, C n SH e symoliclly fcoe y vlue of.0 in he sengh limi se, u e cully esigne fo in he sevice limi se. Fo susucue in he sengh limi se, he vlue of 0.50 fo γ PS, γ C, γ SH, n γ TU my e use when clculing foce effecs in non-segmenl sucues, u shll e ken in conjuncion wih he goss momen of inei in he columns o pies. The lge of he vlues povie fo lo fco of TU shll e use fo efomions n he smlle vlues fo ll ohe effecs. The clculion of isplcemens fo TU los uilizes fco gee hn.0 o voi une sizing joins, expnsion evices, n eings. The cuen AASHTO LFD Specificions equie lo fco of. on C, SH, n TU efomions, n 0.5 on ohe C/SH/TU foce effecs. The lowe vlue h een ionlize s issipion of hese foce effecs ove ime, picully in he columns n pies. Chnging he lo fcos fo ceep n shinkge is no sigh-fow ecuse C, SH e supeimpose efomions, h is, foce effecs ue o chnge in meil ehvio h cuse chnge in he sicl sysem. Fo sfey n simpliciy in esign, hey e ee s los--espie no eing mesule ime 0. Howeve, ehvio is nonline n pplicion of he lo fco mus lso e consiee. Some sofwe will un sevice lo nlysis wice: once wih n once wihou C, SH effecs. The C n SH cn hen e isole y sucing he esuls of he wo uns. Ohe sofwe will couple he C n SH wih he e lo, giving shinkge- o ceep-juse e lo. The popose compomise is o ssign ceep n shinkge he sme lo fco s he DC los, u pemi fco of.0 if he pojec-specific ceep coefficien cn e eemine n is hen use in he line nlysis sofwe. Theml n shinkge loings e inuce y movemens of he sucue n cn esul fom sevel souces. Movemens ue o empeue chnges e clcule using coefficiens of heml expnsion of f/f pe egee fo concee n f/f pe egee fo seel. einfoce concee shinks he e of f/f. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.5- Apil 05

36 Los Chpe Pge.5- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

37 Chpe Los.6 Ohe Los.6. Buoyncy The effecs of sumegence of poion of he susucue is o e clcule, oh fo esigning piling fo uplif n fo elizing economy in fooing esign..6. Collision Foce on Bige Susucue See AASHTO LFD Aicles.6.5 n..6. Collision Foce on Tffic Bie See AASHTO LFD Aicle Foce fom Sem Cuen, Floing Ice, n Dif.6.5 Ice Lo See AAHTO LFD Aicle.9 In cconce wih WSDOT HQ Hyulics Office ciei, n ice hickness of shll e use fo sem flow foces on pies houghou Wshingon Se..6.6 Unifom Tempeue Lo The esign heml movemen ssocie wih unifom empeue chnge my e clcule using he nges of empeue s specifie heein. The empeue nges shown elow eflec he iffeence eween he exene lowe n uppe ouny o e use o clcule heml efomion effecs. Concee Biges (All egions): 0 o 00 Seel Biges (Esen Wshingon): 0 o 0 Seel Biges (Wesen Wshingon): 0 o 0 WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.6- Apil 05

38 Los Chpe Pge.6- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

39 Chpe Los.99 efeences. AASHTO, LFD Bige Design Specificions fo Design of Highwy Biges, 6h Eiion 0. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.99- Apil 05

40 Los Chpe Pge.99- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

41 Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A Appenix.-A WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Tosionl Consns of Common Secions Tosionl Consns of Common Secions Tosionl Consns of Common Secions Tosionl Consns of Common Secions Tosionl Consns of Tosionl Consns Common Secions of Common Secions Tosionl Consns Tosionl of Consns Common Secions Tosionl Consns of of Common Secions Tosionl Consns of Common Secions ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( Pge ) ( ) Pge Pge Pge Pge Pge Pge Pge.07 Pge Pge Pge.-A- Pge

42 Los Chpe Pge.-A- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge ( ) π π Pge ( ) π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π π π π π π π π π π π π π

43 Chpe Los WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Pge.-A- Apil 05 Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π Pge π π c c ( ) c c Muli-Celle Secions Tosion of wo o moe cells connec he wlls is siclly ineemine polem. The genel meho o fin he osionl igiiy,, is s follows: The equion fo equiliium fo n cells is: Ω n i i M q i () c c ( ) c c Muli-Celle Secions Tosion of wo o moe cells connec he wlls is siclly ineemine polem. The genel meho o fin he osionl igiiy,, is s follows: The equion fo equiliium fo n cells is: Ω n i q i M () c c ( ) c c Muli-Celle Secions Tosion of wo o moe cells connec he wlls is siclly ineemine polem. The genel meho o fin he osionl igiiy,, is s follows: c c ( ) c c Muli-Celle Secions Tosion of wo o moe cells connec he wlls is siclly ineemine polem. The genel meho o fin he osionl igiiy,, is s follows: c c ( ) c c Muli-Celle Secions Tosion of wo o moe cells connec he wlls is siclly ineemine polem. The genel meho o fin he osionl igiiy,, is s follows: The equion fo equiliium fo n cells is: Ω n i i M q i () Whee q i is he she flow in cell i n Ω i is he e enclose y he cene line of he wlls c c ( ) c c Muli-Celle Secions Tosion of wo o moe cells connec he wlls is siclly ineemine polem. The genel meho o fin he osionl igiiy,, is s follows: The equion fo equiliium fo n cells is: Ω n i i M q i () Whee q i is he she flow in cell i n Ω i is he e enclose y he cene line of he wlls

44 Los Chpe Muli-Celle Secions Tosion of wo o moe cells connec he wlls is siclly ineemine polem. The genel meho o fin he osionl igiiy,, is s follows: The equion fo equiliium fo n cells is: n Ωi (.-A-) i M q i Whee q i is he she flow in cell i n Ω i is he e enclose y he cene line of he wlls inclosing he cell, n M is he wising momen pplie o he cell. The equions of consisen The equions efomion of consisen e: efomion e: The equions of consisen S jiqi Sefomion jjq j S jk qk e: Ω jθ (.-A-) Whee: S jiqi S jjq j S jk qk Ω jθ s S ji S ji s S G ji S ji G s S jj S jj s S G jj S The equions of consisen jj G efomion e: s S S jk S jk jiqi S jjq j S jkq k Ωs S G jk S jθ jk The equions of G s consisen efomion e: S ji G is he she moulus of elsiciy jiqi S S jjq j ji G S jk qk Ω jθ The equions G is G he is she he of consisen she moulus moulus efomion of s Selsiciy of ji is elsiciy he e: sum of he lengh of cell wll, common o cells j n i, ivie s s Sjj ji S jiqi S jj q j jjji S ji is jk qhe k is sum he Ωsum of he of lengh he lengh of cell of cell wll, wll, common common o cells o cells j n j n i, ivie i, ivie G jθ y is hickness s y is hickness S jk is he sum of he lengh of cell wll, common o cells j n k, ivie s jks s is he sum of he lengh of cell wll, common o cells j n k, ivie y is hickness S ji s jj jk S ji jjk is he sum of he lengh of cell wll, common o cells j n k, ivie S jj is he sum of he lengh of cell wll, common o cell j, ivie y hei G s S jj is he y sum is hickness of hicknesses. he lengh of cell wll, common o cell j, ivie y hei especive s S s jj G jkis he hicknesses. jk she S jj is he sum of he lengh of cell wll, common o cell j, ivie y G moulus hei of elsiciy especive θ is he hicknesses. ngle of wis in ins s θ is he ngle of wis in ins S ji is he sum s S of he lengh of cell wll, common o cells j n i, ivie y is hickness jk θ is S jk he ngle of wis G is he she moulus of elsiciy Equion in ins G () will yiel n equions fo n unknown she flows n cn e solv s S jk is he Equion sum of () he will lengh yiel flows of n cell qequions i in wll, ems common fo n G unknown n o cells he ngle j she n of k, flows wis ivie n θ. Knowing y cn is e hickness solve θ i n fo Ωhe i he she s osion S ji is he sum of he lengh of cell wll, common o cells j n i, ivie y is hickness G s flows q i in ems fo my G n e clcule he ngle of fom: wis θ. Knowing θ i n Ω i he osionl consn Sis he jj is she he sum moulus of he of lengh elsiciy of cell wll, common o cell j, ivie y hei especive s my e clcule fom: n s jk k, hicknesses. S ji is he sum of he lengh n of cell wll, q i Ω common o cells j n i, ivie y is hickness i s Gθ i θ is he s q i Ω jj is ngle of wis of in ins i of o j, ivie y hei especive S jk is he sum Gθ of he lengh of cell wll, common o cells j n k, ivie y is hickness i hicknesses. s Equion S jj is A simplificion of his meho is o ssume h he ineio we memes θ is he ngle () he will sum A simplificion of wis yiel of he in n lengh ins equions of cell fo wll, n unknown common she o cell flows j, ivie n cn y e hei solve especive fo he she flows q i in ems fo G n of he osion. his ngle meho of The wis osionl θ. ssume Knowing consn h θ i he my n ineio Ωe i he ppoxime we osionl memes consn y: e no effecive in hicknesses. Pge.-A- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. osion. The osionl consn A my e ppoxime y: Apil 05 Equion my θ is he e clcule ngle () will of wis yiel fom: in A n equions ins fo n unknown she flows n cn e solve fo he she n S i

45 Chpe Los Equion.-A- will yiel n equions fo n unknown she flows n cn e solve fo he she flows q i in ems fo G n he ngle of wis θ. Knowing θ i n Ω i he osionl consn my e clcule fom: Gθ n q i i Ω i (.-A-) A simplificion of his meho is o ssume h he ineio we memes e no effecive in osion. The osionl consn my e ppoxime y: Whee: A A S i i i Is he e enclose y he ceneline of he exeio wes n he op n oom sls S i Is he lengh of sie i i Is he hickness of sie i (.-A-) WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-A-5

46 Los Chpe Pge.-A-6 WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

47 Appenix.-B HL-9 Loing fo Bige Pies Coe efeence Inoucion The pupose of his exmple is o emonse mehoology of nlyzing ige pie fo he HL-9 live lo. This nlysis consiss of wo plne fme nlyzes. The fis nlysis is longiuinl nlysis of he supesucue. This nlysis pouces ecions he inemeie pies, which e pplie o plne fme moel of he pie. Bige Descipion 00'-0" 0'-0" 00'-0" Elevion 7.5" eck wih 0.5" scficil eph Meil Gies: f'c 7 KSI Elsewhee: f'c KSI 0.5" f 9'-0" 0 f W7G 8'0" 5'-0" 5'-0" 7 f f 7 f Typicl Pie Elevion Anlysis Gols The pupose of his nlysis is o eemine he following live lo cions in he op n oom of he column n in he fooing: Mximum xil foce n coesponing momens Mximum momens n coesponing xil foce Mximum shes Aiionlly he following live lo cions will e compue fo conolling esign poins in he coss em Mximum momen Mximum she Meil Popeies Le s egin he nlysis y eemining he meil popeies. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-

48 Los Chpe. Gies E c,000w.5 c f w c 0.60 KCF f c 7 KSI.5 E c, c KSI Coe efeence. Sl, Columns n Coss Bem E c,000w.5 c f w c 0.60 KCF f c KSI.5 E c, c KSI 5 Secion Popeies Compue he geomeic popeies of he gie, columns, n cp em. 5. Gie The composie gie secion popeies cn e oine fom he Secion Popeies Clculo in QConBige. A 5.6in I in 5. Column Popeies of n iniviul column cn e oine y simple fomul in 5 f f A 87in in 5 f f I 667in 6 6 Fo longiuinl nlysis we nee o popoion he column siffness o mch he siffness of single gie line. Fou gie lines fming ino wo column en pouce oion n xil eflecion une uni lo, he siffness of he column meme in he longiuinl nlysis moel nees o e 5% of h of he en o pouce he sme oion n eflecion une 5% of he lo. Fo longiuinl nlysis he secion popeies of he column meme e columns 87in pe column A in gie lines columns 667in pe column I 8086in gie lines Pge.-B- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

49 Chpe Los Coe efeence NOTE Fo columns of ohe shpes, n fo skewe ens, he popeies of he columns nee o e compue in he plne of he longiuinl fme, n he plne of he en fo use in ech nlysis especively. 5. Cp Bem Cp em popeies cn lso e oine y simple fomul in A w h f 9 f 695in I w h 5 f 5 f in 9 f in f 6 Longiuinl Anlysis The pupose of his nlysis, iniilly, is o eemine he mximum live lo ecions h will e pplie o he en. Afe nsvese nlysis is pefome, he esuls fom his nlysis will e scle y he nume of loe lnes cusing mximum esponses in he en n isiue o iniviul columns. The longiuinl nlysis consiss of pplying vious cominions of esign lne n esign ucks. The eils cn e foun in LFD Loing Now comes he icky p. How o you configue n posiion he esign vehicles o pouce mximum ecions? Whee o you pu he ul uck in, n wh hewy spcing o you use o mximize he esie foce effecs? If we look influence lines fo xil foce, momen, n she he op n oom of he column, he loing configuion ecomes ppen. 6.. Influence Lines The figues elow e influence lines fo xil foce, she, n momen he op of Pie fo uni lo moving long gie line. The influence lines fo he oom of he pie will e excly he sme, excep he momen influence will e iffeen y n moun equl o he she imes he pie heigh. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-

50 Los Chpe Coe efeence Axil She Momen To chieve he mximum compessive ecion, he lne lo nees o e in spns n, n he ul uck nee o sle he pie n e s close o ech ohe s possile. Th is, he minimum hewy spcing of 50 fee will mximize he compessive ecion. Mximum shes n momens occu une wo coniions. Fis, spns n e loe wih he lne lo n he ul uck in. The hewy spcing h cuses he mximum esponse is in he nge of fee. Secon, spn is loe wih he lne lo n he ul uck in. The hewy spcing is is minimum vlue of 50 f. Pge.-B- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

51 Chpe Los Anlyiclly fining he exc locion n hewy spcing of he ucks fo he exeme foce effecs is possile, u hly woh he effo. Sucul nlysis ools wih moving lo geneo, such s GTSTUDL, cn e use o quickly eemine he mximum foce effecs. Coe efeence 6. esuls A longiuinl nlysis is pefome using GTSTUDL. The eils of his nlysis e shown in Appenix A. The oucome of he longiuinl nlysis consiss of ul uck in n lne lo esuls. These esuls nee o e comine o pouce he complee live lo esponse. The Q 0. IM Dul Tuck Tin Lne Lo. complee esponse is compue s LL IM 9 The ynmic lo llownce (impc fco) is given y he LFD specificions s %. Noe h he ynmic lo llownce nee no e pplie o founion componens eniely elow goun level. This cuses us o comine he ul uck in n lne esponses fo coss ems n columns iffeenly hn fo fooings, piles, n shfs Comine Live Lo esponse The les elow summize he comine live lo esponse. The conolling lo cses e given in penheses. Mximum Axil Top of Pie Boom of Pie Axil (K/LANE) Coesponing Momen (K- FT/LANE) Coesponing Momen (K- FT/LANE) Dul Tuck Tin -7.9 (Loing ) Lne Lo -89. (Loing LS) LLIM (Column) LLIM (Fooing) -86. N/A 0.8 Mximum Momen Top of Pie Momen (K-FT/LANE) Dul Tuck Tin (Loing 08) Lne Lo -6. (Loing LS) -9. LLIM (Column) LLIM (Fooing) N/A N/A Coesponing Axil (K/LANE) WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-5

52 Los Chpe Coe efeence Mximum Momen Boom of Pie Momen (K-FT/LANE) Dul Tuck Tin 87.7 (Loing 08) Lne Lo 79.7 (Loing LS) -9. LLIM (Column) LLIM (Fooing) Mximum She She (K/LANE) Dul Tuck Tin.8 (Loing 08) Lne Lo.6 (Loing LS) LLIM (Column) 8. LLIM (Fooing).9 Coesponing Axil (K/LANE) 7 Tnsvese Anlysis Now h we hve he mximum lne ecions fom he longiuinl gie line nlysis, we nee o pply hese s los o he en fme. 7. Loing The mehoology fo pplying supesucue live lo ecions o susucue elemens is escie in he BDM. This mehoology consiss of pplying he wheel line ecions iecly o he cossem n vying he nume n posiion of esign lnes. Appenix B escies moeling echniques fo GTSTUDL. BDM 9...C 7. esuls 7.. Cp Bem Fo his exmple, we will look esuls fo hee esign poins, he lef n igh fce of he lef-hn column, n he mi-spn of he cp em. Noe h in he nlysis, he wheel line ecions wee pplie fom he lef hn sie of he en. This oes no esul in symmeicl se of loings. Howeve, ecuse his is symmeicl fme we expec symmeicl esuls. The conolling esuls fom he lef n igh hn poins A n B e use. Pge.-B-6 WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

53 Chpe Los Coe efeence A B C B A Fo he she esign of he cossem, he LFD specificions llow us o eemine he effecs of momens n shes on he cpciy of he secion using he mximum fcoe momens n shes secion. Hence, he esuls elow o no show he mximum shes n coesponing momens. C The les elow summize he esuls of he nsvese nlysis fo he cossem. The sic esuls e juse wih he muliple pesence fcos. The conolling lo cses e in penheses. Poin A She (K) Momen (K-FT) -Momen (K-FT) Foce Effec 0.7 (Loing 0-8. (09) 009) Muliple Pesence... Fco LLIM Poin B She (K) Momen (K-FT) -Momen (K-FT) Foce Effec 55.8 (Loing 0). (Loing 5) (Loing 09) Muliple Pesence.0.. Fco LLIM WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-7

54 Los Chpe Coe efeence Poin C She (K) Momen (K-FT) -Momen (K-FT) Foce Effec 87.9 (Loing 06) 6. (Loing 50) (Loing 09) Muliple Pesence.0.. Fco LLIM Columns The les elow show he live lo esuls he op n oom of column. The esuls e fcoe wih he ppopie muliple pesence fcos. Conolling los e in penheses. Mximum Axil Top of Column Boom of Column Axil (K) Coesponing Momen (K-FT) Coesponing Momen (K-FT) Foce Effec -7.6 (Loing ) Muliple Pesence Fco LLIM Mximum Momen Top of Column Momen (K-FT) Coesponing Axil (K) Foce Effec 59. (Loing 009) Muliple Pesence Fco.. LLIM Mximum Momen Boom of Column Momen (K-FT) Coesponing Axil (K) Foce Effec -5.6 (Loing 09) 55.6 Muliple Pesence Fco.. LLIM Mximum She She (K) Foce Effec -.0 (Loing 09) Muliple Pesence Fco. LLIM Fooings Even hough we in pefom he nsvese nlysis wih he fooing los, we cn sill oin he esuls. Assuming we hve line elsic sysem, he pinciple of Pge.-B-8 WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

55 Chpe Los supeposiion cn e use. The fooing esuls e simply he column esuls scle y he io of he fooing lo o he column lo. Fo his cse, he scle fco is Coe efeence Mximum Axil Axil (K) Coesponing Momen (K-FT) LLIM -9.9 Mximum Momen Momen (K-FT) Coesponing Axil (K) LLIM Mximum She She (K) LLIM Comining Longiuinl n Tnsvese esuls To ge he full se of column foces, he esuls fom he longiuinl n nsvese nlyses nee o e comine. ecll h he longiuinl nlysis pouce momens, shes, n xil lo fo single loe lne whees he nsvese nlysis pouce column n fooing foces fo muliple loe lnes. Befoe we cn comine he foce effecs we nee o eemine he pe column foce effec fom he longiuinl nlysis. To o his, we look he xil foce esuls in nsvese moel o eemine he lne fcion h is pplie o ech column. Fo mximum xil lo, lnes. K/LANE pouce n xil foce of 7.6 K. The lne fcion cie y he column is 7.6/(*.) (78.5%). Mz (-50.9 K-FT/LANE)( LANES)(0.785)(.0) K-FT (Top of Column) Mz (5.5 K-FT/LANE)( LANES)(0.785)(.0) 9.9 K-FT (Boom of Column) Mz (0.8 K-FT/LANE)( LANES)(0.785)(.0) 6.7 K-FT (Fooing) Fo mximum momen (n she ecuse he sme loing govens) he op of he column, lne. K/LANE pouces n xil foce of 8.7. (8.7/..). % of he lne ecion is cie y he column. Mz (-05.0)(.)(.) -77. K-FT Vx (8.)(.)(.) 66. K (Column) Vx (.9)(.)(.) 55. K (Fooing) Fo mximum momen he oom of he column, lne. K/LANE pouces n xil foce of 6. K.(6./. 0.9) 9% of he lne ecion is cie y he column. Mz (506.)(0.9)(.) 76. K-FT (Column) Mz (0.7)(0.9)(.) 6. K-FT (Fooing) WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-9

56 Los Chpe Py Compession < 0 Ahe on Sion Mz Vz Coe efeence Mx Vx Vx n Mz eemine fom Longiuinl Anlysis Py, Vz n Mx eemine fom Tnsvese Anlysis Column Lo Cse Mximum Mximum Mximum Mximum She Axil Top Axil Boom Momen Top Momen Boom Axil (K) Mx (K FT) Mz (K FT) Vx (K) 66. Vz (K) -. Fooing Lo Cses Mximum Mximum She Axil Momen Boom Axil (K) Mx (K FT) Mz (K FT) Vx (K) 7.7 Vz (K) Skew Effecs This nlysis ecomes only slighly moe complice when he pie is skewe wih espec o he ceneline of he ige. The esuls of he longiuinl nlysis nee o e juse fo skew efoe eing pplie o he nsvese moel. Pge.-B-0 WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

57 Chpe Los The shes n momens pouce y he longiuinl nlysis e in he plne of he longiuinl moel. These foce vecos hve componens h e pojece ino he plne of he nsvese moel s show in he figue elow. The nsvese moel loing mus inclue hese foces n momens fo ech wheel line lo. Likewise, he skew juse esuls fom he longiuinl nlysis nee o e use when comining esuls fom he nsvese nlysis. Coe efeence M V x V M y V y M x 0 Summy This exmple emonses meho fo nlyzing ige pies sujece o he LFD HL-9 live lo. Ohe hn he loing, he nlysis poceue is he sme s fo he AASHTO Sn Specificions. WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-

58 Los Chpe Appenix A Longiuinl Anlysis Deils This ppenix shows he longiuinl nlysis eils. In he live lo geneion poion of he GTSTUDL inpu, you will see muliple ils fo live lo nlysis. Ech il uses iffeen nge of hewys pcing fo he ul uck in. The fis il vies he hewy spcing fom 80 o 05 fee. Bse on his, ighe nge eween 9 n 98 fee ws use o ge he hewy spcing coesponing o he mximum los coec o wihin foo. Coe efeence Commecil Sofwe ighs Legen Any use, uplicion o isclosue of his sofwe y o fo he U.S. Govenmen shll e esice o he ems of license geemen in cconce wih he cluse DFAS This compue sofwe is n unpulishe wok conining vlule e seces owne y he Geogi Tech esech Copoion (GTC). No ccess, use, nsfe, uplicion o isclosue heeof my e me excep une license geemen execue y GTC o is uhoize epesenives n no igh, ile o inees heeo is conveye o gne heein, nowihsning eceip o possession heeof. Decompilion of he ojec coe is sicly pohiie. Geogi Tech esech Copoion Geogi Insiue of Technology Aln, Geogi 0 U.S.A. Copyigh (c) 00 GTC ALL IGHTS ESEVED. # We Nov 9 08:57:0 00 GTICES/C-NP.5.0 MD-NT.0, Jnuy 995. Popiey o Geogi Tech esech Copoion, U.S.A. eing psswo file J:\GTSTUDL\Gccess6. CI-i-ufile, Commn AUDIT file FILE0857.u hs een cive. *** G T S T U D L *** ELEASE DATE VESION COMPLETION NO. Feuy, **** ACTIVE UNITS - LENGTH WEIGHT ANGLE TEMPEATUE TIME **** ASSUMED TO BE INCH POUND ADIAN FAHENHEIT SECOND { } > $ { } > $ This is he Common Sup Mco; pu you compny-wie sup commns hee. { } > $ You cn ei his file fom Tools -- Mcos. Click "Sup" n hen "Ei". { } > $ { } > CINPUT 'C:\Documens n Seings\ice\My Documens\BDM\HL9 Live Lo - Pge.-B- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

59 Chpe Los Coe efeence { } >_Anlysis of Pies\Longiuinl.gi' { } > $ { } > $ Live Lo Pie Anlysis Exmple { 5} > $ Longiuinl Anysis o eemine mximum lne ecions { 6} > $ { 7} > $ { 8} > STUDL ******************************************************************** * * * ****** G T S T U D L * * ******** * * ** ** * * ** ***** ****** ***** ** ** ***** ** * * ** ********** ****** ****** ****** ** ** ****** ** * * ** ********** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * * ** **** ***** ** ****** ** ** ** ** ** * * ********** ***** ** ***** ** ** ** ** ** * * ****** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * * ** ****** ** ** ** ****** ****** ****** * * ** ***** ** ** ** **** ***** ****** * * ** * * ** OWNED BY AND POPIETAY TO THE * * ** GEOGIA TECH ESEACH COPOATION * * * * ELEASE DATE VESION COMPLETION NO. * * Feuy, * * * ******************************************************************** **** ACTIVE UNITS - LENGTH WEIGHT ANGLE TEMPEATUE TIME **** ASSUMED TO BE INCH POUND ADIAN FAHENHEIT SECOND { 9} > TYPE PLANE FAME XY { 0} > OUTPUT LONG NAME { } > UNITS FEET KIPS { } > $ { } > JOINT COODINATES { } > $ Nme X coo Y coo WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-

60 Los Chpe Coe efeence { 5} > $ { 6} > { 7} > { 8} > { 9} > { 0} > S { } > S { } > $ { } > $ { } > $ Bouny coniions { 5} > $ --- olle joins: oion hoiz. nslion { 6} > DEFINE GOUP 'olle' ADD JOINTS { 7} > STATUS SUPPOT JOINT GOUP 'olle' { 8} > JOINT GP 'olle' ELEASES FOCE X MOM Z { 9} > $ { 0} > MEMBE INCIDENCES { } > $ Nme S join En join { } > $ { } > { } > { 5} > { 6} > 5 { 7} > 5 6 { 8} > $ { 9} > $ Popeies { 0} > UNITS INCHES { } > MEMBE POPETIES { } > TO AX 55 IZ { } > TO 5 AX IZ 8086 { } > { 5} > CONSTANTS { 6} > E 5588 MEMBES TO { 7} > E MEMBES TO 5 { 8} > $ { 9} > $ Loings { 50} > UNITS KIP FEET { 5} > $ { 5} > $ --- Lne Los --- { 5} > LOADING 'LS' 'Lo lo in spn n ' { 5} > MEMBE LOAD FOCE Y UNIFOM FAcTIONAL LA 0.0 LB.0 { 55} > { 56} > LOADING 'LS' 'Lo lo in spn n ' { 57} > MEMBE LOAD FOCE Y UNIFOM FAcTIONAL LA 0.0 LB.0 { 58} > { 59} > LOADING 'LS' 'Lo lo in spn ' Pge.-B- WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

61 Chpe Los Coe efeence { 60} > MEMBE LOAD FOCE Y UNIFOM FAcTIONAL LA 0.0 LB.0 { 6} > { 6} > LOADING 'LS' 'Lo lo in spn ' { 6} > MEMBE LOAD FOCE Y UNIFOM FAcTIONAL LA 0.0 LB.0 { 6} > { 65} > $ --- Dul Tuck Tin --- { 66} > { 67} > $$ --- TIAL - (GOAL: Deemine ppoxime hewy spcing) { 68} > $$ --- ESULTS: Mximums occue fo hewy spcings of 50' n 05' { 69} > $$ --- Lo ID Legen { 70} > $$ - ID 000 TO 999, 50' Hewy Spcing { 7} > $$ - ID 000 TO 999, 80' Hewy Spcing { 7} > $$ - ID 000 TO 999, 85' Hewy Spcing { 7} > $$ - ID 000 TO 999, 90' Hewy Spcing { 7} > $$ - ID 5000 TO 5999, 95' Hewy Spcing { 75} > $$ - ID 6000 TO 6999, 00' Hewy Spcing { 76} > $$ - ID 7000 TO 7999, 05' Hewy Spcing { 77} > $MOVING LOAD GENEATO { 78} > $ { 79} > $SUPESTUCTUE FO MEMBES TO { 80} > $TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 8} > $GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { 8} > $ { 8} > $TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 8} > $GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { 85} > $ { 86} > $TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 87} > $GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { 88} > $ { 89} > $TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 90} > $GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { 9} > $ { 9} > $TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 9} > $GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 5000 PINT OFF { 9} > $ { 95} > $TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 96} > $GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 6000 PINT OFF { 97} > $ { 98} > $TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 99} > $GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 7000 PINT OFF { 00} > $ { 0} > $END LOAD GENEATO { 0} > { 0} > $ --- TIAL - (GOAL: Deemine exeme vlues using efine hewy spcing) { 0} > $ --- Lo ID Legen WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-5

62 Los Chpe Coe efeence { 05} > $ - ID 000 TO 999, 50' Hewy Spcing { 06} > $ - ID 000 TO 999, 9' Hewy Spcing { 07} > $ - ID 000 TO 999, 9' Hewy Spcing { 08} > $ - ID 000 TO 999, 95' Hewy Spcing { 09} > $ - ID 5000 TO 5999, 96' Hewy Spcing { 0} > $ - ID 6000 TO 6999, 97' Hewy Spcing { } > $ - ID 7000 TO 7999, 98' Hewy Spcing { } > { } > MOVING LOAD GENEATO { } > { 5} > SUPESTUCTUE FO MEMBES TO { 6} > TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 7} > GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { 8} > { 9} > TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 0} > GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { } > { } > TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { } > GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { } > { 5} > TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 6} > GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 000 PINT OFF { 7} > { 8} > TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 9} > GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 5000 PINT OFF { 0} > { } > TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { } > GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 6000 PINT OFF { } > { } > TUCK FWD GENEAL TUCK { 5} > GENEATE LOAD INITIAL 7000 PINT OFF { 6} > { 7} > END LOAD GENEATO *** OUT OF MOVING LOAD GENEATO { 8} > $ { 9} > $ Anlysis { 0} > $ { } > STIFFNESS ANALYSIS TIME FO CONSISTENCY CHECKS FO 5 MEMBES 0.06 SECONDS TIME FO BANDWIDTH EDUCTION 0.00 SECONDS TIME TO GENEATE 5 ELEMENT STIF. MATICES 0.05 SECONDS TIME TO POCESS 7 MEMBE LOADS 0.05 SECONDS TIME TO ASSEMBLE THE STIFFNESS MATIX 0.0 SECONDS TIME TO POCESS 6 JOINTS 0.0 SECONDS TIME TO SOLVE WITH PATITIONS 0.0 SECONDS Pge.-B-6 WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05

63 Chpe Los Coe efeence TIME TO POCESS 6 JOINT DISPLACEMENTS 0.0 SECONDS TIME TO POCESS 5 ELEMENT DISTOTIONS 0.0 SECONDS TIME FO STATICS CHECK 0.0 SECONDS { } > $ { } > $ esuls { } > $ { 5} > OUTPUT BY MEMBE { 6} > { 7} > $ Dul Tuck esuls Envelope (op n oom of pie) { 8} > LOAD LIST 000 TO 7999 { 9} > LIST FOCE ENVELOPE MEMBE SECTION FACTIONAL NS **************************** *ESULTS OF LATEST ANALYSES* **************************** POBLEM - NONE TITLE - NONE GIVEN ACTIVE UNITS FEET KIP AD DEGF SEC INTENAL MEMBE ESULTS MEMBE FOCE ENVELOPE MEMBE DISTANCE / FOCE // MOMENT / FOM STAT AXIAL Y SHEA Z SHEA TOSION Y BENDING Z BENDING.000 F WSDOT Bige Design Mnul M -50. Apil 05 Pge.-B-7