Surveying Maritime Traffic in the High North

Transcription

1 Overenskomst mellom Russland og Norge av 15. September 2010, ennå ikke trådd i kraft Opphører når Overenskomsten av 15. September 2010 trer i kraft. "Det Særskilte Området" område hvor Den Russiske Føderasjon etter avtalen av (ikke i kraft per ) vil kunne utøve slike suverene rettigheter og slik sonejurisdiksjon som Norge ellers ville hatt rett til å utøve etter folkeretten Steinkjer Karlstad Bodø Ny-Ålesund Longyearbyen Narvik Tromsø Hammerfest Lambert kjegleprojeksjon, standardparalleller lik 59 40' og 75 00' Geodetisk datum WGS84 Ved oppdagelse av feil og mangler ved kartet, eller behov for flere kopier, kontakt FMGT på tlf eller epost fmgt@fmgt.mil.no Vadsø Norwegian Military Geographic Service j Surveying Maritime Traffic in the High North UGRADERT Kun for tjenestebruk MARITIME GRENSER I NORDOMRÅDENE Forsvarets militærgeografiske tjeneste Oslo, september 2010 S e v er n a j a S e m l j a Frans Josefs Land G R Ø N L A N D G r ø n l a n d s - h a v e t Avtalt grenselinje Svalbard Spitsbergen Nordaustlandet Kvitøya Edgeøya Avtalelinje av 15. September 2010 Kong Karls Land j a j a S e m l K a r a h t a v e O b s k a a Hopen N o v a G u b a 200 nautiske mil F i s k e v e r n s o n e n ved Svalbard S m u t t - h u l l e t P e t j o r s k a j a G u b a Reykjavik ISLAND Scoresbyund Torshavn N o r s k e Færøyene Avtalt grenselinje Jan Mayen F i s k e r i s o n e n ved Jan Mayen Avtalt grenselinje h a v e t 200 nautiske mil S m u t t h a v e t Tilstøtende sone 24 nautiske mil 200 nautiske mil Territorialgrense 12 nautiske mil Grunnlinje N o r g e s ø k o n o m i s k e Trondheim E Bjørnøya s o n e Umeå Luleå Rovaniemi Oulu Gråsonen Murmansk D.S.O B a r e n t s - h a v e t K v itsjøen Arkhangelsk T j e s j s k a j a G u b a R U Narjan-Mar S S L A Kotlas Syktyvkar Vorkuta N D Salekhard Hebridene Orknøyene Shetland Avtalt grenselinje Bergen Stavanger Kristiansand Molde N O R Drammen G E Oslo S V E R I G Stockholm Vaasa Turku F I N Tallinn L A N D Helsinki ESTLAND St. Petersburg Ivanovo Niznij Novgorod Kasan N o r d s j ø e n Gøteborg j ø e n Moskva IRLAND Dublin Belfast Glasgow Edinburgh Manchester STORBRITANNIA Avtalt grenselinje DANMARK Ålborg Århus København Odense Malmø Gdansk Ø t s r s e Kaliningrad Riga Vilnius LITAUEN LATVIA Minsk Tula Birmingham London NEDERLAND Amsterdam Bremen Hamburg HVITERUSSLAND Rotterdam TYSKLAND Berlin POLEN Warszawa UKRAINA Tegnforklaring Grunnlinje Territorialgrense 12 nautiske mil Tilstøtende sone 24 nautiske mil Avtalte maritime grenser eller 200 nautiske mil Avtalelinje Gråsonen D.S.O Bo Andersen, Norwegian Space Centre UGRADERT Kun for tjenestebruk

2 In Principle Simple! An ocean surrounded by countries following UNCLOS.! Disputed delineations and disagreements between all but Norway.! Ice cover significantly reduced and is diminishing 4-8% per decade.! Increased activity, new requirements.! Safety of seas, search and rescue.! Resource management and pollution.! Weather/Ice modelling and forecasting.! Communication

3 Challenges in the High North require Space! We want to know who is where for:! Sovereignty, Security and Safety.! Resource management.! Environmental impact.! The captain/ship owner wants:! To know where he and potential help is.! Get ice and weather forecasts.! Communication with increasing bandwidth.! Push the limits of operation.! Large distances, little infrastructure.! Russia just announced the establishment of 7-10 rescue stations along the NSR.! Strategic position requires unbiased information.

4 Best coverage of Arctic by LEO EO Satellites Norway has the largest ground station in the polar regions on Svalbard. NASA, NOAA and USGS are important users.

5 Geostationary Communication Coverage Limitations Theoretical limit (80o) Practical limit (76o) Problems occur (72o) Norsk Romsenter 5

6 In Space All Countries are Small! Too costly to cover all your space needs alone, even for USA and China.! Norway is completely dependent on collaboration to cater for our needs, industrially and for services.! Collaboration mainly Europe (ESA/EU), Canada and the US.! Only in niches can we provide for our needs alone (AISSat).! Must give priority to areas where we are strong and have dominant needs. Norsk Romsenter

7 Resources Currently Available and Required! Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) the way to register presence, but little additional information.! Automatic Identification System (AIS) give large amount of information, but requires cooperation. Land proximity or satellites required.! Basic Ice monitoring and forecasting.! Main lacks today and in near future High quality ice forecasting. Polar low predictions. Precision navigation. High bandwidth communication. Norsk Romsenter

8 Satellite Radar Alone Norsk Romsenter

9 SatAIS og Land Based AIS must be Integrated! Land based AIS is regulated by international rules, but lack of infrastructure hampers usefulness in the high Arctic.! Satellite based AIS not regulated, very useful in the high Arctic with good coverage. Does not require local infrastructure! Little land based infrastructure in the rim of the Arctic Ocean. Norsk Romsenter

10 AIS from Satellite Norwegian Capability! Northern area and marine focus! Industrial development! Ministry of Trade and Industry and Norwegian Space Centre in the lead for AISSat-1.! European and transatlantic dimension! AISSat-2 awaiting launch. Third and larger satellite in planning 10 Norwegian Space Centre

11 A Month of Winter or Summer 01/ /2011 Norsk Romsenter

12 Traffic Density Norwegian Waters Dominate Polar basin: High density High density Low density Low density 500 nm Plot resolution = 5-7 km depending on area Polar basin: nm Plot resolution = 5-7 km depending on area Norsk Romsenter

13 Do they really want to be here in February? Norsk Romsenter

14 Ocean Surveillance from satellite vessels, ice and pollution! Norway first and still leader with civilian vessel and oil spill monitoring with radar satellites.! Requires access to new European and Canadian satellite radar systems.! Integration of Satellite Radar and AIS a winning team.! Norwegian actors in the lead: Kongsberg Seatex, KSAT, Spacetec, FFI, NORUT, NERSC, NCA, met.no

15 Safety at Sea and Rescue Sevices! Norway early with Search And Rescue transponders. Ground stations in North essential and is responsible for Search and Rescue in the European High Arctic.! Ice monitoring and forecasting essential, still rudimentary.! Next generation Search and Rescue beacons with Galileo/GPS will be great improvement.! Norwegian industrial actors have leading roles: Jotron, Kongsberg Norspace, KSAT

16 Different Demands on Communication and Information Oil & Gas! Transport! Search! &! rescue! Tourism! Fisheries! Norsk Romsenter

17 Only Satellite Provide Broadband Communication to Maritime Sector in Arctic Large Areas!! Norway pioneer in satellite communication, to ships, the North Sea and Svalbard.! Large equipment- and service-provider industry.! On going studies for communication in polar basin (>75 N). Little Land Based! infrastructure!! International collaboration required for pan Arctic Coverage! Norwegian industrial actors in the contention: ShipEquip, Astrium, Telenor, Jotron Satcom, Kongsberg Norspace.

18 Compilation FFI Fishing vessels in the Barents Sea

19 Fishing vessels in the Barents Sea Compilation FFI

20 Compilation FFI

21 Two vessels at Bear Island No AIS received Compilation FFI

22 BarentsWatch Situational Awareness in Norwegian Interest Areas! Government system for integration of all types of data.! Public area with some information filtering.! Closed system for all parts of the authorities. Integration of civilian and non-civilian data.! For Safety, Security, Commercial Efficiency and Environmental protection.! Will be the main open source of ship traffic in the Norwegian High North.! Open area opens in May Norsk Romsenter

23 Conclusions! Satellite infrastructure essential for ship monitoring in Arctic. Combined Satellite Radar and Satellite AIS the most efficient tool. On civilian side Europe and Canada leading actors for radar satellites.! Norway long time in the lead on the use of Satellite Radar, now also in integration with AIS for vessel monitoring.! Norway plans to have space based AIS until at least 2017.! Increased traffic requires more space infrastructure, main lack is broadband communications and high quality ice forecasting. Norsk Romsenter

24 A More Equatorial Dimension Norwegian Space Centre