2. What two immigrant groups of people made up the largest number of laborers on the railroad?

Transcription

1 Chapter 14 A New Industrial Age Essential Question What Impact did scientific discoveries and manufacturing processes have on the nature of work, the American labor movement, and American businesses? Alabama Course of Study Explain the transition of the United States from an agrarian society to an industrial nation prior to World War I. Interpreting the impact of change from workshop to factory on workers lives, including the New Industrial Age from 1870 to 1900, the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), the Pullman Strike, the Haymarket Square Riot, and the impact of John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Samuel Gompers, Eugene V. Debs, Philip Randolph, and Thomas Alva Edison Explaining national legislation affecting the Progressive movement, including the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act Vocabulary 1. Edwin Drake 2. Bessemer Process 3. Thomas Edison 4. Alexander Graham Bell 5. George Pullman Strike 6. Credit Mobilier 7. Interstate Commerce Act 8. Andrew Carnegie 9. Vertical and horizontal integration 10. Social Darwinism 11. John Rockefeller 12. Sherman Anti-trust Act 13. Samuel Gompers 14. Eugene Debs 15. American Federation of Labor 16. Haymarket Square Riot 17. Industrial Workers of the World 14.1 The Expansion of Industry 1. What factors led to an industrial boom in the United States, after the Civil War? 2. What caused gasoline to become the most important form of oil? 3. Why is steel better to use than iron? 4. What was the name of Edison s research laboratory? 5. Why was electricity such a huge development for manufacturing plants (factories)? 6. Why was the invention of the telephone so important? 7. What effect did industrialization have on women in the workforce? 14.2 The Ages of the Railroads 1. What two railroad companies constructed the transcontinental railroad? Where was it completed? 2. What two immigrant groups of people made up the largest number of laborers on the railroad? 3. How did the railroad effect the way that time is kept around the world?

2 4. What effect did the railroad have on other industries, businesses, and cities? 5. Why was the town of Pullman, built the way it was? 6. Why did residents of Pullman riot? 7. Who did Credit Mobilier benefit? 8. Who did the Grange want to control the railroad? 9. Why were farmers upset with railroad companies? 10. How did the Grange take on the railroad companies? 11. What important principle did the court decision of Munn v. Illinois set for the federal government? 12. Why was the Interstate Commerce Act not successful until years later? 14.3 Big Business and Labor 1. What made Carnegie a model of the American success story? 2. How did Carnegie gain a monopoly over the steel industry? 3. What does laissez faire mean? 4. According to people who believed in Social Darwinism, what was the role of the government in economics? 5. What is a merger? 6. What is a monopoly? 7. What is a trust?

3 8. How did Rockefeller gain a monopoly over the oil industry? 9. What were industrialists called for using shrewd business tactics for profit called? 10. What were some reasons the South didn t industrialize after the Civil War? 11. What were some issues for industrial workers all around the nation? 12. What were the goals of the first labor unions? 13. What is collective bargaining? 14. What is Socialism? 15. What labor union was created by socialists? 16. How did the public feel about unions after the Great Strike of 1877 and the Haymarket Strike? 17. How did companies, police, and the government usually respond to strikes? 18. What contribution did Mother Jones, make to the labor movement? 19. What factors made the Triangle Shirtwaiste fire so lethal? 20. Originally used to stop monopolies from forming, what did industrial leaders use to stop unions and strikes?

4 1. What factors led to an industrial boom in the United States, after the Civil War? a wealth of natural resources government support for business a growing urban population that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products. 2. What caused gasoline to become the most important form of oil? automobiles 3. Why is steel better to use than iron? Stronger and more flexible. 4. What was the name of Edison s research laboratory? Menlo Park 5. Why was electricity such a huge development for manufacturing plants (factories)? You could now put a factory anywhere you want. Not limited to a river. 6. Why was the invention of the telephone so important? Opened up newer markets further away. Long distance communication. 7. What effect did industrialization have on women in the workforce? Created more jobs for women. Also, created those jobs away from the home in a factory. Made some work easier to do The Ages of the Railroads 1. What two railroad companies constructed the transcontinental railroad? Central Pacific and Union Pacific Where was it completed? Promontory Point, Utah 2. What two immigrant groups of people made up the largest number of laborers on the railroad? Chinese in the West, Irish in the East. 3. How did the railroad effect the way that time is kept around the world? Created 24 time zones around the world. 4. What effect did the railroad have on other industries, businesses, and cities? Growth of other industries to support the railroad industry, more jobs, new towns, and western migration. 5. Why was the town of Pullman, built the way it was? Pullman was built specifically for the workers and it was a very nice place to live but, strict. Pullman hoped that his tightly controlled environment would ensure a stable work force. 6. Why did residents of Pullman riot? Pullman s refusal to lower rents after cutting his employees pay 7. Who did Credit Mobilier benefit? The shareholders 8. Who did the Grange want to control the railroad? The government 9. Why were farmers upset with railroad companies? misuse of government land grants entered into formal agreements to fix prices charged different customers different rates 10. How did the Grange take on the railroad companies? Through politics 11. What important principle did the court decision of Munn v. Illinois set for the federal government? the federal government s right to regulate private industry to serve the public interest. 12. Why was the Interstate Commerce Act not successful until years later? the Supreme Court ruled that a state could not set rates on inter- state commerce railroad traffic that either came from or was going to another state.

5 14.3 Big Business and Labor 1. What made Carnegie a model of the American success story? His rise from rags to riches, along with his passion for supporting charities 2. How did Carnegie gain a monopoly over the steel industry? Using vertical and horizontal integration. 3. What does laissez faire mean? (a French term meaning allow to do ) or, keep your nose out of my business. 4. According to people who believed in Social Darwinism, what was the role of the government in economics? To stay out of it, not interfere. 5. What is a merger? one corporation bought out the stock of another. 6. What is a monopoly? complete control over its industry s production, wages, and prices. 7. What is a trust? Companies in a trust turned their stock over to a group of trustees people who ran the separate companies as one large corporation. In return, the companies were entitled to dividends on profits earned by the trust. Trusts were not legal mergers. 8. How did Rockefeller gain a monopoly over the oil industry? Forming Trusts. Drove his competitors out of business by selling his oil at a lower price than it cost to produce it. 9. What were industrialists called for using shrewd business tactics for profit called? Robber Baron 10. What were some reasons the South didn t industrialize after the Civil War? Northern businesses already owned 90 percent of the stock in the most profitable Southern enterprise, the railroads, thereby keeping the South in a stranglehold. The South remained mostly agricultural. 11. What were some issues for industrial workers all around the nation? wages working hours working conditions 12. What were the goals of the first labor unions? increase pay fewer working hours better and safer working conditions 13. What is collective bargaining? negotiation between representatives of labor and management 14. What is Socialism? an economic and political system based on government control of business and property and equal distribution of wealth 15. What labor union was created by socialists? the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), or the Wobblies. 16. How did the public feel about unions after the Great Strike of 1877 and the Haymarket Strike? the public began to turn against the labor movement. 17. How did companies, police, and the government usually respond to strikes? With violence 18. What contribution did Mother Jones, make to the labor movement? the passage of child labor laws. 19. What factors made the Triangle Shirtwaiste fire so lethal? The company had locked all but one of the exit doors, the outside fire escape broke, no sprinklers, low water pressure for hoses, oily machines, and lots of cloth and paper.

6 20. Originally used to stop monopolies from forming, what did industrial leaders use to stop unions and strikes? Sherman Antitrust Act