EAFIT University School of Business Administration International Business Department

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1 EAFIT University School of Business Administration International Business Department Submission Guideline for Text Documents Version 12 December 2002 Presented to Professors of the International Business Department By Professors of the International Business Department 12 December 2002

2 Submission Guideline for Text Documents I Table of Contents Page 1. Overview Title Page 2 3. Abstract/Executive Summary Table of Contents Figures and Tables Introduction 6 7. Conclusion Recommendation Referencing Textual References for Print Material Textual References for Electronic Sources List of References Further readings. 16

3 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 1 1. Overview The instructions provided here are for papers written within the Departamento de Negocios Internacionales. All sections of the paper should be typed, 1,5-spaced on white 216 x 279 mm paper with fontsize 12 and fonttype Arial or Times New Roman. The margins should be set as followed: left 3 cm, right 2 cm, up 3 cm, down 2 cm. The document should be delivered in a black plastic comb binding (plastic ring binding) with the following covers: transparent (front), black (back). The paper must have all the sections in the order given below, following the specifications outlined for each section (sections in [...] are not necessarily required please check with the supervisor of your paper for the specific requirements): Titel Page Abstract [Executive Summary] Table of Contents [List of Figures] [List of Tables] [List of Abbreviations] Introduction Main Text Conclusion [Recommendation] References [Appendices]

4 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 2 2. Title Page The title page contains three parts: The first part of the page displays the name of the department, the name of the subject, the name of the coordinator and the logos of the University and the department (fontsize 14, bold). The middle part displays the title of the paper (fontsize 14, bold). The third part of the page displays the type of paper and information regarding the author(s) (in italic) and supervisor(s) (in italic) of the paper (fontsize 12, normal).

5 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 3 Example EAFIT University School of Business Administration International Business Department Course Name Name of the Course Coordinator Title Type of work (Coursework, Graduationwork, Project etc.) Presented to Name of the Professor By Name of the Student(s) and Student Code(s) Submission date

6 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 4 3. Abstract/Executive Summary The abstract follows the title page and is limited to one page and contains the header Abstract. The abstract should be written in paragraph form and should be a concise summary of the entire paper. For the purpose of writing a business report, the abstract might be replaced through the Executive Summary which contains a precise statement of the issues and the main recommendations of the report. It should allow the reader to get acquainted with the problem(s) and recommended solutions before reading the report. The Abstract or Executive Summary is written after the report has been completed. Therefore, it must not include new information which is not mentioned in the paper. 4. Table of Contents The structure of the paper is represented in the table of contents. Generally the pages are numbered by using Arabic numerals (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 etc.). The table of contents and, if necessary, the list of figures/-tables/-abbreviations should be given Roman numerals (i.e. I, II, III, IV etc.).

7 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 5 Example Table of Contents Page List of Figures... II List of Tables. III List of Abbreviations IV 1. Introduction Problem definition Structure First Main-Chapter Second Main-Chapter etc. 29 n. Conclusion. 32 References Appendices.. 39

8 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 6 5. Figures and Tables Figures and tables should be framed and require a numbering, a title and the source of information (textual reference). An adaptation of the figure or table from the original needs to be mentioned (Example: Source: Adapted from Bearden, Ingram and LaForge 2001, p. 16). When including figures and tables in the paper, it is necessary to keep them as close to the text that refers to them as possible. Figures should not substitute an explanation of the material. The figure must also be explained in the written part of the paper. If the paper contains a variety of figures and tables, they should be listed in a separate List of Figures and List of Tables. Example Figure 1: A contemporary marketing framework. Source: Bearden, Ingram and LaForge 2001, p Introduction The introduction part of the paper contains the following two elements: the problem definition and the explanation of the structure of the paper. The chapter Problem definition introduces the main point of the paper and clearly and concisely let the reader know what the paper is all about by describing the objective, the

9 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 7 purpose and use of the paper. Furthermore, it might be required to conclude this part with a thesis statement - the objective to be discussed, demonstrated and/or defended in the paper. A thesis statement is not merely a repetition of the topic or question assigned, but instead, is a positive and definite statement in which the objective is clearly stated. The chapter Structure explains the structure of the paper (which is reflected in the table of contents) and method that is used to tackle the issue addressed in the Problem definition part. In case of writing a research paper, it is also necessary to mention the kind of sources that are used to investigate the problem (primary data, secondary data, media etc.). 7. Conclusion The conclusion links the objective, the purpose and use of the paper with the findings to assess the facts. Draws together the main points of the report, presents an overview, and looks at future consequences. No new data should arise here. If a thesis statement was developed in the introduction part, the conclusion should briefly draw together the evidence and reaffirm the thesis statement by summarizing what the paper argues or sets out to demonstrate. A conclusion may lead to recommendations if these arise from the conclusion. 8. Recommendation Recommendations should follow logically on from the conclusion, and be specific, measurable and achievable. They should propose how the situation/problem could be improved by stating the action to be taken. Ideally recommendations should be listed and numbered.

10 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 8 9. Referencing 1 Information obtained from any source, including the Internet, is covered by copyright law. You must acknowledge any source that you refer to in your paper, both within the text of your paper, and at the end of it (by including a list of references). Referencing your sources also enables the reader to view your sources and follow your paper. This section will show you how to cite print material and electronic sources, such as books, journal and newspaper articles, electronic databases, electronic mail, web pages and online images. There are many acceptable forms of referencing. This section shows the Harvard referencing style. The Harvard system takes little time and space and is easy to use. There are two aspects to learn: textual references and a list of references cited, given at the end. 9.1 Textual References for Print Material These are also called in-text references. When you use another's ideas you should immediately acknowledge your sources. Always give the surname of the author(s), the year of publication and the page number(s) you are referring to. If you are referring to the general theme of the book, page numbers are unnecessary. Type Example One author Soil layers below the well tip contribute relatively little water (Kozeny 1988, p. 223). Kozeny (1988, p. 223) found soil layers below the well tip contributed little. Carlson (1981) obtained results which... A recent study (Carlson 2001)... Two or three (Jones & Hackett 1991, pp ) authors Jones and Hackett (1991, pp ) theorized that... (Boyd, Smith & Eberle 1985) 1 Reprinted with permission from the University of Southern Queensland Library 2002.

11 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 9 Boyd, Smith and Eberle (1985) found... Note: The ampersand is used when the authors names are in brackets. More than three authors Use the first author only followed by et al. For example, a work by Carter, Morton, Duncan-Kemp and Redding becomes: Carter et al. (1989) discussed library search methods. Note: Names of all the authors must be given in the list of references. Multiple citations of the Arrange in chronological order, and use suffixes to distinguish works published in the same year. same author Brown (1980, 1983a, 1983b) theorized... Brown (1983a, p. 21; 1983b, p. 85) theorized... Two authors, Initials are included to distinguish. same surname The theory was propounded by A.E. Smith (1981), but has been refuted since (Smith, B.R. 1985). More than one (Larsen 1971; Haddon 1969) work cited Personal Initials are included. communications (Ayers, R.N. 1991, pers. comm., 2 July). (for instance M.K. Larsen (1983, pers. comm., 1 May) said... interviews) Note: Personal communications are not included in the list of references at the end. Editors (ed. Kaufmann 1974) edited by Kaufmann (1974) Unpublished (Crowley, unpub.) works Crowley (unpub.) argues that No date/ approx. Donovan (n.d.) revealed date Harris (c. 1751) said

12 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 10 Anonymous On Travelling to London (1683) reveals this to be false. No personal author, sponsored by corporate body Newspaper Secondary source of idea Motion pictures, videos and television Direct quotations This was not so in the 17 th century England (On Travelling to London 1683). (Mincomex 2002, p. 45) A publication of the Ministry of Foreign Trade (Mincomex), Colombia (2002, p. 45) shows Note: Well known abbreviations such as Mincomex may be used in textual references, but should be spelt out in an alphabetical list of abbreviations. Abbreviations used in textual references should correspond with those in the list of references. If authors are given use the principles already stated. If there is no author: (El Colombiano Jan. 2002, p. 19) Johns (1980, p. 10, cited in Holesworthy 1985, p. 19) (Strictly Ballroom, motion picture, 1992) (Understanding the GNP, video recording, 1982) Television productions are identified as video recordings: (What Are We Going to Do With the Money, video recording, 8 August 1982, CNN Television) Brief quotations (about 30 words or less) can be included in text and quotation marks are used. Stewart (1982, p. 6) said: Engineers are vital to the survival of the planet. Engineers are vital to the survival of the planet (Stewart 1982, p. 6). Lengthy quotations are given in separate paragraphs which are indented from both left and right margins. No quotation marks are used. Citations are as above.

13 Submission Guideline for Text Documents Textual References for Electronic Sources Follow the same order for citing online sources in text, as you do for citing printed sources, eg. surname of the author(s) followed by the year of publication. Type Web document (author known, no personal author, corporate body) Web document (no author) Web Homepage Example To cite a document from a Web site within the text of a paper, use only the name of the author(s), followed by the year of the publication. (Klintworth 2000) Note: Much information is put up on the Internet by organisations without citing a specific author. In such cases, ascribe authorship to the smallest identifiable organisational unit (this is similar to the standard method for citing works produced by a corporate body). To cite a document from a Web site within the text of a paper, where the author is unknown, give the address of the site, followed by the year of publication. ( lize.reut/index.html 2002) To cite a Homepage within the text of an assignment, give the address of the site and year of the last update. ( 2002) 9.3 List of References At the end of your paper, place a list of references cited in the text. Arrange this in alphabetical order of author's surnames, and chronologically for each author where more than one work by that author is cited. The author's surname is placed first, followed by initials, and then the year of publication is given. If the list contains more than one item published by the same author in the same year add lower case letters immediately after the year to distinguish them. For example "2001a". Where an item

14 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 12 doesn t have an author, arrange it by its title. The following examples show you how to include reference sources in your List of References for both print material and electronic sources. Type Book 1 author Government pub. no author Book 2 authors Book anonymous Journal article 4 authors Journal article 2 books in 1 year by same author Editor Edition Example Bertrán, J. 1997, Marketing Internacional Avanzado, McGraw-Hill, Madrid et al. Note: If there are more than three places where a publisher is located, use the first location only followed by et al.. Ministerio de Comercio Exterior 2002, Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas, Mincomex, Bogotá. Keegan, W.J. & Green, M.C. 1997, Global Marketing, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River/New Jersey. The Eliciting of Frank Answers 1955, Engineering Publications, Florida. Gibberd, R., Snow, P.T., Rice, P.G. & Patel, N.B. 1991, Nuclear power at what price, The Bulletin, vol. 113, June 4, pp Jones, B.E. & Jones, S.R. 1987, Powerful questions, Journal of Power Engineering, vol. 1, no. 3, pp King, P. 1984a, Power in Australia, UQP, St. Lucia. King, P. 1984b, Solar Power, Macmillan, Melbourne. Long, P.E. (ed.) 1991, A Collection of Current Views on Nuclear Safety, Penguin, Harmondsworth. Morton, J.S. 1984, Wind Power: An Overview, 2nd edn, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne.

15 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 13 Chapter in an edited book Article cited in a book Newspaper article Newspaper article no author Conference paper Database Motion pictures, videos Microform Journal article on the WWW North, D. 1980, Energy use at home, in Energy Conservation, eds S. Scott & N. Peel, Academic Press, London. Oppenheim, P.L. 1981, Power politics, Journal of Power Engineering, vol. 1, no. 3, pp , quoted in Strong, K. 1985, Advances in Power Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 70. Popham, B. 1987, Saving the future, Weekend Australian Magazine, 7-8 Feb., p.10. Perth Daily News, 24 Jan. 1987, p.10. Trump, A. 1986, Power play, Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, International Society of Power Engineers, Houston Texas, pp AGRIS (database), United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation, Vendor: Silverplatter, annual updating. Learning to Live (motion picture) 1964, London, Fine Films Inc., Producer Martin Freeth. Herbert, W.G. 1987, The Australian Beef Industry: An Overview, Australian Livestock Council, Canberra, microfiche. Author Year, Article title, Journal Title [Online], volume, issue. Available: URL [Access date]. Example: Griffith, A.I. 1995, Coordinating family and school: Mothering for schooling, Education Policy Analysis Archives [Online], vol. 3, no. 1. Available: [Accessed 12 Feb. 1997].

16 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 14 Full-text journal article in Electronic Database Newspaper article in Electronic Database Newspaper article on the WWW Discussion List Message Author Year, Article title, Journal Title [Online], volume, issue, paging if given or indication of length. Available: Database service: Database, Item number (if given) [Access date]. Example: Rasid, Z.M. & Parish, T.S. 1998, The effects of two types of relaxation training on students levels of anxiety, Adolescence [Online], vol. 33, no. 129, p. 99. Available: EBSCOhost : Academic Search Premier, Item: AN [Accessed 23 Sep. 1998]. Author Day Month Year, Article title, Newspaper Title [Online], page number (if given). Available: Database, Item number (if given) [Access date]. Example: Pianin, E. 25 Feb. 2001, As coal s fortunes climb, mountains tremble in W.Va; energy policy is transforming lives, The Washington Post [Online], p. A03. Available: Electric Library Australasia, [Accessed 8 Mar. 2001]. Author Day Month Year, Article title, Newspaper Title [Online], page number (if given). Available: URL [Access date]. Example: Cleary, P. & Lewis, S. 8 Mar. 2001, It s the end of a long boom, Australian Financial Review [Online]. Available: [Accessed 8 Mar. 2001]. Author Day Month Year, Subject of message, Discussion List Name [Online]. Available address, [Access date]. Example: Wilson, D. 22 Nov. 1995, Summary of citing Internet sites, NETTRAIN [Online]. Available NETTRAIN@ubvm.cc.buffalo.edu [Accessed 22 Nov. 1995].

17 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 15 Sender (Sender s address). Day Month Year, Subject of Message, to recipient (Recipient s address). Personal Web document (author known, no personal author, corporate body) Example: Furst, S. (furst@eafit.edu.co). 10 Jun. 2001, Learning to use Web Authoring Tools, to Acevedo, M. (acevedo@eafit.edu.co). Author Year, Title [Online]. Available: URL [Access date]. Example: Klintworth, G. 2000, China and Taiwan - From Flashpoint to Redefining One China [Online]. Available: [Accessed 27 Nov. 2000]. Title [Online], Year. Available: URL [Access date]. Web document (no author) Web document (no publication date) Web Homepage Example: Educating America for the 21st Century: Developing a Strategic Plan for Educational Leadership by Columbia University (Initial workshop draft) [Online], Available: [Accessed 16 May 1995]. Author n.d., Title [Online]. Available: URL [Access date]. Example: Sherman, C. n.d., The Invisible Web [Online]. Available: [Accessed 27 Nov. 2000]. Title of home page [Homepage of (name of organisation)] [Online], Day Month Year last update. Available: URL [Access date]. Example: The Body Shop Australia [Homepage of The Body Shop Australia] [Online], 21 Nov last update. Available: [Accessed 27 Nov. 2000].

18 Submission Guideline for Text Documents 16 Title of image, or a description, Year [Online image]. Available: URL [Access date]. Online Images Example: The Lunar Interior, 2000 [Online image]. Available: [Accessed 28 Nov. 2000]. Helpful hints to reference electronic sources: You need to specify the type of medium, in square brackets. It should almost always be [Online]. You must specify the date on which you accessed the item, since web documents can change or disappear at any time. If a web document includes both a date of creation and a date it was last updated, use only the date it was last updated. If you have trouble identifying the title or the exact link, look at the top of the web page above File on your browser or click the right mouse botton and check the site Properties to view these information. The date a web document was created is usually listed right at the bottom of the document. 10. Further readings Clanchy, J. & Ballard, B. 1995, Cómo se hace un trabajo académico. Guía práctica para estudiantes universitarios, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, Zaragoza. Purdue University's Online Writing Lab [Homepage of Online Writing Lab at Purdue University] [Online]. Available: [Accessed 20 May 2002]. Sabino, C.A. 1997, Cómo hacer una tesis y elaborar todo tipo de escritos, 2 nd edn., Panamericana Editorial, Bogotá.