Paper 1 Answer 3 Questions They are at the front of exam paper:
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1 Paper 1 Answer 3 Questions They are at the front of exam paper: 1. Growing tension in Europe, , Why did WW1 begin? 2. The peace settlement at the end of WW1, The Treaty of Versailles, The league of Nations, why did it fail to maintain peace? 3. Hitler's foreign policy, Appeasement and the causes of WW2
2 Timings/Technique 35 minutes per section: 5 mins: description questions (4 marks)- describe 2 things (3 to be sure). A good paragraph mins: source questions (6 marks) Use your knowledge. Use the source, its provenance. How can you agree and disagree? mins: bullet point essay questions (10 Marks)- one para 1st bullet, one para 2 nd bullet: describe, explain each bullet. Final paragraph is your judgement: which is more important&why?
3 Growing tension in Europe, , Why did WW1 begin?
4 The Alliance system in Europe In 1914 the six most powerful countries in Europe were divided into opposing Alliances: The Triple Alliance Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Formed in The Triple Entente Britain France Russia. Formed in 1907 Neutral countries included, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain and Portugal. Each country was heavily armed, and each one had reasons for distrusting other countries in Europe.
5 Dreadnoughts and the naval race Guns that can fire in any direction Guns that can fire over 9KM Armour plating
6 Franz Ferdinand (above). On the right you can see him with his wife.
7 Growing Tension The Alliance system Assassination at Sarajevo 1914: The spark that lights the fuse The naval race The 1 st Moroccan/Tangier crisis 1905 The Bosnian crisis The arms race The 2 nd Moroccan/ Agadir crisis 1911
8 The peace settlement at the end of WW1, The Treaty of Versailles
9 The Paris peace conference Lloyd George, Clemenceau (with the walrus moustache) and Wilson at the peace conference.
10
11 Wilson (US president) Clemenceau (French president) about to operate the guillotine Lloyd George (British PM) The cartoon portrays Germany as bound and about to be executed, killed, destroyed by the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles German cartoon commentating on the Treaty of Versailles. The caption read Versailles sends Germany to the guillotine
12 The league of Nations, why did it fail to maintain peace?
13 The Failure of the League of Nations
14 Japan: in military uniform walking all over. Geneva was the HQ of the League of Nations The woman represents the league This man is Lord Lytton. He is Applying The Doormat Cartoon by David Low from 1933 Face saving Make-up to the League
15 The League was now seen as a joke. Nobody had any faith in the League. The USA was disgusted with it. The League was now badly damaged and had little authority. How did the Abyssinia crisis damage the League? The Abyssinian crisis killed off the League. It encouraged Hitler to show off his power. He now began to ignore the League.
16 USA and other powerful countries (USSR, Japan and Germany) either didn t join, joined late or left the League Self-interest of the Leading nations Why did the League of Nations fail? The treaties it had to enforce (i.e. Versailles) were seen as unfair Lack of troops. The League of Nations never had an army Decision making was slow and difficult due to the League meeting infrequently Leading countries were unwilling to disarm Economic sanctions did not work. They were meant to be the Leagues main weapon but countries could get round this by trading with the USA
17 League of Nations. Revision Mnemonic: When you revise this topic remember The League of Nations was a: F A I L U Re French and British self-interest Absent powers Ineffective sanctions Lack of armed forces Unfair Treaty of Versailles Reaching decisions far too slowly
18 Hitler's foreign policy, Appeasement and the causes of WW2
19 Abolish the harsh and unfair Treaty of Versailles Expand German Territory to the East to give Lebensraum Unite all German Speaking people Hitler's plans for Germany Rearm Germany Defeat the spread Of Communism To achieve all these aims Hitler argued it would be necessary to: Destroy the power of France Win the friendship of Italy Become an ally of Britain
20 The re-militarization of the Rhineland, 1936 In 1936 Hitler sent German troops back into the Rhineland. This was a popular move with the German people. The German army was still too weak to fight a war but Britain and France did nothing to stop Hitler breaking this term of the Treaty of Versailles. German civilians salute German forces crossing the Rhine River in open violation of the Treaty of Versailles
21
22 Anschluss with Austria 1000s await Hitler's arrival in Vienna in Hitler entering Vienna in triumph
23
24
25 Chamberlain (British PM) and Hitler shake hands at the Munich conference of Chamberlain thought that he had avoided war through his policy of appeasement. Appeasement in action
26 The attitude of the British Empire. Countries in the British Empire, such as Canada or India might not support war. No one wanted to repeat the horrors of World War One. Hitler was standing up to Communism. Hitler could prevent the spread of the USSR and Communism which Britain feared. People supported Appeasement because Britain was not ready for war. The government believed it needed time to get the army ready for war. Britain's economic problems were more important. Britain and France were suffering with debts and high unemployment and war was too expensive. The USA would not support Britain if war broke out. Remember Isolationism? USA did not want to get involved in another European war. People thought the Treaty of Versailles was unfair. Many felt that the Treaty was unfair and that Germany once it put right these wrongs would stay at peace.
27 It scared the USSR. Hitler made no secret that he planned to expand east (towards the USSR). Appeasement sent the message that Britain and France were not going to stop him doing this. It encouraged Hitler to be aggressive. With each gamble Hitler got away with he became more aggressive and more willing to take risks. It put too much trust in Hitler's promises. Hitler often went back on his promises. Appeasement was based on the idea that you could trust what Hitler said. What was wrong With appeasement? It allowed Germany to grow too strong. Germany was not just recovering lost ground it was becoming much more powerful than Britain or France.
28 The Nazi-Soviet pact 1939 Von Ribbentrop and Stalin look on in Moscow as Molotov (the Soviet foreign minister) signs the Nazi-Soviet pact.
29
30 Causes of WW2 revision Mnemonic The world went CRASHING into World War 2: C Civil war in Spain R Rhineland reoccupied (re-militarized) A Anschluss S Sudetenland taken H Hitler invaded rest of Czechoslovakia I Italy and Germany sign a pact N Nazi-Soviet pact G Germany invades Poland
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