A Practical Guide to Poultry Lighting

Transcription

1 A Practical Guide to Poultry Lighting September 25, 2014 Ian Rubinoff, DVM, MPH, DACPV Hy-Line International Technical Services Veterinarian Genetic Excellence

2 Outline Poultry biology refresher Understanding light Measuring light Impact of painting lights red Lens dispersion LED light overview Choosing the right light

3 Poultry biology Reception: 1. Retinal - Cone photoreceptors - Visual perception - Dopamine & UV-A melatonin 2a. Pineal Soul gland - Photoreceptors (>4 lux) - Circadian clock: seratonin and melatonin 2b. Hypothalamic Sexual Maturity - Deep encephalic photoreceptor - Sexual hormones 2a. 2b.

4 Poultry biology Basic Physiological effects of light: 1. Facilitate sight - Food search 1. Stimulate Internal Cycles - Circadian- day length changes 2. Initiate and regulate hormone release - Metabolic regulation: fat & muscle deposition - Reproduction - Calcium, phosphorus, and bone formation

5 Poultry physiology Wavelength differences Ultraviolet A-B light Vitamin D conversion, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, bone formation, immune system, blood pressure and circulation, muscle development Visual light Birds have 4 types of single-cone photoreceptors and tetra-chromatic color vision A 5 th single-cone is luminance based for motion detection Infrared light Perceived as heat

6 Basic Concepts Light Portion of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Radiation Ultra Violet (UV) Visible Infra red (IR) Light Environment: Duration e.i., Photoperiod, Day length Luminance e.i., Intensity Wavelength e.i., Color

7 Electromagnetic spectrum Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

8 Chromaticity Chromaticity is a method to measure the relative warmness or coolness of light Expressed in degrees of Kelvin Was originally developed for incandescent lights >4000K - cool K neutral and balanced <3000K - warm

9 Human wavelength recognition Courtesy of ONCE Innovations

10 Fowl wavelength recognition Courtesy of ONCE Innovations

11 Luminous Flux Luminous flux the total emitted visible light from a bulb, measured in lumens Source Gigahertz-Optik LED Tester Data Sheet

12 Luminous Intensity Luminous intensity (directional flux) quantifies the luminous flux emitted by a light source in a certain direction, measured in candelas or candles Source Gigahertz-Optik LED Tester Data Sheet

13 Illuminance Power Illuminance power the luminous flux per area illuminated by the light, measured in lux or foot candles (fc). The calculation is 1 lux = 1 lumen/m 2 or 1 lux = fc (lumen/m 2 ). 100 lumen 100 lumen 100 lux 1 m 2 10 lux 10 m 2

14 Light measurement Light meters are used to measure lux or foot candle 1 fc = lux or 1 lux = fc Equals conversion between 1 ft 2 and 1 m 2 All light meters are not created equal Traditional light meters only take into account peak human vision at around 555 nm Animal specific light meters can calculate the full spectrum vision Good light meters are scientific instruments and are priced accordingly!

15 Measuring light intensity Feed trough 29 Floor 46

16 Lux/clux difference Below light Lux Below light Clux Feed trough Lux Feed trough Clux Below light Lux/Clux Diff Feed trough Lux/Clux Diff % % Light Intensity % 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% % % 0 LED1 2700K LED2 2700K INC1 2750K LED2 5000K CFL1 5000K LED1 5000K CFL1 2700K LED3 LED4 0.0%

17 Understanding lux and clux Typical 5000K LED bulb Courtesy of ONCE Innovations

18 Measuring LED light intensity Traditional light meters cannot be used to measure LED lights accurately in a poultry house Most light meters are calibrated for visible light at a "white" color temperature, usually ~2800K and most closely associated with ~ nm wavelengths. The spectral response of most sensors and filters are designed to meet the CIE photopic/human Eye Response curve.

19 Measuring LED light intensity The result can be a range of "white" light correlated color temperature (CCT) from 10,000K to 2600K. Due to the sensor and filter designs there is a significant roll-off of the amount of light that is measured above or below the nominal human eye response, again nm.

20 Painting bulbs red Many producers paint bulbs red as tool to dim light and/or prevent pecking What is the actual effect of painting a bulb red?

21 Dimming effect of red paint CFL1 2700K LED1 5000K CFL1 5000K LED2 5000K INC1 2750K LED2 2700K LED1 2700K LED2 2700K painted LED2 5000K painted CFL1 2700K painted LED1 2700K painted LED1 5000K painted INC1 2750K painted CFL1 5000K painted Lux on floor Lux

22 Dimming effect of red paint Lux % dim Clux % dim CFL1 2700K CFL1 2700K painted % % CFL1 5000K CFL1 5000K painted % % INC1 2750K INC1 2750K painted % % LED1 2700K LED1 2700K painted % % LED1 5000K LED1 5000K painted % % LED2 2700K LED2 2700K painted % % LED2 5000K LED2 5000K painted % %

23 Incandescent Incandescent Incandescent painted red

24 Compact fluorescent 7 6 CFL 5000K CFL 5000K painted red

25 LED LED 5000K painted red LED 5000K

26 Painting bulbs red Red paint creates significant dimming 58 88% in this experiment Does not provide uniform dimming Red paint blocks almost all blue, green, and yellow spectrum The level of spectrum cutoff depends on the paint used This paint was around nm Red paint does not create any new red spectrum Only utilizes the red spectrum already available but at a lower intensity

27 Lens dispersion Understand the difference in bulb directionality Lights with high level of light dispersion CFL, incandescent Directionality can be useful or detrimental depending on the intended purpose Directional bulbs can save energy by focusing light where needed Bulb directionality matters in both cage and floor houses Floor spotlighting, floor eggs Cage cages that are too dark or too bright

28 Light dispersion

29 Light dispersion in cages

30 Light dispersion in cages 300 lux top lux bottom clux top clux bottom Illuminance power (lux/clux) Light Distance between lights (feet) Light 2

31 Switching to LED LED lights have a lot of advantages There is still a learning curve Understanding dimming Measuring intensity Directionality Assessing cost benefit Choosing a bulb

32 LED Benefits Full spectrum light Most efficient light bulb measured in lumens per watt Low infrared radiation (heat) non-glass materials allow for manufacture from waterproof and shatterproof materials Spectrum can be shifted Easier to dim than CFL bulbs Typically manufactured from non-toxic materials Long lifespan up to hrs (50,000 60,000 hours) Rapidly reaches peak light intensity after being turned on Ideal for areas where lights are turned on and off frequently Able to be used in cold weather Unique heat sink fins can keep dust off the bulb

33 LED Detriments Expensive current poultry specific LED lights may cost over $30 per bulb Correct dimmer must be used otherwise the light may flicker and burn out more quickly LED s require a good lens to diffuse the light in all directions not the situation for some LED lights The lack of sufficient light diffusion may cause dramatic changes in light intensity at the feeder if lights are placed too far apart The current maximum luminosity for commercial poultry LED lights is less than 1200 lumens and these lights are the most expensive The brightest commercial LED lights are sometimes not bright enough to retrofit a house that was using 23 W or sometimes even 13 W CFL bulbs without additional fittings being added

34 LED Detriments The wiring in the house may need to be changed to fit the ideal LED specifications The efficiency of the heat fins is critical to bulb life. If the heat is not pulled away from the diode, the electrical components can be damaged and cause the bulb to dim or burn out. Dust, poor design, poor ventilation around the bulb (in a jar) can all contribute to bulb decay or failure. The design of the heat fins is widely variable and some lights can be hard to clean because of the surface area required for heat dispersal The higher the luminosity, the larger the heat fin required Cheaper LED lights may not have an appropriate heat sink, spectrum, or hardware for poultry environments

35 Types of LED bulbs Household Available at Home Depot and Lowes Becoming less expensive Not created for usage in agriculture environments Created for human specific spectrum General agriculture Non-specific spectrums Available in both cool and warm bulbs Technical support may not be available Some producers report good results Inexpensive compared to poultry specific Poultry specific Very efficacious Best technical support Good track record of installation Designed to meet electric codes in barns Most expensive

36 What bulb should I choose? Great question! Depends on available capital Building a new farm, renovating, or only retrofitting What kind of housing system Barn, aviary, colony, enrichable cage, traditional cage Understand that LED light technology is rapidly improving Quality will improve and cost will decrease in the coming years

37 Regardless of bulb Be aware of the specifics of the bulb chosen Lumen output, spectrum, test the bulb in the house first if possible Invest in a proper dimmer LED s are computer chips and need surge protection Think long term For laying hens, use a 3500K or lower bulb to help ensure red spectrum availability For pullets, either warm or cool bulbs can be used Space the bulbs appropriately to minimize shadows or excessively bright areas

38 Questions?

39