X-Ray Free Electron Lasers
|
|
|
- Dwayne Ross
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 X-Ray Free Electron Lasers Lecture 1. Introduction. Acceleration of charged particles Igor Zagorodnov Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron TU Darmstadt, Fachbereich April 015
2 General information Lecture: X-Ray Free Electron Lasers Place: S 17, room 114, Schloßgartenstraße 8, 6489 Darmstadt Time: Monday, 11:40-13:0 (lecture), 13:30-15:10 (exercises) 1. ( ) Introduction. Acceleration of charged particles. ( ) Synchrotron radiation 3. ( ) Low-gain FELs 4. ( ) High-gain FELs 5. ( ) Self-amplified spontaneous emission. FLASH and the European XFEL in Hamburg 6. ( ) Numerical modeling of FELs 7. ( ) New FEL schemes and challenges 8. ( ) Exam PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite
3 General information Lecture: X-Ray Free Electron Lasers Literature K. Wille, Physik der Teilchenbeschleuniger und Synchrotronstrahlungsquellen, Teubner Verlag, P. Schmüser, M. Dohlus, J. Rossbach, Ultraviolet and Soft X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers, Springer, 008. E. L. Saldin, E. A. Schneidmiller, M. V. Yurkov, The Physics of Free Electron Lasers, Springer, Lecturer: PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (MPY) Notkestraße. 85, 607 Hamburg, Germany phone: web: PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 3
4 Contents Motivation. Free electron laser Particle acceleration Betatron. Weak focusing Circular and linear accelerators Strong focusing RF Resonators Bunch compressors Phase space linearization PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 4
5 Motivation Laser a special light parallel (tightly collimated) monochromatic (small bandwidth) coherent (special phase relations) The laser light allows to make accurate interference images (three dimensional pictures). PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 5
6 Motivation Free electron laser Quantum Laser gas light accelerator Free electron laser (FEL) undulator laser light energy pump mirrors Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation bunch non quantized electron energy the electron bunch is the energy source und the lasing medium John Madey, Appl. Phys. 4, 1906 (1971) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 6
7 Motivation Why FEL? Reflectivity drops quickly no mirrors under 100 nm no long-term excited states for the population inversion PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 7
8 Motivation Why FEL? PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 8
9 Motivation FEL as a source of X-rays peak brilliance [ph/(s mrad mm 0.1% BW)] Photon flux is the number of photons per second within a spectral bandwidth of 0.1% photons Φ = s 0.1 BW Brilliance Φ B = π Σ Σ 4 xy x' y ' photon energy [ev] Σ xy = σ x, eσ y, e Σ = σ σ x' y ' θ, ph θ, ph PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 9 x y
10 Motivation FEL as a source of X-rays brilliant extremely short pulses (~ fs) ultra short wavelengths (atom details resolution) coherent (holography at atom level) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 10
11 Motivation Experiment with FEL light H.Chapman et al, Nature Physics,,839 (006) FEL puls 3 nm puls length: 5 fs PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 11
12 Motivation Experiment with FEL light 1 µm example structure in 0 nm membran diffraction image reconstructed image H.Chapman et al, Nature Physics,,839 (006) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 1
13 Motivation High-Gain FEL P rad ~ N el P rad ~ N el data from FLASH E[µJ] z[ m ] Exponential growth λ[nm] W. Ackermann et al, Nature Photonics 1, 336 (007) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 13
14 Motivation FLASH ( Free Electron LASer in Hamburg) RF gun accelerator undulator photon laboratory PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 14
15 Motivation FLASH ( Free Electron LASer in Hamburg) accelerator PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 15
16 Particle acceleration Requirements on the beam z L g E( z) ~ e short radiation wavelength λ ~ 1 γ E[µJ] short gain length Lg ε ε σ γ ~ 1+ O 1 I I z[ m] high beam energy high peak current low emittance low energy energy spread PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 16
![m] high beam energy high peak current low emittance low energy energy spread](/docs-images/45/5344891/images/page_16.jpg "PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0.")
17 Particle acceleration Emittance dx px x = = - trajectory slope dz p z ε x = x x xx, ε n x = γε - the normalized emittance is x conserved during acceleration PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 17
18 Particle acceleration Methods of particle acceleration The energy of relativistic particle 4 0 E = m c + p c with the relativistic momentum p = γ m v 0 ( 1 ) 0.5 γ = β β = v / c Cockroft-Walton generator(1930) can be changed in EM field FL = q( v B + E) r E = F dr = q E dr = qu r L r r eV= C 1V= J PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 18
19 Particle acceleration Acceleration in electrostatic field Van de Graff accelerator The energy capability of this sort of devices is limited by voltage breakdown, and for higher energies one is forced to turn to other approaches. Daresbury, ~0MeV PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 19
20 Particle acceleration Acceleration to higher energy? The particles are sent repeatedly through the electrostatic field. No pure acceleration is obtained. The electric field exists outside the plates. This field decelerates the particle. Time dependent electromagnetic field! Maxwell s equations (1865) H = J + D t E = B t D = ρ B = 0 generelized Ampere s law Faraday s law Coulomb s law absence of free magnetic poles PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 0
21 Particle acceleration Acceleration to higher energy? Faraday s law Edr = Bds t Betatron RF resonators E B R PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 1
22 Betatron main coils corrector coils yoke vacuum chamber beam The magnetic field is changed in a way, that the particle circle orbit remains constant. The accelerating electric field appears according to the Faraday s law from the changing of the magnetic field. PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite
23 Betatron Constant orbit condition y E R B Centrifugal force mvϕ Ffug = R Is equal to the Lorentz force F = qv B. L ϕ pɺ = ϕ qrb z z 0 B = 0 B z Edr = π 0 E = E ϕ 0 From Faraday s law Bɺ ds = π ɺ 1 Bɺ zds π R REϕ R Bav Bɺ av = Bav B z = ɺ This 1: relation was found in 198 by Wideröe. PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 3 z R pɺ ϕ From Newton s law pɺ = F ϕ = qe ϕ R pɺ = ϕ q Bɺ x av
24 Betatron. Weak focusing Betatron oscillations near the reference orbit n = R B z B z r - field index 0 < n < 1 - orbit stability condition Transverse oscillations are called betatron oscillations for all accelerators. PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 4
25 Betatron. Weak focusing Radial stability ϕ R + r F0 = F ( R) = F ( R) = qv B fug L ϕ z mvϕ mvϕ r r 0 Ffug ( R + r) = 1 = F 1 R + r R R R Bz r FL ( R + r) = qvϕbz ( R + r) qvϕ [ Bz ( R) + r] = F0 (1 n ) r R r Frad ( R + r) = FL + Ffug = F0 ( n 1) R The radial force is pointed to the design orbit if R n < 1 n = B PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 5 z B z r
26 Betatron. Weak focusing Radial stability (exercises 1,) field index orbit t[mks] relative radius 1. y[m] x[m] relative moment t[mks] t[mks] PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 6
27 Betatron. Weak focusing Vertical stability B = µ J + D t FL = q( v B + E) B = B r z z r z = 0 Br Bz z Fz ( z) = qvϕ Br ( z) qvϕ z = qvϕ z = F0 n z r R The vertical force is pointed to the design orbit if r Frad ( R + r) = F0 ( n 1) n < 1 R z F ( z) = F n n > 0 R z 0 n > 0 The orbit is stable in all directions if 0 < n < 1 PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 7
28 Betatron PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 8
29 Circular and linear accelerators Circular accelerators: many runs through small number of cavities. Linear accelerators: one run through many cavities PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 9
30 Strong focusing BESSY II, Berlin PETRA III, Hamburg S. Kahn, Free-electron lasers. (a tutorial review) Journal of Modern Optics 55, (008) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 30
31 Strong focusing dipole qudrupole sextupole multipolar expansion equations of motion transfer matrix (quadrupole) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 31
32 Strong focusing PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 3
33 RF Resonators Waveguides Maxwell equations in vacuum E = µ 0 H ɺ H = ε 0 E ɺ E = 0 From F = F F follows wave equations 1 E = c E ɺɺ 0 H = H = 0 We separate the periodical time dependance und use the representation (traveling wave) z E( r, t) = E( r ) i ( t k z ) e ω z H( r, t) = H( r ) i ( t k z ) e ω 1 c H ɺɺ x r = y z 0 r x = y PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 33
34 RF Resonators For the space field distribution in transverse plane we obtain ( ) k c ( ) 0 E r + E r = H( r ) + H( r ) = 0 k = k k k = ω / c c z Waveguides k c The smallest wave number (cut frequency) k c Wave propagation in the waveguide is possible only if k>k c. If k<k c then the solution exponentially decays along z. k k = kz + kc k c Phase velocity is larger than the light velocity ω ck k vph = = = c + > c k k k c 1 z z z k z PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 34
35 RF Resonators Waveguides Unlike free space plane wave the waves in waveguides have longitudinal components mπ x mπ y Ez = E e a b H = 0. z ( ) 0 sin sin i ω t k z z, π m π n kc = +, m = 1,,...; n = 1,,... a b TM waves TE waves mπ x mπ y ( z ) 0 cos cos i ω t H k z z = H e, a b Ez = 0. π m π n kc = +, m = 0,1,,...; n = 0,1,,... a b E E J k r m e H i( ωt kz z) z = 0 m ( c )cos( ϕ), z = 0. xmn kc =, m = 0,1,,...; n = 1,,... a H H J k r m e i( ωt kz z) z = 0 m ( c )cos( ϕ), Ez = 0. x mn kc =, m = 0,1,,...; n = 0,1,,... a PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 35 J ( x ) = 0 m mn J ( x ) = 0 m mn
36 RF Resonators Waveguides PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 36
37 RF Resonators Acceleration? The cylindrical waveguide were an ideal accelerator structure, if it were possible to use E z component of TM wave. However the velocity of the particle is always smaller than the wave phase velocity v ph. waveguide with irises (traveling waves) RF resonators (standing waves) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 37
38 RF Resonators Waveguide with irises (traveling wave) Through tuning of phase velocity according to the particle velocity it is possible to obtain, that the bunches synchronously with TM wave fly and obtain the maximal acceleration. k cylindrical waveguide vph = c waveguide with irises vph < c π L k z L PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 38
39 RF Resonators Acceleration with standing and traveling waves π mode PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 39
40 RF Resonators π mode We separate only the periodic time dependence and take the represantation (standing wave) E( r, t) = E( r) e iωt H( r, t) = H( r) e iωt For the space field distribution we obtain ( ) k E( r) 0 E r + = ( ) k H( r) 0 H r + = PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 40
41 RF Resonators Pillbox TM 010 -Welle 0 E( r) = 0 E z H( r) 0 = H ϕ 0 r E 0 z + Ez + k Ez = z r r 0 0 ( ) E = E J kr E ( ) 0 H = ϕ J1 kr c k =.405. R PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 41
42 RF Resonators Klystron P Klzstron =ηui Strahl The electron beam energy is converted in RF energy. η klystron efficiency (45-65%) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 4
43 RF Resonators The exact resonance frequency could be tuned. The resonator is exited through an inductive chain. The waveguide from klystron is at the end closed in such way, that a standing wave exists with its maximum at distance λ/4 from the wall. PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 43
44 RF Resonators self field of cavity (driven by bunches) the concept of wake fields is used to describe the integrated kick (caused by a source particle, seen by an observer particle) short range wakes describe interaction of particles in same bunch long range wakes describe multi bunch interactions important for FELs: longitudinal single bunch wakes change the energy chirp and interfere with bunch compression PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 44
45 Bunch compressors PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 45
46 Bunch compressors δ s 0 momentum compaction factor ( 3 δ δ δ ) s = s + s = s R + T + U PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 46
47 Bunch compressors M. Dohlus et al.,electron Bunch Length Compression, ICFA Beam Dynamics Newsletter, No. 38 (005) p.15 PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 47
48 Phase space linearization FLASH In accelerator modules the energy of the electrons is increased from 5 MeV (gun) to 100 MeV (undulator). E = ev cos( ks + ϕ ) 1,1 1,1 1,1 E = ev cos(3 ks + ϕ ) 1,3 1,3 1,3 E = ev cos( ks1 + ϕ) E = ev cos( ks + ϕ ) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 48
49 Phase space linearization FLASH In compressors the peak current I is increased from A (gun) to 500 A (undulator). i ( 3 ) 56δ 566δ 5666δ s = R + T + U PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 49
50 Phase space linearization rollover compression vs. linearized compression Q=0.5 nc ~ 1.5 ka Q=1 nc ~.5 ka PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 50
51 Phase space linearization Gun Longitudinal dynamics(exercise 3) B C 1 B C M 1,1 M 1,n M M 3 V ( s) maxv 1, V = V cos( ks) + V cos(3 ks + ϕ ) V + V cosϕ 1,1 1,3 1,3 1,1 1,3 1,3 ( 1,3 ϕ1,3 ) ( 1,1 1,3 ϕ1,3 ) 3 3V sin ks 0.5 V + 9V cos( ) k s + O( s ) ϕ V 1,3 = π 1 = V 9 1,3 1,1 V V V + O( s ) 1,1 1, ks PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 51
52 Phase space linearization Gun Longitudinal dynamics(exercise 3) B C 1 B C M 1,1 M 1,n M M 3 PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 5
53 Phase space linearization Gun Longitudinal dynamics(exercise 3) B C 1 B C M 1,1 M 1,n M M 3 Zagorodnov I., Dohlus M., A Semi-Analytical Modelling of Multistage Bunch Compression with Collective Effects, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 14, (011) PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 53
54 Outlook FLASH ( Free Electron LASer in Hamburg) RF gun accelerator undulator laboratory PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 54
55 Outlook FLASH ( Free Electron LASer in Hamburg) undulator 7m PD Dr. Igor Zagorodnov X-Ray Free Electron Lasers. Lecture 1 0. April 015 Seite 55
X-Ray Free Electron Lasers
X-Ray Free Electron Lasers Lecture 5. Self-amplified spontaneous emission. FLASH and the European XFEL in Hamburg Igor Zagorodnov Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron TU Darmstadt, Fachbereich 18 2. June 2014
ULTRAFAST LASERS: Free electron lasers thrive from synergy with ultrafast laser systems
Page 1 of 6 ULTRAFAST LASERS: Free electron lasers thrive from synergy with ultrafast laser systems Free electron lasers support unique time-resolved experiments over a wide range of x-ray wavelengths,
11th International Computational Accelerator Physics Conference (ICAP) August 19 24, 2012, Rostock-Warnemünde (Germany)
Numerical Modeling of RF Electron Sources for FEL-Accelerators Erion Gjonaj Computational Electromagetics Laboratory (TEMF), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany 11th International Computational Accelerator
Calculation of Eigenmodes in Superconducting Cavities
Calculation of Eigenmodes in Superconducting Cavities W. Ackermann, C. Liu, W.F.O. Müller, T. Weiland Institut für Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder, Technische Universität Darmstadt Status Meeting December
Results and Plans for April 2013
Results and Plans for April 3 Start-to-End Simulations Igor Zagorodnov Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany SE Meeting, DESY 8. April 3 Plan/Results for March 3 FLASH simulations with Elegant
Damping Wigglers in PETRA III
Damping Wigglers in PETRA III WIGGLE2005, Frascati 21-22.2.2005 Winni Decking, DESY-MPY Introduction Damping Wiggler Parameters Nonlinear Dynamics with DW Operational Aspects Summary DESY and its Accelerators
Coupling Impedance of SIS18 and SIS100 beampipe CERN-GSI-Webmeeting
Coupling Impedance of SIS18 and SIS100 beampipe CERN-GSI-Webmeeting 23 October 2011 TU Darmstadt Fachbereich 18 Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder Uwe Niedermayer 1 Contents Motivation / Overview
Development of Virtual Accelerator Environment for Beam Diagnostics *
Development of Virtual Accelerator Environment for Beam Diagnostics * Gu Duan, Zhang Meng, Gu Qiang, Huang Dazhang, Zhao Minghua (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
Physics and Technology of Particle Accelerators Basics, Overview and Outlook Simone Di Mitri, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste University of Trieste, Dept. of Engineering 1 Prologue This seminar samples the
Comb beam for particle-driven plasma-based accelerators
A. Mostacci, on behalf of the SPARC team Comb beams are sub-picosecond, high-brightness electron bunch trains generated via the velocity bunching technique. Such bunch trains can be used to drive tunable
Status of the FERMI@Elettra Free Electron Laser
Status of the FERMI@Elettra Free Electron Laser E. Allaria on behalf of the FERMI team Work partially supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under grants FIRB-RBAP045JF2 and FIRB-RBAP06AWK3
A Quick primer on synchrotron radiation: How would an MBA source change my x-ray beam. Jonathan Lang Advanced Photon Source
A Quick primer on synchrotron radiation: How would an MBA source change my x-ray beam Jonathan Lang Advanced Photon Source APS Upgrade - MBA Lattice ε ο = 3100 pm ε ο = 80 pm What is emi7ance? I don t
CHAPTER - 1. Chapter ONE: WAVES CHAPTER - 2. Chapter TWO: RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. CHAPTER - 3 Chapter THREE: WAVE OPTICS PERIODS PERIODS
BOARD OF INTERMEDIATE EDUCATION, A.P., HYDERABAD REVISION OF SYLLABUS Subject PHYSICS-II (w.e.f 2013-14) Chapter ONE: WAVES CHAPTER - 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves 1.3 Displacement
- thus, the total number of atoms per second that absorb a photon is
Stimulated Emission of Radiation - stimulated emission is referring to the emission of radiation (a photon) from one quantum system at its transition frequency induced by the presence of other photons
C.-K. Ng. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. and. T. Weiland. University oftechnology. FB18, Schlossgartenstr. 8. D64289, Darmstadt, Germany.
SLAC-PUB-95-7005 September, 1995 Impedance of the PEP-II DIP Screen C.-K. Ng Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, USA and T. Weiland University oftechnology FB18,
Accelerator Physics WS 2011/12
Lecture: Accelerator Physics Heidelberg WS 2011/12 Prof. A. Schöning Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg Introduction 1 Goal of this Lecture Introduction to Accelerator Physics: experimental
Numerical Calculation of Beam Coupling Impedances in the Frequency Domain using the Finite Integration Technique
Numerical Calculation of Beam Coupling Impedances in the Frequency Domain using the Finite Integration Technique Uwe Niedermayer and Oliver Boine-Frankenheim 24 August 2012 TU Darmstadt Fachbereich 18
The Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg
flashª The Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg New technologies for new science: Soon X-ray free-electron lasers will enable us to probe ultrafast physical, chemical and biochemical processes at atomic resolution,
Acousto-optic modulator
1 of 3 Acousto-optic modulator F An acousto-optic modulator (AOM), also called a Bragg cell, uses the acousto-optic effect to diffract and shift the frequency of light using sound waves (usually at radio-frequency).
Instytut Fizyki Doświadczalnej Wydział Matematyki, Fizyki i Informatyki UNIWERSYTET GDAŃSKI
Instytut Fizyki Doświadczalnej Wydział Matematyki, Fizyki i Informatyki UNIWERSYTET GDAŃSKI I. Background theory. 1. Electromagnetic waves and their properties. 2. Polarisation of light: a) unpolarised
PHYS 222 Spring 2012 Final Exam. Closed books, notes, etc. No electronic device except a calculator.
PHYS 222 Spring 2012 Final Exam Closed books, notes, etc. No electronic device except a calculator. NAME: (all questions with equal weight) 1. If the distance between two point charges is tripled, the
Undulators and wigglers for the new generation of synchrotron sources
Undulators and wigglers for the new generation of synchrotron sources P. Elleaume To cite this version: P. Elleaume. Undulators and wigglers for the new generation of synchrotron sources. Journal de Physique
BEAM OPERATION OF THE PAL-XFEL INJECTOR TEST FACILITY
Proceedings of FEL2014, Basel, Switzerland WEB02 BEAM OPERATION OF THE PAL-XFEL INJECTOR TEST FACILITY J.-H. Han, J. Hong, J. H. Lee, M. S. Chae, S. Y. Baek, H. J. Choi, T. Ha, J. Hu, W. H. Hwang, S. H.
Short overview of TEUFEL-project
Short overview of TEUFEL-project ELAN-meeting may 2004 Frascati (I) Contents Overview of TEUFEL project at Twente Photo cathode research Recent experience Outlook Overview FEL Drive laser Photo cathode
- particle with kinetic energy E strikes a barrier with height U 0 > E and width L. - classically the particle cannot overcome the barrier
Tunnel Effect: - particle with kinetic energy E strikes a barrier with height U 0 > E and width L - classically the particle cannot overcome the barrier - quantum mechanically the particle can penetrated
Indiana's Academic Standards 2010 ICP Indiana's Academic Standards 2016 ICP. map) that describe the relationship acceleration, velocity and distance.
.1.1 Measure the motion of objects to understand.1.1 Develop graphical, the relationships among distance, velocity and mathematical, and pictorial acceleration. Develop deeper understanding through representations
1. Basics of LASER Physics
1. Basics of LASER Physics Dr. Sebastian Domsch (Dipl.-Phys.) Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3 D-68167 Mannheim, Germany sebastian.domsch@medma.uni-heidelberg.de
Physics 9e/Cutnell. correlated to the. College Board AP Physics 1 Course Objectives
Physics 9e/Cutnell correlated to the College Board AP Physics 1 Course Objectives Big Idea 1: Objects and systems have properties such as mass and charge. Systems may have internal structure. Enduring
Spin Tracking with COSY INFINITY and its Benchmarking
Spin Tracking with COSY INFINITY and its Benchmarking 2015-05-05 Marcel Rosenthal for the JEDI collaboration Outline Methods Simulation toolbox New extension: Transfer maps for time-varying fields Application
Assessment Plan for Learning Outcomes for BA/BS in Physics
Department of Physics and Astronomy Goals and Learning Outcomes 1. Students know basic physics principles [BS, BA, MS] 1.1 Students can demonstrate an understanding of Newton s laws 1.2 Students can demonstrate
The rate of change of velocity with respect to time. The average rate of change of distance/displacement with respect to time.
H2 PHYSICS DEFINITIONS LIST Scalar Vector Term Displacement, s Speed Velocity, v Acceleration, a Average speed/velocity Instantaneous Velocity Newton s First Law Newton s Second Law Newton s Third Law
Frequency Map Experiments at the Advanced Light Source. David Robin Advanced Light Source
Frequency Map Experiments at the Advanced Light Source David Robin Advanced Light Source work done in collaboration with Christoph Steier (ALS), Ying Wu (Duke), Weishi Wan (ALS), Winfried Decking (DESY),
View of ΣIGMA TM (Ref. 1)
Overview of the FESEM system 1. Electron optical column 2. Specimen chamber 3. EDS detector [Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy] 4. Monitors 5. BSD (Back scatter detector) 6. Personal Computer 7. ON/STANDBY/OFF
Physics 6C, Summer 2006 Homework 2 Solutions
Physics 6C, Summer 006 Homework Solutions All problems are from the nd edition of Walker. Numerical values are different for each student. Chapter 3 Problems. Figure 3-30 below shows a circuit containing
Electric and Magnetic Field Lenses
6 Electric and Magnetic Field Lenses The subject of charged particle optics is introduced in this chapter. The concern is the control of the transverse motion of particles by shaped electric and magnetic
Analysis of Electromagnetic Propulsion on a Two-Electric-Dipole System
Electronics and Communications in Japan, Part 2, Vol. 83, No. 4, 2000 Translated from Denshi Joho Tsushin Gakkai Ronbunshi, Vol. J82-C-I, No. 6, June 1999, pp. 310 317 Analysis of Electromagnetic Propulsion
Curriculum for Excellence. Higher Physics. Success Guide
Curriculum for Excellence Higher Physics Success Guide Electricity Our Dynamic Universe Particles and Waves Electricity Key Area Monitoring and Measuring A.C. Monitoring alternating current signals with
PHYS 1624 University Physics I. PHYS 2644 University Physics II
PHYS 1624 Physics I An introduction to mechanics, heat, and wave motion. This is a calculus- based course for Scientists and Engineers. 4 hours (3 lecture/3 lab) Prerequisites: Credit for MATH 2413 (Calculus
Slice Emittance Measurements at the SLAC Gun Test Facility*
SLAC-PUB-954 September Slice Emittance Measurements at the SLAC Gun Test Facility* D. H. Dowell, P. R. Bolton, J.E. Clendenin, P. Emma, S.M. Gierman, C.G. Limborg, B.F. Murphy, J.F. Schmerge Stanford Linear
Wake Field Calculations at DESY
Wake Field Calculations at DESY Impedance Budget for the European XFEL Igor Zagorodnov Collaboration Meeting at PAL Pohang, Korea 2-6. September 213 Overview Numerical Methods for Wake Filed Calculations
Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University and TARLA Facility
Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University and TARLA Facility Avni Aksoy Ankara University avniaksoy@ankara.edu.tr On behalf of IAT & TARLA Team Contents Brief history of TAC project Institute
Surface plasmon nanophotonics: optics below the diffraction limit
Surface plasmon nanophotonics: optics below the diffraction limit Albert Polman Center for nanophotonics FOM-Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam Jeroen Kalkman Hans Mertens Joan Penninkhof Rene de Waele Teun van
Periodic wave in spatial domain - length scale is wavelength Given symbol l y
1.4 Periodic Waves Often have situations where wave repeats at regular intervals Electromagnetic wave in optical fibre Sound from a guitar string. These regularly repeating waves are known as periodic
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICS MASTER OF SCIENCES IN PHYSICS (MS PHYS) (LIST OF COURSES BY SEMESTER, THESIS OPTION)
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN PHYSICS Admission Requirements 1. Possession of a BS degree from a reputable institution or, for non-physics majors, a GPA of 2.5 or better in at least 15 units in the following advanced
Modern Classical Optics
Modern Classical Optics GEOFFREY BROOKER Department of Physics University of Oxford OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Electromagnetism and basic optics 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Maxwell equations 1
How To Understand Light And Color
PRACTICE EXAM IV P202 SPRING 2004 1. In two separate double slit experiments, an interference pattern is observed on a screen. In the first experiment, violet light (λ = 754 nm) is used and a second-order
Les Accélérateurs Laser Plasma
Les Accélérateurs Laser Plasma Victor Malka Laboratoire d Optique Appliquée ENSTA ParisTech Ecole Polytechnique CNRS PALAISEAU, France victor.malka@ensta.fr Accelerators : One century of exploration of
Physics 111 Homework Solutions Week #9 - Tuesday
Physics 111 Homework Solutions Week #9 - Tuesday Friday, February 25, 2011 Chapter 22 Questions - None Multiple-Choice 223 A 224 C 225 B 226 B 227 B 229 D Problems 227 In this double slit experiment we
Robust Algorithms for Current Deposition and Dynamic Load-balancing in a GPU Particle-in-Cell Code
Robust Algorithms for Current Deposition and Dynamic Load-balancing in a GPU Particle-in-Cell Code F. Rossi, S. Sinigardi, P. Londrillo & G. Turchetti University of Bologna & INFN GPU2014, Rome, Sept 17th
Concept 2. A. Description of light-matter interaction B. Quantitatities in spectroscopy
Concept 2 A. Description of light-matter interaction B. Quantitatities in spectroscopy Dipole approximation Rabi oscillations Einstein kinetics in two-level system B. Absorption: quantitative description
Blackbody radiation derivation of Planck s radiation low
Blackbody radiation derivation of Planck s radiation low 1 Classical theories of Lorentz and Debye: Lorentz (oscillator model): Electrons and ions of matter were treated as a simple harmonic oscillators
RF FRONT END FOR HIGH BANDWIDTH BUNCH ARRIVAL TIME MONITORS IN FREE-ELECTRON LASERS AT DESY
Proceedings of IBIC212, Tsukuba, Japan RF FRONT END FOR HIGH BANDWIDTH BUNCH ARRIVAL TIME MONITORS IN FREE-ELECTRON LASERS AT DESY A. Penirschke #, A. Angelovski, M. Hansli, R. Jakoby, Institut für Mikrowellentechnik
Energy. Mechanical Energy
Principles of Imaging Science I (RAD119) Electromagnetic Radiation Energy Definition of energy Ability to do work Physicist s definition of work Work = force x distance Force acting upon object over distance
Wir schaffen Wissen heute für morgen
Diffractive optics for photon beam diagnostics at hard XFELs Wir schaffen Wissen heute für morgen PSI: SLAC: ESRF: SOLEIL: APS: SACLA: EuroXFEL C. David, S. Rutishauser, P. Karvinen, Y. Kayser, U. Flechsig,
Boardworks AS Physics
Boardworks AS Physics Vectors 24 slides 11 Flash activities Prefixes, scalars and vectors Guide to the SI unit prefixes of orders of magnitude Matching powers of ten to their SI unit prefixes Guide to
Towards large dynamic range beam diagnostics and beam dynamics studies. Pavel Evtushenko
Towards large dynamic range beam diagnostics and beam dynamics studies Pavel Evtushenko Motivation Linacs with average current 1-2 ma and energy 1-2.5 GeV are envisioned as drivers for next generation
Optical Synchronization of a Free-Electron Laser with Femtosecond Precision
DESY-Thesis 29-31 TESLA-FEL 29-8 Optical Synchronization of a Free-Electron Laser with Femtosecond Precision Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades des Fachbereichs Physik der Universität Hamburg
The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS. Wednesday, June 17, 2015 1:15 to 4:15 p.m.
P.S./PHYSICS The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS Wednesday, June 17, 2015 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications
Cathode Ray Tube. Introduction. Functional principle
Introduction The Cathode Ray Tube or Braun s Tube was invented by the German physicist Karl Ferdinand Braun in 897 and is today used in computer monitors, TV sets and oscilloscope tubes. The path of the
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Physics 111.6 MIDTERM TEST #4 March 15, 2007 Time: 90 minutes NAME: (Last) Please Print (Given) STUDENT NO.: LECTURE SECTION (please
CONTROL ROOM ACCELERATOR PHYSICS
1/30/14 USPAS 1 CONTROL ROOM ACCELERATOR PHYSICS Trajectory/ Applications 1/30/14 USPAS 2 Objective Maintain the beam (bunch) propagation along its design trajectory There are always errors from power
Electromagnetic (EM) waves. Electric and Magnetic Fields. L 30 Electricity and Magnetism [7] James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
![Electromagnetic (EM) waves. Electric and Magnetic Fields. L 30 Electricity and Magnetism [7] James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)](/thumbs/40/20813653.jpg "Electromagnetic (EM) waves. Electric and Magnetic Fields. L 30 Electricity and Magnetism [7] James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)")
L 30 Electricity and Magnetism [7] ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Faraday laid the groundwork with his discovery of electromagnetic induction Maxwell added the last piece of the puzzle Heinrich Hertz made the experimental
Results: Low current (2 10 12 ) Worst case: 800 MHz, 12 50 GeV, 4 turns Energy oscillation amplitude 154 MeV, where
Status Focus has shifted to a neutrino factory Two comprehensive designs of acceleration (liancs, arcs) Jefferson Lab, for Fermilab Study CERN (Keil et al.) Jefferson Lab study Low (2 10 12 ) charge per
Relativistic kinematics basic energy, mass and momentum units, Lorents force, track bending, sagitta. First accelerator: cathode ray tube
Accelerators Relativistic kinematics basic energy, mass and momentum units, Lorents force, track bending, sagitta Basic static acceleration: First accelerator: cathode ray tube Cathode C consist of a filament,
Does Quantum Mechanics Make Sense? Size
Does Quantum Mechanics Make Sense? Some relatively simple concepts show why the answer is yes. Size Classical Mechanics Quantum Mechanics Relative Absolute What does relative vs. absolute size mean? Why
DOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB COMPUTATIONAL OPTICS RAYLEIGH-SOMMERFELD DIFFRACTION INTEGRAL OF THE FIRST KIND
DOING PHYSICS WITH MATLAB COMPUTATIONAL OPTICS RAYLEIGH-SOMMERFELD DIFFRACTION INTEGRAL OF THE FIRST KIND THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE RADIANT FLUX DENSITY AT THE FOCUS OF A CONVERGENCE BEAM
Review Questions PHYS 2426 Exam 2
Review Questions PHYS 2426 Exam 2 1. If 4.7 x 10 16 electrons pass a particular point in a wire every second, what is the current in the wire? A) 4.7 ma B) 7.5 A C) 2.9 A D) 7.5 ma E) 0.29 A Ans: D 2.
STAR: State of the art
i n v e s t i a m o n e l v o s t r o f u t u r o STAR: State of the art Raffaele G. Agostino PON MaTeRiA Materials and Technologies for Advanced Research MaTeRiA EU/National Funding PON Ricerca e Competititvità
Physics 30 Worksheet # 14: Michelson Experiment
Physics 30 Worksheet # 14: Michelson Experiment 1. The speed of light found by a Michelson experiment was found to be 2.90 x 10 8 m/s. If the two hills were 20.0 km apart, what was the frequency of the
Insertion Devices Lecture 4 Permanent Magnet Undulators. Jim Clarke ASTeC Daresbury Laboratory
Insertion Devices Lecture 4 Permanent Magnet Undulators Jim Clarke ASTeC Daresbury Laboratory Introduction to Lecture 4 So far we have discussed at length what the properties of SR are, when it is generated,
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves: I
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fields and Waves: I Fall 2007, EE 30348, Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame Mid Term II: Solutions Please show your steps clearly and sketch figures wherever
FLASH Commissioning and Startup
FLASH Seminar 8-May-2007, DESY FLASH Commissioning and Startup email: siegfried.schreiber@desy.de Commissioning Startup Accelerator/FEL Studies Main Commissioning Tasks Modules: RF/LLRF warm/cold coupler
Development of a Low Frequency Superconducting RF Electron Gun. September 2010
Development of a Low Frequency Superconducting RF Electron Gun Contract DE-FG02-07ER84861 07ER84861 Terry Grimm September 2010 Outline Collaboration Concept Scientific justification Design electromagnetic
Physics 202 Problems - Week 8 Worked Problems Chapter 25: 7, 23, 36, 62, 72
Physics 202 Problems - Week 8 Worked Problems Chapter 25: 7, 23, 36, 62, 72 Problem 25.7) A light beam traveling in the negative z direction has a magnetic field B = (2.32 10 9 T )ˆx + ( 4.02 10 9 T )ŷ
DEGREE: Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation COURSE: 1º TERM: 2º WEEKLY PLANNING
SESSION WEEK COURSE: Physics II DEGREE: Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation COURSE: 1º TERM: 2º WEEKLY PLANNING DESCRIPTION GROUPS (mark ) Indicate YES/NO If the session needs 2
Examples of Uniform EM Plane Waves
Examples of Uniform EM Plane Waves Outline Reminder of Wave Equation Reminder of Relation Between E & H Energy Transported by EM Waves (Poynting Vector) Examples of Energy Transport by EM Waves 1 Coupling
v = fλ PROGRESSIVE WAVES 1 Candidates should be able to :
PROGRESSIVE WAVES 1 Candidates should be able to : Describe and distinguish between progressive longitudinal and transverse waves. With the exception of electromagnetic waves, which do not need a material
Physics 214 Waves and Quantum Physics. Lecture 1, p 1
Physics 214 Waves and Quantum Physics Lecture 1, p 1 Welcome to Physics 214 Faculty: Lectures A&B: Paul Kwiat Discussion: Nadya Mason Labs: Karin Dahmen All course information is on the web site. Read
Status of the SOLEIL project Commissioning from Linac to beamlines
Status of the SOLEIL project Commissioning from Linac to beamlines On behalf of the commissioning team 2 D01-1-CX1/DT/DTC/absorption Y Axis Title 0-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 X Axis Title 1 Site
arxiv:1111.4354v2 [physics.acc-ph] 27 Oct 2014
![arxiv:1111.4354v2 [physics.acc-ph] 27 Oct 2014](/thumbs/39/19151390.jpg "arxiv:1111.4354v2 [physics.acc-ph] 27 Oct 2014")
Theory of Electromagnetic Fields Andrzej Wolski University of Liverpool, and the Cockcroft Institute, UK arxiv:1111.4354v2 [physics.acc-ph] 27 Oct 2014 Abstract We discuss the theory of electromagnetic
High Brightness Photo Injectors for Brilliant Light Sources
High Brightness Photo Injectors for Brilliant Light Sources Frank Stephan and Mikhail Krasilnikov Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany Keywords Average current Beam optimization Beam
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATIONS
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATIONS 1. Photons 2. Photoelectric Effect 3. Experimental Set-up to study Photoelectric Effect 4. Effect of Intensity, Frequency, Potential on P.E.
How To Understand The Physics Of A Single Particle
Learning Objectives for AP Physics These course objectives are intended to elaborate on the content outline for Physics B and Physics C found in the AP Physics Course Description. In addition to the five
Polarization Dependence in X-ray Spectroscopy and Scattering. S P Collins et al Diamond Light Source UK
Polarization Dependence in X-ray Spectroscopy and Scattering S P Collins et al Diamond Light Source UK Overview of talk 1. Experimental techniques at Diamond: why we care about x-ray polarization 2. How
The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS. Friday, June 20, 2014 1:15 to 4:15 p.m.
P.S./PHYSICS The University of the State of New York REGENTS HIGH SCHOOL EXAMINATION PHYSICAL SETTING PHYSICS Friday, June 20, 2014 1:15 to 4:15 p.m., only The possession or use of any communications device
CREOL, College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida
OSE6650 - Optical Properties of Nanostructured Materials Optical Properties of Nanostructured Materials Fall 2013 Class 3 slide 1 Challenge: excite and detect the near field Thus far: Nanostructured materials
Wave-particle and wave-wave interactions in the Solar Wind: simulations and observations
Wave-particle and wave-wave interactions in the Solar Wind: simulations and observations Lorenzo Matteini University of Florence, Italy In collaboration with Petr Hellinger, Simone Landi, and Marco Velli
Multipartite entanglement and sudden death in Quantum Optics: continuous variables domain
Multipartite entanglement and sudden death in Quantum Optics: continuous variables domain Inst. de Física Marcelo Martinelli Lab. de Manipulação Coerente de Átomos e Luz Laboratório de Manipulação Coerente
Light as a Wave. The Nature of Light. EM Radiation Spectrum. EM Radiation Spectrum. Electromagnetic Radiation
The Nature of Light Light and other forms of radiation carry information to us from distance astronomical objects Visible light is a subset of a huge spectrum of electromagnetic radiation Maxwell pioneered
THE DUKE FEL LIGHT SOURCE FACILITY
THE DUKE FEL LIGHT SOURCE FACILITY J. M. J. Madey, Director, and the Faculty and Staff of the FEL Laboratory PO Box 90319, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 Abstract FEL research has proceeded during the
BEPC UPGRADES AND TAU-CHARM FACTORY DESIGN
BEPC UPGRADES AND TAU-CHARM FACTORY DESIGN Abstract BEPC Group, presented by Yingzhi Wu Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing 100039, P.R. China The luminosity upgrades of the BEPC are briefly reviewed.
LHC optics measurement & correction procedures. M. Aiba, R. Calaga, A. Morita, R. Tomás & G. Vanbavinckhove
LHC optics measurement & correction procedures M. Aiba, R. Calaga, A. Morita, R. Tomás & G. Vanbavinckhove Thanks to: I. Agapov, M. Bai, A. Franchi, M. Giovannozzi, V. Kain, G. Kruk, J. Netzel, S. Redaelli,
Calculating particle properties of a wave
Calculating particle properties of a wave A light wave consists of particles (photons): The energy E of the particle is calculated from the frequency f of the wave via Planck: E = h f (1) A particle can
3.5.4.2 One example: Michelson interferometer
3.5.4.2 One example: Michelson interferometer mirror 1 mirror 2 light source 1 2 3 beam splitter 4 object (n object ) interference pattern we either observe fringes of same thickness (parallel light) or
Radiant Dyes Laser Accessories GmbH
New NarrowScan New Resonator Design Improved Sine Drive Unit Autotracking Frequency doubling, tripling and mixing Wavelength Separation Unit Frequency Stabilization Temperature Stabilization Wavelength
Contents. Goldstone Bosons in 3He-A Soft Modes Dynamics and Lie Algebra of Group G:
... Vlll Contents 3. Textures and Supercurrents in Superfluid Phases of 3He 3.1. Textures, Gradient Energy and Rigidity 3.2. Why Superfuids are Superfluid 3.3. Superfluidity and Response to a Transverse
Tom Wilson Product Marketing Manager Delivery Systems Varian Medical Systems International AG. CERN Accelerator School, May 2015
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Tom Wilson Product Marketing Manager Delivery Systems Varian Medical Systems International AG VARIAN ONCOLOGY SYSTEMS 1 VARIAN ONCOLOGY SYSTEMS CERN Accelerator, May 2015 Industrial Design
E/M Experiment: Electrons in a Magnetic Field.
E/M Experiment: Electrons in a Magnetic Field. PRE-LAB You will be doing this experiment before we cover the relevant material in class. But there are only two fundamental concepts that you need to understand.