TEKS 6(F), 8(A), 14(B), 22(A), 22(B), 22(C), 22(D), 23(A), 24(F), 24(H), 25(D)

Transcription

1 1 Warm-up The advent of television transformed life in the United States after World War II. This 1949 advertisement for the Bank of the Manhattan Company called television a miracle that was undreamed of one hundred and fifty years ago. Study the ad and then complete one of the activities that follow. 1. The year is 1955 and you work in the advertising department of Philco, a television manufacturer. Write the copy for a newspaper advertisement for your company s product. 2. The ad states that the next 150 years will hold many such miracles in store. Choose a miracle of technology that was developed between 1950 and 2000, and explain how it transformed American society. 2 The Postwar Economy 3 TEKS 6(F), 8(A), 14(B), 22(A), 22(B), 22(C), 22(D), 23(A), 24(F), 24(H), 25(D) 4 5 Regional Migration, Listen As the United States emerged from World War II, the American Dream of having a secure job and owning a house came within reach for many Americans. Fueled by the postwar baby boom, the economy rocketed forward in the late 1940s and 1950s. 7 Listen In the postwar years, the American economy prospered. The gross national product and the per capita income, the average annual income per person, nearly doubled from 1945 to A few large firms dominated many industries, forming conglomerates, corporations of smaller unrelated businesses, to protect themselves from economic downturns. At the same time, a new business, the franchise, began as entrepreneurs opened businesses under the name of a parent company. Fast-food restaurants, clothing stores, and other franchises began popping up all over the country. 8 Listen Advances in technology, such as television, computers, transistors, and nuclear power also spurred industrial growth as businesses met demands for new technologies. Medicine also took huge leaps. Dr. Jonas Salk and Dr. Thomas Francis discovered a vaccine for poliomyelitis, a disease claiming more than 20,000 lives a year. The workforce changed as more workers entered whitecollar jobs, especially in service industries. 9 Listen A growing economy and more affluence helped increase the birthrate, causing a baby boom in the 1950s. With growing incomes and families, many Americans left the cities for the suburbs, buying homes and depending on cars to carry them to jobs in cities and new suburban shopping centers. The GI Bill of Rights gave veterans low-interest loans so that they could purchase homes and provided educational stipends to attend college or graduate school. 10 Listen The government encouraged these changes by building new and better highways across the nation, which in turn inspired new businesses and resorts. Consumer credit, and debt, started to grow as lending agencies offered credit cards. 1

2 11 The Postwar Economy Begin Taking Notes 1. How did businesses reorganize after World War II? 2. How did technology transform life after World War II? 3. In what ways did the nation s work force change following World War II? 4. Why did suburbs and highway systems grow after World War II? 5. How did postwar conditions affect consumer credit? 12 Businesses Reorganize The postwar years were a time of great economic growth in America. Between 1945 and 1960, the per capita income, or average annual income per person, rose considerably. 13 Businesses Reorganize American businesses switched from providing war needs to meeting increasing demand for consumer products. In order to protect against economic downturns, many formed conglomerates, corporations made up of three or more unrelated businesses. The franchise system, in which small businesses contract with larger parent companies for goods and services, flourished. 14 Technology Transforms Life Developments in Technology During the 1950s Television Television becomes a popular and powerful medium. Computers and Electronics The invention of the transistor, a tiny circuit device that amplifies, controls, and generates electrical signals, revolutionizes computers and radios. 15 Technology Transforms Life Nuclear Power Wartime nuclear research is put to peacetime use in nuclear power plants and nuclear-powered submarines. Advances in Medicine Dr. Jonas Salk develops a vaccine against polio; advances in antibiotics and surgical techniques save countless lives. 16 Changes in the Work force 1 White Collar Workers Corporate expansion created more white-collar jobs. Office work was less dangerous and exhausting than factory work, and provided more opportunity for advancement. White collar workers often had little connection to their companies products, and often felt pressure to dress, think, and act alike. 2 Blue Collar Workers New machines reduced the number of manual labor-intensive jobs. Working conditions and wages improved. Labor unions won important gains; the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations merged to form the powerful AFL-CIO. 17 The Baby Boom The baby boom, or rise in birth rates, that had begun in the 1940s continued into the 1950s. 18 Suburbs, Cars, and Highways 1 Suburban Growth 2

3 The GI Bill of Rights gave returning soldiers low-income mortgages, enabling many to buy homes in newly built suburbs. Developers such as William J. Levitt built entire communities quickly and on one mold, using preassembled materials. Although most Americans enjoyed living in communities such as Levitt s, others complained that the new developments lacked variety. 2 Cars and Highways The growth of suburbs led more Americans to rely on cars for everyday transportation. More and better roads were needed to support the increase in cars. The 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act provided billions of dollars to build an interstate highway system. Cars became part of American culture as new businesses such as drive-in movies emerged. 19 Suburbs, Cars, and Highways 20 The Growth of Consumer Credit 21 Gasoline companies began offering credit cards with which consumers could purchase their product. Soon, lending agencies began to offer credit cards as well. Consumer debt rose as Americans used their credit cards to purchase washing machines, vacuum cleaners, television sets, and other consumer products. 22 The Postwar Economy Assessment Which of the following was a characteristic of white collar jobs in the 1950s? (A) work that was less dangerous than factory jobs (B) lack of opportunity for advancement (C) minimal pressure to conform to standards of dress (D) close connection with a company s product How did the GI Bill of Rights contribute to suburban growth? (A) It inspired Levitt to build suburban communities. (B) It provided former soldiers with low-income mortgages. (C) It established an interstate highway system. (D) It led to rising credit card debt. 23 The Postwar Economy Assessment Which of the following was a characteristic of white collar jobs in the 1950s? (A) work that was less dangerous than factory jobs (B) lack of opportunity for advancement (C) minimal pressure to conform to standards of dress (D) close connection with a company s product How did the GI Bill of Rights contribute to suburban growth? (A) It inspired Levitt to build suburban communities. (B) It provided former soldiers with low-income mortgages. (C) It established an interstate highway system. (D) It led to rising credit card debt. 24 QUIZ Put your name, date, and period on a piece of binder paper number it 1 to 10. Make sure to title the quiz. Complete the quiz. QUIZ 3

4 25 Work Look over your notes from today. 1. Answer the 5 questions from today s lecture. 2. In five sentences, write a brief summary of what we went over in class today. Use the highlighted key terms in your summary! Title the paper the same as the Lecture Notes. Make sure to put your Name, Date, and Period in the upper right hand corner of your page. Turn this in at the beginning of class tomorrow put it in the hand-in/collection basket. Worth 25 out of 100 points for this week s Daily grade. 4

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