Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and standards

Transcription

1 Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and standards Vehbi C. Gungor, Dilan Sahin, Taskin Kocak, Salih Ergut, Concettina Buccella, Carlo Cecati and Gerhard P.Hancke

2 Outline Review on smart grid Technologies, advantages and disadvantages Security, system reliability, robustness, availability, scalability, QoS Standardiza<on ac<vi<es Conclusion

3 Mo<va<on towards Smart Grids Aging electrical infrastructure Demand and consump<on Very complex power distribu<on network

4 Mo<va<on towards Smart Grids Lack of automated analysis Poor visibility Slow response <me by mechanical switches Lack of situa<onal awareness

5 Mo<va<on towards Smart Grids Popula<on & demand Global climate change Energy storage problem One- way communica<on Decrease in fossilfuel Resilience problem

6 Mo<va<on towards Smart Grids

7 What is Smart Grid Modern electric power grid : Effecincy, reliability and safety Smooth integra<on of RES by automa<on and Comm. Tech Reduc<on in fuel consump<on & green house gases emission Effec<ve integra<on in DG for demand side Energy storage for DG load balancing

8 Key factors Reliable and real- <me informa<on gives reliable delivery Online monitoring, diagnos<cs and protec<on

9 Investments US invest $3.4 billion Local distributed companies (Advanced metering + two- way comm. + automa<on)

10 AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) Advanced sensors Smart meters Monitoring Systems Computer Hardware SoYware & data management system Collec<on & distribu<on between meters & u<li<es

11 Communica<on Huge amount of data Further analysis, control, real- <me pricing Electric u<li<es : par<cipate of customers in smart grid for more efficiency and services

12 Communica<on Wired : Without interference problem Without ba]eries problem Wireless : Low- cost infrastructure Ease of comm. In unreachable area. A]enua<on by distance

13 Type of informa<on flow Sensors and electrical appliances To smart meters (Power Line/wireless) Smart meters To u<lity s data center ( Cellular technology/ Internet) Key limi<ng factors: Time of deployment, Opera<onal costs, availability of technology, urbun/rural environment, etc.

14 Available Communica<on Technologies ZigBee Wireless Mesh Cellular Network Communica<on Powerline communica<on Digital Subscriber Lines

15 ZigBee 16 Ch. In 2.4 GHz band, each with 5MHz Max output Power : 1 mw Data Rate : 250 Kb/s Modula<on : OQPSK Low in power usage, data rate, complexity, cost of deployment.

16 ZigBee Simplicity, mobility, easy network implementa<on Low processing capability, licence free frequency range, small memort size Solu<on : Interference detec<on/ avoidance scheme, energy efficient rou<ng control SEP (Smart Energy Profile)provides u<lity for sending informa<on real- <me, load control, real- <me pricing

17 Wireless Mesh In the case of drop down, network enables signal to find another rout via ac<ve nodes.

18 Wireless Mesh Cost effec<ve (self- healing, dynamic self- configura<on) High scalability service (coverage, load balancing network) Urban coverage by mul<- hopping and repea<ng Challenges such as fading or interference Reduc<on available bandwidth by loop problems Encryp<on must consider, metering informa<on through many nodes Coverage challenges, sufficient amount of nodes in cri<cal problems

19 Cellular Network Communica<on Types : GSM by Tmobile CDMA for residen<al u<li<es by Verizon UTMS, IP based and packet oriented by Telenor WiMAX- based smart meters by General Electric

20 Cellular Network Communica<on Already exist infrastructure Wide- spread and cost effec<ve Provide sufficient bandwidth Secure data trasmi<on, almost 100% coverage Need con<nuos availability Not provide garantee service in abnormal situa<ons

21 Powerline Communica<on First choice because of direct connec<on with meters, succesful implementa<on in urban As data comminuca<on between smart meters and concentrator. GPRS send data from concentrator to u<lity s center

22 Powerline Communica<on Exis<ng infrastructure Well- suited to urban area Already covering of u<lity companies Complexity in channel modeling due to noisy environment Number of connected devices, wiring distance Based on broadcas<ng in nature, security is cri<cal

23 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Wide spread availability Low- Cost in high density area High bandwidth data For cri<cal applica<on down- <me may can not be acceptable Distance dependence Because of high cost of installa<on in rural area.

24 Available Communica<on Technologies DSL, PLC, Op<cal fiber are costly for wide area deployments, but increase reliablity, capacity and security. Wireless technologies can reduce installa<on costs, but provide constrained bandwidth and security.

25 Smart Grid Requirments Security informa<on storage and transporta<on are extremely vital. To avoid cybera]acks. Reliability, robustness and availability mo<va<on : Aging infrastractures, increase energy consump<on Larg- scale : wireless, small- scale : wired Solu<on : Hybrid Communica<on technologies

26 Smart Grid Requirments Scalability To facilatate the opera<on of the power grid Self- configura<on, reliable protocols, security aspects. QoS mechanism must be provided to safety the communica<on requirments between supliers and customers. Determining QoS : Dynamic of the load - > detailed power price Power price - > reward system for home appliance. reward - > impact of delay and outage QoS reqirment is derived by op<mizing the reward.

27 Smart Grid Requirments Standards Overal smart grid system is lacking widely accepted standards. To avoid the integra<on of advanced applica<ons.

28 Smart Grid Requirments

29 Conclusion An evolu<on of electric power systems increase diffusion of distributed genera<on by renewable sources Enhance efficiency, reliablity and safety of exis<ng power grid Future work discussion of grid characteris<c Pilot projects Applica<ons Architecture