Potassium Intake and Kidney Disease
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- Cynthia McGee
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1 PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION CLINICAL NUTRITION SERVICES (206) Optional High Calorie Menu, cont. Snacks 1) Macadamia nuts (25) ) 3 celery stalks with: Tbsp. creamy peanut butter ) 4 (2 oz.) shortbread cookies Intake and Kidney Disease Total for all snacks Total for the day Total calories for the day: 2300 Total protein for the day: 70g Please keep in mind that potassium and phosphorus are usually not on nutrition labels. Ask your dietitian if you are unsure of a particular food s potassium and/or phosphorus content. For More Information Clinical Nutrition Services (206) Sand Point Way N.E. Seattle, Washington Children s Hospital and Regional (Voice) Pub. 1/05 Medical Center, Seattle, WA, (TTY) (dl) All Rights Reserved (Toll-free/Voice) Printed on recycled paper PE489
2 What is? (pō tass eeum) is an electrolyte that we all need to keep our hearts, nervous systems and muscles healthy. It comes from the foods we eat. People with kidney failure are not able to get rid of extra potassium; it can build up in the blood and cause serious problems. Fruits and vegetables have more potassium than most other foods. The following is a list of low and high potassium fruits and vegetables. Work with your doctor or dietitian to find out your total potassium limit for one day then use this as a guideline to balance your intake. Low Fruits and Vegetables (0 200 mg) Fruits Apple (1 medium/1 cup) 160 Applesauce (1/2 cup) 90 Blackberries (1/2 cup) 140 Blueberries (1 cup) 130 Cherries (10 cherries/2 oz.) 150 Fruit cocktail (1/2 cup) 115 Grapes, seedless (10 grapes) 90 Grapefruit (1/2 medium/4 oz.) 170 Optional High Calorie Menu, cont. Lunch 1 Arby's regular roast beef sandwich Arby's side salad fl. oz. ginger ale Total for meal: Dinner 1(2 oz.) lamb loin chop, broiled with: tsp. Original Mrs. Dash /2 cup green peas with: tsp. unsalted butter /4 cup butternut squash, baked with: tsp. ground cinnamon /4 cup peaches, canned in heavy syrup with: Tbsp. light whipping cream Total for meal: Clinical Nutrition Services 2 Clinical Nutrition Services 15
3 Menu Ideas Day 2, cont. Snack 1/2 cup applesauce (14g) graham crackers Total for snack: Total for the day: Total calories for the day: 1500 Total protein for the day: 55g The following high calorie menu is for kids who need more calories, and can also tolerate higher potassium and sodium levels. This menu has less than 3000 mg of potassium and less than 3000 mg of sodium per day, while still keeping phosphorus below 800 mg per day. Optional High Calorie Menu Breakfast 1 (70g) plain bagel with: Tbsp. cream cheese cup diced watermelon Total for meal: Low Fruits, cont. Mango (1/2 medium/3.5 oz.) 160 Pears, canned in heavy syrup (1/2 cup) 90 Peach (1 medium/3 oz.) 170 Pineapple (1/2 cup) 90 Plums, canned in heavy syrup (1/2 cup) 115 Raspberries (1/2 cup) 95 Rhubarb, cooked (1/2 cup) 115 Tangerine (1medium/3 oz.) 130 Watermelon (1 cup) 175 Vegetables Alfalfa Sprouts (1/2 cup) 15 Asparagus (4 spears/2 oz.) 130 Bean sprouts: - Mung, raw (1 cup) Soybeans, raw (1/2 cup) 170 Cabbage, cooked (1 cup) 145 Carrots, raw (1/2 cup) 180 Cauliflower (1/2 cup) 150 Clinical Nutrition Services 14 Clinical Nutrition Services 3
4 Low Vegetables, cont. Celery (1/2 cup) 170 Collards, boiled (1 cup) 170 Cucumber (1/2 cup) 75 Eggplant, cooked (1/2 cup) 125 Garlic (4 cloves/0.5 oz.) 50 Green beans, boiled (1/2 cup) 185 Green peas (1/2 cup) 135 Lettuce (1 cup) 160 Mixed vegetables, frozen (1/2 cup) 155 Mushrooms (1/2 cup) 130 Okra, boiled (1/2 cup) 135 Radishes (10 radishes/1.5 oz.) 105 Rutabagas, raw (1 cup) 150 Summer squash, boiled (1/2 cup) 175 Sweet red pepper (1/2 cup) 130 Turnips, cooked (1/2 cup) 105 Water chestnuts, canned (1/2 cup) 85 Yellow onions (1/2 cup) 125 Menu Ideas Day 2, Lunch, cont. 10 seedless grapes fl.-oz. lemonade Total for meal: Dinner 1 bean burrito: - ½ cup pinto beans ¼ cup white rice (short grain) ½ Tbsp. Sour cream Tbsp. Cheddar cheese, (low sodium) (72g) white flour tortilla cup strawberries with: Tbsp. light whipping cream Total for meal: Clinical Nutrition Services 4 Clinical Nutrition Services 13
5 Menu Ideas Day 2 Breakfast 1 large poached egg (2 oz.) plain English muffin with: tsp. butter (unsalted) medium (4.3 oz.) orange Total for meal: Lunch 1 tuna salad sandwich: - ½ cup tuna (light/ in water/ canned) Tbsp. mayonnaise (light) Tbsp. yellow onions (light) Tbsp. celery slices (64g) sourdough bread High Fruits and Vegetables ( mg) Fruits Apricots (3 medium/3.5 oz.) 315 Avocados (1/4 medium/1.5 oz.) 275 Banana (1 medium/4 oz.) 450 Cantaloupe (1/2 cup) 245 Dates, dried (5 medium/1.4 oz.) 270 Figs (3 medium/5 oz.) 350 Honeydew melon (1/2 cup) 230 Kiwi (1medium/2.5 oz.) 250 Nectarine (1 medium/4.5 oz.) 290 Orange (1 medium/4.4 oz.) 235 Papaya (1/2 medium/5 oz.) 390 Pear, fresh (1 medium/5.5 oz.) 210 Plums (2 medium/4.4 oz.) 220 Prunes (5 medium/1.4 oz.) 315 Raisins, unpacked (1/4 cup) 275 Clinical Nutrition Services 12 Clinical Nutrition Services 5
6 High Vegetables Artichoke, boiled (1/4 medium/2.5 oz.) 265 Beans: - Kidney, canned (1/2 cup) Lima, canned (1/2 cup) Navy, canned (1/2 cup) Pinto, canned (1/2 cup) 290 Beets, boiled (1/2 cup) 260 Broccoli, cooked (1/2 cup) 230 Brussel sprouts, boiled (1/2 cup) 250 Corn, boiled (1/2 cup) 205 Green pepper (1 medium/4 oz.) 210 Greens: Mustard, boiled (1 cup) Spinach (1 cup) Swiss chard, boiled (1/2 cup) Turnip, boiled (1 cup) 290 Nuts, most kinds (3 oz-wt) 300 and up Parsnips, boiled (1/2 cup) 285 Menu Ideas Day 1, Dinner, cont. 3/4 cup mixed greens with: tsp. olive oil/1 tsp.balsamic vinegar fl.-oz. iced tea /4 cup sorbet (any flavor) Total for meal: Snacks 1) 5 (0.5 oz.) low sodium saltine crackers with: Tbsp. almond butter (plain/unsalted) ) 2 (74g) ginger snap cookies Total for both snacks: Total for the day: Total calories for the day: 1970 Total protein for the day: 55g Clinical Nutrition Services 6 Clinical Nutrition Services 11
7 Menu Ideas Day 1, cont. Lunch 1 turkey sandwich: - 3 slices (1.3 oz.) Oscar Mayer turkey breast (deli style) - 1 leaf romaine lettuce slices (1oz) tomato slices (64g) sourdough bread tsp. light mayonnaise medium (138g) apple fl.-oz. lemonade Total for meal: High Vegetables, cont. Peas - Blackeyed, cooked (1 cup) Chickpeas, cooked (1 cup) Lentils, cooked (1/2 cup) Lentils, split, cooked (1/2 cup) 355 Potatoes, boiled without skin (1 medium/4.5 oz.) 510 Rutabaga, boiled (1/2 cup) 275 Sweet potatoes, boiled without skin (1/2 cup) 300 Tomato (1 medium/4 oz.) 275 Winter squash, baked (1/2 cup) 445 Yams, boiled/baked (1/2 cup) 455 Dinner 2 ¾ oz.-wt. baked salmon (2 oz.) white pita bread Additional High Foods Milk is high in potassium. Limit milk to 1 cup per day unless you are told to do otherwise. Supplements such as Ensure Plus and Boost Plus also contain a lot of potassium. Always talk to your dietitian before using supplements. Clinical Nutrition Services 10 Clinical Nutrition Services 7
8 Many salt substitutes and lite salt products are made with potassium. Be aware of the potassium content before using these products. Salt substitutes made with spices, such as Mrs. Dash may be low in potassium and sodium. If you are unsure, ask your dietitian. Soaking the Out of Vegetables and Beans: Soaking lowers the amount of potassium in foods. Use the following method for soaking vegetables and beans. 1. Peel vegetables and slice thinly about 1/8 inch thick. 2. Rinse them with water. 3. Place them in a pan of warm water, using 10 times more water than food (for example, 1 cup of sliced food plus 10 cups of water). 4. Soak at least 30 minutes. 5. Drain and rinse food again using 5 times more water than food. Boil for 5 minutes. This is an important step to reduce potassium. 6. Drain water. Vegetables that have been soaked this way can be fried, mashed, scalloped, put in soups or stews or served fresh. Dried beans should be cooked and then soaked using the directions above. Canned beans can simply be rinsed and soaked. Menu Ideas The following sample menus give potassium, phosphorus, and sodium content of food. Each day contains less than 2000 mg of potassium, less than 800 mg of phosphorus and less than 2000 mg of sodium. Use these menus as a guide to help create your own. You can also ask your dietitian to help create menus based on your child s favorite foods. Day 1 Breakfast 1 cup cooked oatmeal with: ½ cup blueberries ½ cup Rice Dream (plain/unenriched) Tbsp. honey Total for meal: *This information has been supplemented using Northwest Kidney Centers literature. Clinical Nutrition Services 8 Clinical Nutrition Services 9
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