Development of Internet Technology And Norwegian Par:cipa:on

Transcription

1 Development of Internet Technology And Norwegian Par:cipa:on Yngvar Lundh Re:red from Norwegian Defence Research Establishment

2 Computers Began to be a fact of life towards end 1950s Became indispensable tools early six:es in industry and science Computer networks became useful 1960s IBM and other leading computer makers offered company specific networking None of those companies par0cipated in Internet development

3 Success has many fathers Numerous people par:cipated in Internet development Everyone tells his story Many aspects of this important development are relevant

4 Crea:vity Douglas Engelbart at Stanford Research Ins:tute Demonstra:on 1968 Worksta:ons in nets CRT screen Mouse Hypertext Etc etc Summarized aspects of much crea:ve thinking in the 1960s

5 Beginning 1958 ARPA founded by president Eisenhower, reac0ng to Sputnik 1962 Larry Roberts proposed a computer network 1962 Leonard Kleinrock proposed packet switching in PhD thesis 1969 First four sites of ARPANET installed by BBN engineered by Bob Kahn 1972 Demonstra0on 40 resource sharing computers 1973 Interna0onal connec0ons to Norway and England

6 Pioners Celebra:ng 30 years 1999 IMP Cerf Kahn Kleinrock Roberts

7 1969 ARPANET grew fast Efficient laboratory Network Control Center at BBN, MassachuseWs Network Informa:on Center, SRI, California Universi:es and research centers joined Natural and programmable traffic Host computers and simple terminals 1974 Every node could be reprogrammed and controlled and observed remotely Measurements sent back to researchers

8 Interna:onal The rapid growth of interest inspired Kahn and Roberts to address possibili:es for interna:onal networking Visited Norway 1972 We had collaborated with ARPA since early six:es A leased line existed October 1972: Resource sharing demo i Washington

9 Resource sharing 1972 Demo in Washington, promising projects Many academic goups collaborated Weather forecast Speech recogni:on Mathema:cal analysis Etc, etc... I decided to collaborate Started project Paradis at Kjeller PAcket switched RAdio and Distributed Informa0on Systems

10 Line to America US observatory Collabora:ng seismic observatories had a line between them Seismic data 2,4kb/s MUX Modem Transatlan:c line 2,4kb/s 9.6kb/s Modem MUX Seismic data 2,4kb/s Kjeller observatory 7.2kb/s 7.2kb/s MUX University College London

11 No interest I tried many ways to create interest Especially: University of Oslo: We installed special Arpanet Terminal at their computer center NO! Norwegian Telecom Administra:on: I had many mee:ngs with their leading engineers NO! The ARPA collabora:on project was civilian NDRE s usual partners not interested For the first two years we were only two persons graduate student Asle Hesla and I tried to understand the concepts of communica0on protocols

12 Working groups on computer networking PSPWG Packet Switching Project Working Group (ARPA) INWG Interna:onal Network Working Group (IFIP) These groups had a two day mee0ng on board the Stockholm Åbo ferry August 1974 Between an IFIP exhibi:on and a CCConference General possibili0es and goals for networking discussed during those two days

13 Arpa Washington,DC BBN Cambridge, MassachuseWs SRI Menlo Park, California UCLA, Los Angeles, California ISI Marina del Rey, California Linkabit San Diego, California Comsat Gaithersburg, Maryland MIT Cambridge, MassachuseWs UCL London, England NDRE Kjeller, Norway (FFI) PSPWG Packet Switching Project Working Group 20 to 40 persons from 10 groups met quarterly for about 8 years In 1981 results were stable and well documented Dates and venues for presenta:ons proposi:ons and discussions

14 Development Goals: All transmission channels op0mized All traffic types accomodated No central control Methods: Ideas analysed, dicussed, simulated Experiments Natural and ar0ficially generated traffic Arpanet was The laboratory Members of the ten groups collaborated closely Most implementa:ons and experimenta:ons were handled by BBN Bolt Beranek and Newman Extremely careful analysis and verifica0on established Internet s success

15 No interest To try and create interest I invited Douglas Engelbart to hold a three day seminar at Kjeller for about 15 Norwegian engineers and scien:sts May 1976 on his project Computer Augmenta0on of the Human Intellect Result: No further interest Their comment: Baroque! He brought his worksta:on. Demonstrated hypertext and other new features, then never seen (now commonplace)

16 Norwegian par:cipa:on Experiments. Speech, packet satellite and others First three years we were two persons Most ac:ve period we were five: Pål Spilling (from Fellowship at SRI ) Øyvind Hvinden (Fellowship at MIT ) Finn Arve Aagesen Aage Stensby (from 1975) Spilling, Hvinden and Aagesen have later made dis0nguished carreers in computers and communica0ons From 1975 Norwegian Telecom agreed to let us use their satellite facili:es for experiments Ole PeWer Håkonsen was instrumental Packet satellite experiments in Satnet USA England Norway

17 1980s and 90s 1980 the next node outside America was connected to Arpanet Later academia all over the world slowly got connected 1983 Internet protocols replaced the old network 1986 Arpanet discon:nued as such 1991 Commercial ac:vity permiwed 1993 World Wide Web by the Mosaic program by Tim Berners Lee of CERN An enormeous growth began 1994 Internet men:oned in media 1995 Some telecom administra:ons began to accept Internet as a fact Pål Spilling joined Norwegian Telecom in He helped Norwegian establishments connect and began teaching and informing about the network

18 Basic Technical Research leading to the Internet s Visions 1960s Ideas 1970s Development 1980s Applica:ons 1990s Commercializa:on