Harvard referencing guide for Engineering and Informatics

Transcription

1 Harvard referencing guide for Engineering and Informatics A library guide to using Harvard Referencing Style for Engineering and Informatics students. The University of Bradford retains copyright for this material, which may not be reproduced without prior written permission. If you need to view this document in an alternative format or have any comments on the content lib-webadmin@bradford.ac.uk. August 2014

2 Contents Introduction... 1 Why do I have to reference?... 1 How to reference using the Harvard style... 1 What is the reference list?... 1 How do I cite the references in the text?... 1 Do I include page numbers in the citation?... 2 A direct quotation:... 2 Paraphrasing:... 2 If I read a book that cites another author s work and I want to use it, how do I reference it?... 2 Secondary referencing:... 2 What abbreviations can I use?... 2 Should I use the full web site address?... 3 Points to remember... 3 I need to reference something that isn t in this document... 3 Book... 3 : Chapter in an edited book... 4 : Electronic book (e-book)... 4 Journal article... 5 : of electronic journal article with doi (Digital Object Identifier)... 5 Full conference proceedings Conference paper Conference paper published on the internet

3 ... 7 Webpage Standard published on the internet Patent Dissertation or Thesis Ordnance Survey map Online map Report- for example a market research report Lecturers notes/ presentation/ handout Visual source from a book or journal article- e.g. illustration/ figure/ diagram/ table Photograph from online collection Online video- for example, film on YouTube Film August 2014

4 Film on a DVD or Blu-ray Episode of television programme Episode of a television programme on a DVD or Blu-ray Computer game Further help This is an example of how your reference list should look: List August 2014

5 Introduction Why do I have to reference? To avoid plagiarism. To enable a reader to trace your sources. To enable a reader to distinguish your ideas from someone else s and show the range of your reading. To support your ideas, theories and add credibility. Students in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering use an IEEE referencing style. It is important to check with your lecturers you are using the correct style. How to reference using the Harvard style There are two parts to referencing using the Harvard style: the reference list and citing the references in the text. What is the reference list? This appears at the end of your document. It is the list of the sources that you have used. (It is not added to your word count). The references should contain enough detail to enable another reader to find and locate the exact text you are referring to. How do I cite the references in the text? When you refer to another document you must acknowledge this within the text of your work, by citing the author s surname and the date of publication. For a single author: Ashby (2005) explains that there are a vast amount of materials to choose from and. For up to three authors: When citing something written by up to three authors list them all. Wang and Roush (2000) agree that.. For four or more authors: For more than three authors cite the first name listed followed by et al. 1 August 2014

6 Wiedemeier et al. (1999) define natural attenuation of fuels and chlorinated solvents in their book as.. Do I include page numbers in the citation? If you quote the exact words of your source, or copy an image, table or illustration, you need to include the page number where you found your quotation. If you paraphrase (put the information from the source into your own words) you do not need to include the page number. A direct quotation: The engineer is the driver of engineering design. To achieve engineering success, an engineer needs to understand and avoid potential failures that may occur down the road. (Wang and Roush, 2000, p.1) Paraphrasing: An engineer may have to overcome failure to achieve success. (Wang and Roush, 2000) If I read a book that cites another author s work and I want to use it, how do I reference it? Secondary referencing: This is explained clearly by Pears and Shields as, "In some cases you will read a source that refers to the work of someone else, known as a secondary source. Preferably you should find and read the item referred to. However, where this is not possible and you still wish to include the work referred to, you can mention it as a citation, known as secondary referencing. (2010, p.8) You must cite the authors of the book you are using and the page number where they use the authors work you want to refer to. : Handy and Spangler (2007, p.793) use a table that has been modified from the data of Robertson and Campanella (1983) in figure 26.8 to illustrate the friction angle of sand related to cone bearing value. What abbreviations can I use? 1. Abbreviate editor to (ed.). 2. Abbreviate edition to edn. 2 August 2014

7 Should I use the full web site address? Harvard referencing guide for Engineering and Informatics You don t have to put in the whole URL (web address). Cut it down so that it gives the reader enough information to identify the journal article / web page. Points to remember 1. Write all the authors names in the reference list, not just the first two and et al. 2. Your reference list should be in alphabetical order. (A - Z). 3. Always write the surname (family name) first followed by initials of personal names. 4. Only use a capital letter for the first significant word in the title. (Except when you are writing a journal title). 5. You may see an issue called a part or number instead; it may be shown with a number, a month name, or a letter. It is the part within the year. For example, you may see Volume 5, issue 6 ; Volume 5, number 6, Volume 5, June issue, or Volume 5, supplement II. All of those are ways of showing which part of the volume you are looking at. 6. You can usually find the issue number and volume on the front cover. 7. If you are using a doi (Digital Object Identifier) replace Available at: with doi: and write the number. 8. You will often see the information in a different order on the journal article PDF, or the cover of the book, from how we show it here- for example, they often write the author s name in the order personal name then surname. Make sure you don t just copy this into your reference, but change it so that it follows the rules of the Harvard style- for example, surname then initial of personal name. 9. Place of publication means town or city. Not country, and not street address. I need to reference something that isn t in this document There are more examples of references for different kinds of source in Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. (Copies are in the JB Priestley Library at classmark PEA.) Book : Author / editor (surname followed by initials). Title (In italics). Edition (Only include the edition if it is not the first one). 3 August 2014

8 Place of publication: publisher. Series (where relevant). Ashby (2005) explains that. Ashby, M.F. (2005) Materials selection in mechanical design. 3rd edn. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Chapter in an edited book : Author(s) of chapter or section (surname followed by initials). Title of chapter or section: subtitle if it has one (in single quotation marks) then in. Editor(s) of book (surname followed by initials) then ed. (in round brackets) if there is one editor or eds. (in round brackets) if there are more than one. Title of book: subtitle if it has one (in italics). Place of publication: publisher. pp. then the page numbers where the chapter starts and ends. Gagvani (2008) discusses problems with video Gagvani, N. (2008). Challenges in video analytics, in Kisacanin, B., Bhattacharyya, S.S., and Chai, S. (eds.) Embedded computer vision. London: Springer, pp Electronic book (e-book) If the online source includes the same details as the print version, reference it in the same way. On some devices the specific page details are not available. Use the information you do have, for example (Brasier, 2009, 70%). 4 August 2014

9 Journal article Harvard referencing guide for Engineering and Informatics As the majority of journal articles are available online, you only need to include enough information to let your reader find the article. Usually this means you don t need to include the URL. If you are specifically referencing an abstract of a journal article your citation should make this clear. : Author(s) of article (surname followed by initials). Title of article: subtitle if it has one (in single quotation marks). Title of journal (in italics capitalise first letter of each word in title, except for linking words such as and, of, the, for). Issue information, that is, volume number (not in brackets) and, where applicable, the part number, supplement number, or month/season of the issue (in round brackets). pp. then the page numbers where the article starts and ends. doi (if available). who present a useful framework for analysis (Sanchez et al., 2012) Sanchez, J.L.G., Vela, F.L.G., Simarro, F.M. and Padilla-Zea, N. (2012) Playability: analysing user experience in video games, Behaviour and Information Technology, 31(10), pp of electronic journal article with doi (Digital Object Identifier) Lukens (2013) explores issues relating to... Lukens, J (2013) DIY infrastructure and the scope of design practice. Design Issues, 29(3), pp doi: /DESI_a_ August 2014

10 Full conference proceedings Harvard referencing guide for Engineering and Informatics Editor(s) (surname followed by initials) or author (usually the organisation that ran the conference) of the proceedings. Title of conference: subtitle if it has one (in italics). Location and date of conference. Place of publication: publisher. the conference (IEEE, 2014) IEEE (2014) International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology (ICAST). CSIR International Conference Centre, Pretoria, November New York: IEEE. Conference paper Author (surname followed by initials). Title of paper (in single quotation marks). Title of conference: subtitle (in italics). Location and date of conference. Place of publication: publisher. Page numbers. Corfield (1992) discovered that 6 August 2014

11 Corfield, K. (1992) Engineering as a liberal art., International, quality and environmental issues: proceedings of the 3rd world conference on engineering education, vol.1. University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, September. Southampton: Computational Mechanics Publications, pp Conference paper published on the internet Authors (s) (surname followed by initials). Title of paper: subtitle if it has one (in single quotation marks). Title of conference: subtitle if it has one (in italics). Location and date of conference. Publisher. Available at: URL, or doi if available. (Accessed: date) - not required when doi is used. in a recent paper (Paul et al., 2014), the authors suggest Paul, J., Stechele, W., Kroehnert, M. and Asfour, T. (2014). Improving efficiency of embedded multi-core platforms with scratchpad memories, 27 th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS), Luebeck, Germany, February. VDE Verlag. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). Webpage Author of page- may be a person (give surname and initials) or an organisation (give name as listed on the website s home page). Year page was published or last updated (in round brackets). 7 August 2014

12 Title of web page (in italics). Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). s Qualifications exist for the field (British Computer Society, 2014). A simple guide has been created by Marshall (2014). s British Computer Society (2014). IT user qualifications. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). Marshall, B. (2014) How two-stroke engines work. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). Standard published on the internet Name of authorising organisation. Number and title of standard (in italics). Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). The standard (British Standards Institution, 2013) prescribes how to British Standards Institution (2013) BS ISO/IEC 27001:2013: Information technology: security techniques: information security management systems: requirements. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). 8 August 2014

13 Patent Harvard referencing guide for Engineering and Informatics Inventor(s) name (surname followed by initials). Title (in italics). Authorising organisation. Patent number. Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). The cleaning head patented by Allard, Dyson and Spaven (2006). Allard, R.J.W., Dyson, J. and Spaven, J.W. (2006) A Cleaning Head. UK Patent Office Patent no. GB B. Available at: (Accessed: 10 January 2011). Dissertation or Thesis Author. Year of submission (in round brackets). Title of thesis (in italics). Degree awarded. Body who awarded the degree. If you viewed the thesis online: Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). 9 August 2014

14 s In a previous Masters dissertation (Khan, 2009) the review found Yulei (2010) shows that in practice s Khan, M.K.H. (2009) Simulation study of VLANS, and security issues. MSc dissertation. University of Bradford. Yulei, W. (2010) Performance modelling and evaluation of heterogeneous wired / wireless networks under Bursty Traffic: analytical models for performance analysis of communication networks in multi-computer systems, multi-cluster systems, and integrated wireless systems. PhD thesis. University of Bradford. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). Ordnance Survey map Ordnance Survey. Title (in italics). Sheet number, scale. Place of publication: publisher. Series (in round brackets). The water features are displayed in the Anglesey East OS map (Ordnance Survey, 1999). Ordnance Survey (1999) Anglesey East, sheet 263, 1:25,000. Southampton: Ordnance Survey (Explorer series). 10 August 2014

15 Online map Harvard referencing guide for Engineering and Informatics Map publisher. Title of map section (in single quotation marks). Sheet number or tile, scale. Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). An Ordnance Survey map (2010) was used for the CAD design Ordnance Survey (2010) University of Bradford 1:1,250. Available at: (Accessed: 12 January 2011). Report- for example a market research report Author or organisation. Title of report (in italics). Place of publication: publisher. OR if accessed on the internet: Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). s The energy market is predicted to grow (Keynote, 2010). 11 August 2014

16 Workability was quantified by the ACI Committee (2008), who found s ACI Committee (2008) Report on measurements of workability and rheology of fresh concrete, 238. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute. Keynote (2010) Energy industry: market review. Available at: (Accessed: 12 January 2011). Lecturers notes/ presentation/ handout Author or Lecturer s name (surname followed by initials). Title of item (in single quotation marks). Name of academic module (in italics). Available at: URL of VLE (Virtual Learning Environment e.g. Blackboard). (Accessed: date). Keeble (2011) noted that Keeble, D. (2011) Week 1: File Management and compression. ENG0018M Information and Communication Technologies. Available at: (Accessed: 21 June 2011). Visual source from a book or journal article- e.g. illustration/ figure/ diagram/ table Author of book (surname followed by initials). Title of book (in italics). Edition. 12 August 2014

17 Place of publication: publisher. Page number of illustration etc. Illus. / fig. / diagram / logo / table (followed by number if known). Handy and Spangler (2007) show that.. Handy, R.L. and Spangler, M.G. (2007) Geotechnical Engineering, 5th edn. London: McGraw-Hill, p. 352, fig Photograph from online collection Photographer. Title of photograph (in italics). Available at: URL. (Accessed / downloaded: date). Ali s (2008) photograph of wind turbines Ali, K. (2008) Wind turbine. Available at: (Downloaded: 23 July 2014). Online video- for example, film on YouTube Name of creator (often the person who posted the video). Year video was posted (in round brackets). 13 August 2014

18 Title of film, programme or video (in italics). Available at: URL. (Accessed: date). The video (BBC, 2009) shows that natural disasters.. If you are talking about a specific moment in the video, include the timestamp in your sentence. the contribution of water damage can be seen at 2m33s in to the video (BBC, 2009). BBC (2009) BBC-five disasters waiting to happen Part 1. Available at: (Accessed: 23 July 2014). Film Title of film (in italics). Year of distribution (in round brackets). Directed by name of director (personal name followed by surname). [Film]. Place of distribution: distribution company. After a disaster, genetically evolving apes in Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014). Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014) Directed by Matt Reeves [Film]. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox. 14 August 2014

19 Film on a DVD or Blu-ray Title of film (in italics). Year of distribution (in round brackets). Directed by name of director (personal name followed by surname). [DVD] or [Blu-ray]. Place of distribution: distribution company. The stylised violence in Reservoir Dogs (1992) Reservoir Dogs (1992) Directed by Quentin Tarantino [DVD]. Los Angeles: Miramax Episode of television programme Title of episode (in single quotation marks). Year of broadcast (in round brackets). Title of programme/series (in italics). Series number, episode number. Name of channel. Broadcast date (Day and month). Torchwood s adult tag was earned, for example, in Day Two (2009), when Day Two (2009) Torchwood: children of Earth, Series 3, episode 2. BBC One, 7 July. 15 August 2014

20 Episode of a television programme on a DVD or Blu-ray Title of episode (in single quotation marks). Year of distribution (in round brackets). Title of programme/series (in italics). Series and episode numbers (if known). Director of episode (personal name followed by surname). Writer of episode (personal name followed by surname). Date of original broadcast (if known). [DVD] or [Blu-ray]. Place of distribution: distribution company. From early in the series, eg The Chimes of Big Ben (2008) the same quality is evident The Chimes of Big Ben (2008) The Prisoner, Series 1, episode 2. Directed by Don Chaffey. Written by Vincent Tilsley. First broadcast 1967 [DVD] London: Network. Computer game Author (if given) - may be a person (surname followed by initials) or organisation (give name as listed on the version of the game you have). Date (if given) (in round brackets). Title of game (in italics). [Computer game]. For console/cartridge games: Distributor, address (if given). For online or downloadable games: Available at: URL. 16 August 2014

21 (Accessed: date) OR (Downloaded: date). s An MMORPG like World of Warcraft (Blizzard Entertainment, 2007) has little in common with the original Wii Fit game from Nintendo (2008) except its popularity. s Blizzard Entertainment (2007) World of Warcraft [Computer game]. Available at: (Downloaded: 12 December 2012). Nintendo (2008) Wii Fit [Computer game]. Nintendo UK. Further help Subject Librarian for Engineering: Kirsty Carver, Room 1.5, J.B. Priestley Library, k.carver@bradford.ac.uk. Subject Librarian for Informatics: Jennifer Rowland, Room 1.7, J.B. Priestley Library, j.rowland2@bradford.ac.uk Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. (Classmark: PEA) Workshops: Look out for drop in sessions on Endnote and Referencing. Endnote X7/Endnote basic: Bibliographic software programme designed to help you format and organise your references. Please use output style: Harvard (EI). This is an example of how your reference list should look: List ACI Committee (2008) Report on measurements of workability and rheology of fresh concrete, 238. Farmington Hills: American Concrete Institute. Ali, K. (2008) Wind turbine. Available at: (Downloaded: 23 July 2014). Allard, R.J.W., Dyson, J. and Spaven, J.W. (2006) A cleaning head. UK Patent Office Patent no. GB B. Available at: (Accessed: 10 January 2011). Ashby, M.F. (2005) Materials selection in mechanical design. 3rd edn. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. 17 August 2014

22 BBC (2009) BBC-five disasters waiting to happen Part 1. Available at: (Accessed: 23 July 2014). Blizzard Entertainment (2007) World of Warcraft [Computer game]. Available at: (Downloaded: 12 December 2012). British Computer Society (2014). IT user qualifications. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). British Standards Institution (2013) BS ISO/IEC 27001:2013: Information technology: security techniques: information security management systems: requirements. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). Corfield, K. (1992) Engineering as a liberal art., International, quality and environmental issues: proceedings of the 3rd world conference on engineering education, vol.1. University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, September. Southampton: Computational Mechanics Publications, pp Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014) Directed by Matt Reeves [Film]. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox. Day Two (2009) Torchwood: children of Earth, Series 3, episode 2. BBC One, 7 July. Gagvani, N. (2008). Challenges in video analytics, in Kisacanin, B., Bhattacharyya, S.S., and Chai, S. (eds.) Embedded computer vision. London: Springer, pp Handy, R.L. and Spangler, M.G. (2007) Geotechnical engineering: soil and foundation principles and practice. 5th edn. London: McGraw-Hill. fig IEEE (2014) International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology (ICAST). CSIR International Conference Centre, Pretoria, November New York: IEEE. Keeble, D. (2011) Week 1: File Management and compression. ENG0018M Information and Communication Technologies. Available at: (Accessed: 21 June 2011). Keynote (2010) 'Energy industry: market review.' Available at: (Accessed: 12 January 2011).Khan, M.K.H. (2009) Simulation study of VLANS, and security issues. MSc dissertation. University of Bradford. Lukens, J (2013) DIY infrastructure and the scope of design practice. Design Issues, 29(3), pp doi: /DESI_a_ Marshall, B. (2014) How two-stroke engines work. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). Nintendo (2008) Wii Fit [Computer game]. Nintendo UK. Ordnance Survey (1999) Anglesey East,sheet 263, 1:25, 000. Southampton: Ordnance Survey (Explorer series). 18 August 2014

23 Ordnance Survey (2010) University of Bradford, 1:1,250. Available at: (Accessed: 12 January 2011). Paul, J., Stechele, W., Kroehnert, M. and Asfour, T. (2014). Improving efficiency of embedded multi-core platforms with scratchpad memories, 27 th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS), Luebeck, Germany, February. VDE Verlag. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). Reservoir Dogs (1992) Directed by Quentin Tarantino [DVD]. Los Angeles: Miramax. Sanchez, J.L.G., Vela, F.L.G., Simarro, F.M. and Padilla-Zea, N. (2012) Playability: analysing user experience in video games, Behaviour and Information Technology, 31(10), pp The Chimes of Big Ben (2008) The Prisoner, Series 1, episode 2. Directed by Don Chaffey. Written by Vincent Tilsley. First broadcast 1967 [DVD] London: Network. Yulei, W. (2010) Performance modelling and evaluation of heterogeneous wired / wireless networks under Bursty Traffic: analytical models for performance analysis of communication networks in multi-computer systems, multi-cluster systems, and integrated wireless systems. PhD thesis. University of Bradford. Available at: (Accessed: 22 July 2014). 19 August 2014