9.1 Naming Ions > Chapter 9 Chemical Names and Formulas. 9.1 Naming Ions. 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
|
- Samuel Walton
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 9 Chemical Names and Formulas 9.1 Naming Ions 9.2 Naming and Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds 9.3 Naming and Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds 9.4 Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases 9.5 The Laws Governing How Compounds Form 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
2 CHEMISTRY & YOU Do you speak Chemistry? Try looking at the ingredient label on a household product a bottle of shampoo, a tube of toothpaste, a box of detergent. Do the names of the ingredients make sense? 2 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
3 Monatomic Ions Monatomic Ions How can you determine the charges of monatomic ions? 3 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
4 Monatomic Ions Ionic compounds consist of a positive metal ion and a negative nonmetal ion combined in a proportion such that their charges add up to a net charge of zero. For example, the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl) consists of one sodium ion (Na + ) and one chloride ion (Cl ). 4 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
5 Monatomic Ions It is important, in learning the language of chemistry, to be able to name and write the chemical formulas for all ionic compounds. The first step is to learn about the ions that form ionic compounds. Some ions, called monatomic ions, consist of a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons, respectively. 5 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
6 Monatomic Ions Cations Recall that metallic elements tend to lose valence electrons. 6 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
7 Monatomic Ions Cations Recall that metallic elements tend to lose valence electrons. All the Group 1A ions have a 1+ charge (Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, and Cs + ). Group 2A metals, including magnesium and calcium, tend to lose two electrons to form cations with a 2+ charge (Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ). Aluminum is the only common Group 3A metal, and tends to lose three electrons to form a 3+ cation (Al 3+ ). 7 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
8 Monatomic Ions Cations When the metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number. 8 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
9 Monatomic Ions Cations This figure shows some of the elements whose ionic charges can be obtained from their positions in the periodic table. 9 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
10 Monatomic Ions Cations The names of the cations of Group 1A, Group 2A, and Group 3A metals are the same as the name of the metal, followed by the word ion or cation. Thus, Na + is the sodium ion (or cation), Ca 2+ is the calcium ion (or cation), and Al 3+ is the aluminum ion (or cation). 10 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
11 Monatomic Ions Anions Nonmetals tend to gain electrons to form anions, so the charge of a nonmetallic ion is negative. 11 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
12 Monatomic Ions Anions The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the group number. 12 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
13 Monatomic Ions Anions The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the group number. The elements in Group 7A form anions with a 1 charge (7 8 = 1). 13 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
14 Monatomic Ions Anions Anion names start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide. For example, two elements in Group 7A are fluorine and chlorine. The anions for these nonmetals are the fluoride ion (F ) and the chloride ion (Cl ). 14 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
15 Monatomic Ions Anions Anions of nonmetals in Group 6A have a 2 charge (6 8 = 2). Group 6A elements, oxygen and sulfur, form the oxide anion (O 2 ) and the sulfide anion (S 2 ), respectively. 15 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
16 Monatomic Ions Anions The first three elements in Group 5A, nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic, can form anions with a 3 charge (5 8 = 3). These anions have the symbols N 3, P 3, and As 3 and are called, respectively, nitride ion, phosphide ion, and arsenide ion. 16 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
17 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion Many of the transition metals (Groups 1B 8B) form more than one cation with different ionic charges. Some are shown at right. 17 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
18 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost. 18 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
19 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost. For example, the transition metal iron forms two common cations, Fe 2+ (two electrons lost) and Fe 3+ (three electrons lost). Cations of tin and lead, the two metals in Group 4A, can also have more than one common ionic charge. 19 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
20 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion Two methods are used to name ions that can have more than one common ionic charge. The preferred method is called the Stock system. 20 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
21 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion In the Stock system, you place a Roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the element to indicate the numerical value of the charge. For example, the cation Fe 2+ is named iron(ii) ion and is read iron two ion. No space is left between the element name and the Roman numeral in parentheses. The Fe 3+ ion is named iron(iii) ion and is read iron three ion. 21 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
22 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion An older, less useful method for naming these cations uses a root word with different suffixes at the end of the word. The older, or classical, name of the element is used to form the root name for the element. For example, ferrum is Latin for iron, so ferr- is the root name for iron. 22 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
23 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion An older, less useful method for naming these cations uses a root word with different suffixes at the end of the word. The suffix -ous is used to name the cation with the lower of the two ionic charges. The suffix -ic is used with the higher of the two ionic charges. Using this system, Fe 2+ is the ferrous ion, and Fe 3+ is the ferric ion. 23 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
24 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion You can usually identify an element from what may be an unfamiliar classical name by looking for the element s symbol in the name. For example, ferrous (Fe) is iron, cuprous (Cu) is copper, and stannous (Sn) is tin. 24 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
25 Monatomic Ions A major disadvantage of using classical names for ions is that they do not tell you the actual charge of the ion. Symbols and Names of Common Metal Ions With More Than One Ionic Charge Symbol Stock Name Classical Name Cu 2+ Copper(I) ion Cuprous ion Cu 2+ Copper(II) ion Cupric ion Pb 2+ Lead(II) ion Plumbous ion Pb 4+ Lead(IV) ion Plumbic ion 25 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
26 Monatomic Ions Metals That Form More Than One Ion A few transition metals have only one ionic charge. The names of these cations do not have a Roman numeral. These exceptions include silver, with cations that have a 1+ charge (Ag + ), as well as cadmium and zinc, with cations that have a 2+ charge (Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ ). 26 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
27 Sample Problem 9.1 Naming Cations and Anions Name the ion formed by each of the following elements: a. potassium b. lead, 4 electrons lost c. sulfur 27 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
28 Sample Problem Analyze Identify the relevant concepts. You can use the periodic table to determine the charge of most Group A elements. Ions with positive charges are cations; ions with negative charges are anions. The names of nonmetallic anions end in -ide. Metallic cations take the name of the metal. Some metals, including transition metals, can form more than one cation. Use a Roman number in the Stock name or use the classical name with a suffix to name these metals. 28 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
29 Sample Problem Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Write the symbol for the element. a. K b. Pb c. S 29 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
30 Sample Problem Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Determine the charge of the ion formed by the element. a. K 1+ b. Pb 4+ c. S 2 A negative charge means electrons gained; a positive charge means electrons lost. 30 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
31 Sample Problem Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Determine whether the ion is a cation or an anion. a. K 1+ K + is a cation. b. Pb 4+ Pb 4+ is a cation. c. S 2 S 2 is an anion. 31 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
32 Sample Problem Solve Apply concepts to the situation. Apply the appropriate rules for naming the ion. Use a Roman numeral if necessary. a. Following the rules for naming metallic cations, K + is named potassium ion. b. Following the rules for naming metals that can form more than one cation, Pb 4+ is named lead(iv) or plumbic ion. c. Following the rules for naming nonmetallic anions, S 2 is named sulfide ion. 32 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
33 What type of elements (metals or nonmetals) tends to form cations? What type of elements tends to form anions? 33 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
34 What type of elements (metals or nonmetals) tends to form cations? What type of elements tends to form anions? Metals tend to form cations. Nonmetals tend to form anions. 34 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
35 CHEMISTRY & YOU Suppose you were trying to teach someone how to name ions. Which rules about the language of chemistry would you emphasize? 35 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
36 CHEMISTRY & YOU Suppose you were trying to teach someone how to name ions. Which rules about the language of chemistry would you emphasize? For cations, the word ion or cation follows the name of the element. Metals that form more than one cation are named by adding a Roman numeral in parentheses to indicate the value of the charge after the name of the element, followed by the word ion. Anion names start with the stem of the element name and end in -ide. 36 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
37 Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions How do polyatomic ions differ from monatomic ions? How are they similar? 37 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
38 Polyatomic Ions Unlike a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion is composed of more than one atom. But like a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion behaves as a unit and carries a charge. 38 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
39 Polyatomic Ions The sulfate anion consists of one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms. These five atoms together comprise a single anion with an overall 2 charge. The formula is written SO Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
40 Polyatomic Ions You can see the structure of the sulfate ion along with three other common polyatomic ions below. Ammonium ion (NH 4+ ) Nitrate ion (NO 3 ) Sulfate ion (SO 4 2 ) Phosphate ion (PO 4 3 ) 40 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
41 Polyatomic Ions Common Polyatomic Ions Charge Formula Name 1 2 HSO 4 Hydrogen sulfate NO 2 Nitrite ClO Hypochlorite SO 2 3 SO 2 4 CO 2 3 Sulfite Sulfate Carbonate 3 PO 3 4 Phosphate 1+ NH + 4 Ammonium The names and formulas of some common polyatomic ions are shown here. Note that the names of most polyatomic ions end in -ite or -ate. 41 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
42 Polyatomic Ions Common Polyatomic Ions Charge Formula Name 1 2 HSO 4 Hydrogen sulfate NO 2 Nitrite ClO Hypochlorite SO 2 3 SO 2 4 CO 2 3 Sulfite Sulfate Carbonate 3 PO 4 3 Phosphate For example, notice the endings of the names of the hypochlorite ion (ClO ) and the carbonate ion (CO 3 ). 1+ NH 4 + Ammonium 42 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
43 Polyatomic Ions Common Polyatomic Ions Charge Formula Name 1 2 HSO 4 Hydrogen sulfate NO 2 Nitrite ClO Hypochlorite SO 2 3 SO 2 4 CO 2 3 Sulfite Sulfate Carbonate 3 PO 3 4 Phosphate 1+ NH + 4 Ammonium Sometimes the same two or three elements combine in different ratios to form different polyatomic ions. Look for pairs of ions for which there is both an -ite and an -ate ending, for example, sulfite and sulfate. 43 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
44 Polyatomic Ions Note the number of oxygen atoms and the endings on each name. You should be able to discern a pattern in the naming convention. -ite SO 2 3, sulfite NO 2, nitrite ClO 2, chlorite -ate SO 2 4, sulfate NO 3, nitrate ClO 3, chlorate 44 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
45 Polyatomic Ions The charge is the same on each polyatomic ion in a pair for which there is both an -ite and an -ate ion. The -ite ending indicates one less oxygen atom than the -ate ending. However, the ending does not tell you the actual number of oxygen atoms in the ion. For example, the nitrite ion has two oxygen atoms, and the sulfite ion has three oxygen atoms. 45 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
46 Polyatomic Ions When the formula for a polyatomic ion begins with H (hydrogen), you can think of the H as representing a hydrogen ion (H + ) combined with another polyatomic ion. For example, HCO 3 is a combination of H + and CO 3 2. Note that the charge on the new ion is the algebraic sum of the ionic charges of the two component ions. 46 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
47 Polyatomic Ions The hydrogen carbonate anion (HCO 3 ), the hydrogen phosphate anion (HPO 4 2 ), and the dihydrogen phosphate anion (H 2 PO 4 2 ) are essential components of living systems. The presence of these ions dissolved in your blood is critical for your health. 47 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
48 Polyatomic Ions Sodium hydrogen carbonate, which contains the HCO 3 ion, can relieve an upset stomach. In contrast, the cyanide ion (CN ) is extremely poisonous to living systems because it blocks a cell s means of producing energy. 48 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
49 Key Concepts When the metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons, they form cations with positive charges equal to their group number. The charge of any ion of a Group A nonmetal is determined by subtracting 8 from the group number. 49 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
50 Key Concepts The charges of the cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the number of electrons lost. Unlike a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion is composed of more than one atom. But like a monatomic ion, a polyatomic ion behaves as a unit and carries a charge. 50 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
51 Glossary Terms monatomic ion: a single atom with a positive or negative charge resulting from the loss or gain of one or more valence electrons 51 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
52 BIG IDEA An element s position in the periodic table supplies information on ion formation and bonding tendencies, which is used to write the names and formulas of ions and compounds. 52 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
53 END OF Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 5. Chapter 5. Naming Ionic Compounds. Objectives. Chapter 5. Chapter 5
Objectives Name cations, anions, and ionic compounds. Write chemical formulas for ionic compounds such that an overall neutral charge is maintained. Explain how polyatomic ions and their salts are named
CHAPTER 9. 9.1 Naming Ions. Chemical Names and Formulas. Naming Transition Metals. Ions of Transition Metals. Ions of Transition Metals
CHAPTER 9 Chemical Names and Formulas 9.1 Naming Ions Monatomic Ions: a single atom with a positive or negative charge Cation (rules): listed first Anion (rules): ide ending Transition Metals have a varying
Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds
Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds are composed of ions. An ion is an atom or molecule with an electrical charge. Monatomic ions are formed from single atoms that have gained or lost electrons.
Nomenclature and Formulas of Ionic Compounds. Section I: Writing the Name from the Formula
Purpose: Theory: Nomenclature and Formulas of Ionic Compounds 1. To become familiar with the rules of chemical nomenclature, based on the classification of compounds. 2. To write the proper name of the
Chapter 9 Practice Test - Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas
Chapter 9 Practice Test - Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas Matching Match each itme with the correct statement below. Match each item with the correct statement below. a. monatomic ion f. cation b.
CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS
9 CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS SECTION 9.1 NAMING IONS (pages 253 258) This section explains the use of the periodic table to determine the charge of an ion. It also defines polyatomic ion and gives the
19.2 Chemical Formulas
In the previous section, you learned how and why atoms form chemical bonds with one another. You also know that atoms combine in certain ratios with other atoms. These ratios determine the chemical formula
Polyatomic ions can form ionic compounds just as monatomic ions.
1 POLYATOMIC IONS We have seen that atoms can lose or gain electrons to become ions. Groups of atoms can also become ions. These groups of atoms are called polyatomic ions. Examples: O hydroxide ion NO
CHAPTER 5: MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS
CHAPTER 5: MOLECULES AND COMPOUNDS Problems: 1-6, 9-13, 16, 20, 31-40, 43-64, 65 (a,b,c,e), 66(a-d,f), 69(a-d,f), 70(a-e), 71-78, 81-82, 87-96 A compound will display the same properties (e.g. melting
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA For ionic compounds, the chemical formula must be worked out. You will no longer have the list of ions in the exam (like at GCSE). Instead you must learn some and work out others.
Naming and Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Using IUPAC Rules
Naming and Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Using IUPAC Rules There are three categories of ionic compounds that we will deal with. 1.Binary ionic o simple ions (only single charges) o multivalent
Naming Ionic Compounds
Naming Ionic Compounds I. Naming Ions A. Cations (+ions) 1. Element name followed by "ion" (when in Group IA, IIA, Al 3+, Ga 3+, Zn 2+, Cd 2+, Ag +, Ni 2+ ). Na + sodium ion, K + potassium ion, Al 3+ aluminum
Oxidation States of Nitrogen
Oxidation States of Nitrogen HNO 3 NH 3 HNO 2 NO N 2 O N 2 HN 3 N 2 H 5 + +3 +2 +1 0-1/3-2 Oxidation +5-3 Reduction Oxidation States of Chlorine HClO 4 HClO 3 ClO 2 HClO 2 HClO Cl 2 HCl +5 +4 +3 +1 0 Oxidation
Monatomic Ions. A. Monatomic Ions In order to determine the charge of monatomic ions, you can use the periodic table as a guide:
Monatomic Ions Ions are atoms that have either lost or gained electrons. While atoms are neutral, ions are charged particles. A loss of electrons results in a positive ion or cation (pronounced cat-eye-on
Nomenclature and the Periodic Table To name compounds and to determine molecular formulae from names a knowledge of the periodic table is helpful.
Nomenclature and the Periodic Table To name compounds and to determine molecular formulae from names a knowledge of the periodic table is helpful. Atomic Number = number of protons Mass Number = number
CHEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS
6 CEMICAL NAMES AND FORMULAS SECTION 6.1 INTRODUCTION TO CEMICAL BONDING (pages 133 137) This section explains how to distinguish between ionic and molecular compounds. It also defines cation and anion
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE Chemical nomenclature The process of giving unambiguous chemical formulas or chemical names to elements and compounds Introduction Chemistry is the study of matter (elements and compounds)
Elements and Compounds. Chemical Bonds compounds are made of atoms held together by chemical bonds bonds are forces of attraction between atoms
Elements and Compounds elements combine together to make an almost limitless number of compounds the properties of the compound are totally different from the constituent elements Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular
Periodic Table, Valency and Formula
Periodic Table, Valency and Formula Origins of the Periodic Table Mendelѐѐv in 1869 proposed that a relationship existed between the chemical properties of elements and their atomic masses. He noticed
Chapter 4: Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Chapter 4: Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds 4.1 Chemical Bonding o Chemical Bond - the force of attraction between any two atoms in a compound. o Interactions involving valence
Naming Compounds Handout Key
Naming Compounds Handout Key p. 2 Name each of the following monatomic cations: Li + = lithium ion Ag + = silver ion Cd +2 = cadmium ion Cu +2 = copper (II) ion Al +3 = aluminum ion Mg +2 = magnesium ion
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Periodic Table: an arrangement of elements in horizontal rows (Periods) and vertical columns (Groups) exhibits periodic repetition of properties First Periodic Table: discovered
Sample Exercise 2.1 Illustrating the Size of an Atom
Sample Exercise 2.1 Illustrating the Size of an Atom The diameter of a US penny is 19 mm. The diameter of a silver atom, by comparison, is only 2.88 Å. How many silver atoms could be arranged side by side
Name: Block: Date: Test Review: Chapter 8 Ionic Bonding
Name: Block: Date: Test Review: Chapter 8 Ionic Bonding Part 1: Fill-in-the-blank. Choose the word from the word bank below. Each word may be used only 1 time. electron dot structure metallic electronegativity
Chapter 4 Compounds and Their Bonds
Chapter 4 Compounds and Their Bonds 4.1 Octet Rule and Ions Octet Rule An octet is 8 valence electrons. is associated with the stability of the noble gases. He is stable with 2 valence electrons (duet).
(b) Formation of calcium chloride:
Chapter 2: Chemical Compounds and Bonding Section 2.1: Ionic Compounds, pages 22 23 1. An ionic compound combines a metal and a non-metal joined together by an ionic bond. 2. An electrostatic force holds
FORMULAS AND NOMENCLATURE OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS Adapted from McMurry/Fay, section 2.10, p. 56-63 and the 1411 Lab Manual, p. 27-31.
FORMULAS AND NOMENCLATURE OF IONIC AND COVALENT COMPOUNDS Adapted from McMurry/Fay, section 2.10, p. 56-63 and the 1411 Lab Manual, p. 27-31. TYPES OF COMPOUNDS Ionic compounds are compounds composed of
Ionic and Metallic Bonding
Ionic and Metallic Bonding BNDING AND INTERACTINS 71 Ions For students using the Foundation edition, assign problems 1, 3 5, 7 12, 14, 15, 18 20 Essential Understanding Ions form when atoms gain or lose
Chapter 3 Chemical Compounds
Chapter 3 Chemical Compounds 3.1 (a) formula unit; (b) strong electrolyte; (c) molecular compound; (d) acid; (e) nonelectrolyte; (f) oxoanion 3.2 (a) molecular formula; (b) weak electrolyte; (c) ionic
Chapter 6 Assessment. Name: Class: Date: ID: A. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Class: Date: ID: A Chapter 6 Assessment Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When an atom loses an electron, it forms a(n) a. anion. c.
Chemistry Post-Enrolment Worksheet
Name: Chemistry Post-Enrolment Worksheet The purpose of this worksheet is to get you to recap some of the fundamental concepts that you studied at GCSE and introduce some of the concepts that will be part
Rules for Naming and Writing Compounds
Rules for Naming and Writing Compounds I. Ionic Bonds bonding between a metal and nonmetal or the bond between a positive ion and a negative ion forming a binary compound. end in the suffix "ide" Or bonding
CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND FORMULA WEIGHT CALCULATIONS
CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND FORMULA WEIGHT CALCULATIONS 1. THE MEANING OF A CHEMICAL FORMULA A chemical formula is a shorthand method of representing the elements in a compound. The formula shows the formulas
Topic 4 National Chemistry Summary Notes. Formulae, Equations, Balancing Equations and The Mole
Topic 4 National Chemistry Summary Notes Formulae, Equations, Balancing Equations and The Mole LI 1 The chemical formula of a covalent molecular compound tells us the number of atoms of each element present
6 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
6 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Water is by far the most common medium in which chemical reactions occur naturally. It is not hard to see this: 70% of our body mass is water and about 70% of the surface
Chapter 4: Nonionic Compounds and Their Nomenclature
50 Chapter 4: Nonionic Compounds and Their Nomenclature A nonionic compound is a substance composed of atoms held together by chemical bonding forces, called covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are formed by
MOLES AND MOLE CALCULATIONS
35 MOLES ND MOLE CLCULTIONS INTRODUCTION The purpose of this section is to present some methods for calculating both how much of each reactant is used in a chemical reaction, and how much of each product
Tutorial 2 FORMULAS, PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION, AND THE MOLE
T-6 Tutorial 2 FORMULAS, PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION, AND THE MOLE FORMULAS: A chemical formula shows the elemental composition of a substance: the chemical symbols show what elements are present and the numerical
Study Guide For Chapter 7
Name: Class: Date: ID: A Study Guide For Chapter 7 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The number of atoms in a mole of any pure substance
B) atomic number C) both the solid and the liquid phase D) Au C) Sn, Si, C A) metal C) O, S, Se C) In D) tin D) methane D) bismuth B) Group 2 metal
1. The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing A) atomic mass B) atomic number C) molar mass D) oxidation number 2. Which list of elements consists of a metal, a metalloid, and
Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet
Balancing Chemical Equations Worksheet Student Instructions 1. Identify the reactants and products and write a word equation. 2. Write the correct chemical formula for each of the reactants and the products.
Start: 26e Used: 6e Step 4. Place the remaining valence electrons as lone pairs on the surrounding and central atoms.
Section 4.1: Types of Chemical Bonds Tutorial 1 Practice, page 200 1. (a) Lewis structure for NBr 3 : Step 1. The central atom for nitrogen tribromide is bromine. 1 N atom: 1(5e ) = 5e 3 Br atoms: 3(7e
Naming Compounds. There are three steps involved in naming ionic compounds- naming the cation, naming the anion, and naming the entire compound.
Naming Compounds Naming compounds is an important part of chemistry. Most compounds fall in to one of three categories ionic compounds, molecular compounds, or acids. Part One: Naming Ionic Compounds Identifying
Polyatomic Ions Worksheet. 2. Name or write the formula for the following Type I polyatomic ionic compounds
Polyatomic Ions Worksheet Polyatomic Practice 1. Name or write the formula for the following polyatomic ions sulfate - CO nitrite MnO perphosphate - SO hypoiodite BrO chlorite - CO phosphite - PO percarbonate
PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE (30 multiple choice questions. Each multiple choice question is worth 2 points)
CHEMISTRY 123-07 Midterm #1 Answer key October 14, 2010 Statistics: Average: 74 p (74%); Highest: 97 p (95%); Lowest: 33 p (33%) Number of students performing at or above average: 67 (57%) Number of students
Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
Name Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations Period When a substance undergoes a chemical reaction, chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. This results in one or more new substances, often
Nomenclature Packet. 1. Name the following ionic compounds: a. Al 2 O 3 Aluminum oxide. b. Cs 2 O Cesium oxide. c. Rb 3 N Rubidium nitride
Nomenclature Packet Worksheet I: Binary Ionic Compounds (representative metals) metals from groups 1A, 2A, and 3A (1, 2, and 13) have constant charges as ions and do NOT get Roman Numerals in their names
Moles, Molecules, and Grams Worksheet Answer Key
Moles, Molecules, and Grams Worksheet Answer Key 1) How many are there in 24 grams of FeF 3? 1.28 x 10 23 2) How many are there in 450 grams of Na 2 SO 4? 1.91 x 10 24 3) How many grams are there in 2.3
47374_04_p25-32.qxd 2/9/07 7:50 AM Page 25. 4 Atoms and Elements
47374_04_p25-32.qxd 2/9/07 7:50 AM Page 25 4 Atoms and Elements 4.1 a. Cu b. Si c. K d. N e. Fe f. Ba g. Pb h. Sr 4.2 a. O b. Li c. S d. Al e. H f. Ne g. Sn h. Au 4.3 a. carbon b. chlorine c. iodine d.
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 1. Methane and ethane are both made up of carbon and hydrogen. In methane, there are 12.0 g of carbon for every 4.00 g of hydrogen, a ration of 3:1 by mass. In ethane,
Decomposition. Composition
Decomposition 1. Solid ammonium carbonate is heated. 2. Solid calcium carbonate is heated. 3. Solid calcium sulfite is heated in a vacuum. Composition 1. Barium oxide is added to distilled water. 2. Phosphorus
Chapter 11. Electrochemistry Oxidation and Reduction Reactions. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter 11 Electrochemistry Oxidation and Reduction Reactions An oxidation and reduction reaction occurs in both aqueous solutions and in reactions where substances are burned
Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Introduction to Chemistry Exam 2 Practice Problems 1 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1.Atoms consist principally of what three
1332 CHAPTER 18 Sample Questions
1332 CHAPTER 18 Sample Questions Couple E 0 Couple E 0 Br 2 (l) + 2e 2Br (aq) +1.06 V AuCl 4 + 3e Au + 4Cl +1.00 V Ag + + e Ag +0.80 V Hg 2+ 2 + 2e 2 Hg +0.79 V Fe 3+ (aq) + e Fe 2+ (aq) +0.77 V Cu 2+
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Ionic and Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Transfer of Electrons When metals bond with nonmetals, electrons are from the metal to the nonmetal The becomes a cation and the becomes an anion. The between the cation
Exercise 3.5 - Naming Binary Covalent Compounds:
Chapter Exercise Key 1 Chapter Exercise Key Exercise.1 Classifying Compounds: Classify each of the following substances as either a molecular compound or an ionic compound. a. formaldehyde, CH 2 O (used
Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations (Chapter 3)
Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations (Chapter 3) Chemical Compounds 1. Classification of Elements and Compounds Types of Pure Substances (Figure 3.4) Elements -- made up of only one type of atom
Chapter 3. Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations
3. Molecules, Compounds and Chemical Equations Stoichiometry Mole concept and Avogadro s Number Determining Chemical Formulas Name Compound Balancing Chemical Reactions Yields Solutions and Stoichiometry
Solution. Practice Exercise. Concept Exercise
Example Exercise 8.1 Evidence for a Reaction Which of the following is experimental evidence for a chemical reaction? (a) Pouring vinegar on baking soda gives foamy bubbles. (b) Mixing two solutions produces
Find a pair of elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers less than 20 that are an exception to the original periodic law.
Example Exercise 6.1 Periodic Law Find the two elements in the fifth row of the periodic table that violate the original periodic law proposed by Mendeleev. Mendeleev proposed that elements be arranged
7) How many electrons are in the second energy level for an atom of N? A) 5 B) 6 C) 4 D) 8
HOMEWORK CHEM 107 Chapter 3 Compounds Putting Particles Together 3.1 Multiple-Choice 1) How many electrons are in the highest energy level of sulfur? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 2) An atom of phosphorous has how
neutrons are present?
AP Chem Summer Assignment Worksheet #1 Atomic Structure 1. a) For the ion 39 K +, state how many electrons, how many protons, and how many 19 neutrons are present? b) Which of these particles has the smallest
EXPERIMENT 8: Activity Series (Single Displacement Reactions)
EPERIMENT 8: Activity Series (Single Displacement Reactions) PURPOSE a) Reactions of metals with acids and salt solutions b) Determine the activity of metals c) Write a balanced molecular equation, complete
Exam 2 Chemistry 65 Summer 2015. Score:
Name: Exam 2 Chemistry 65 Summer 2015 Score: Instructions: Clearly circle the one best answer 1. Valence electrons are electrons located A) in the outermost energy level of an atom. B) in the nucleus of
Success criteria You should be able to write the correct formula for any ionic compound
Chemical Formulas and Names of Ionic Compounds WHY? Going back to pre-historic times, humans have experimented with chemical processes that helped them to make better tools, pottery and weapons. In the
Molecules, Atoms, Grams and Mole Calculation Practice
Molecules, Atoms, Grams and Mole Calculation Practice Helpful HINTS: In these problems look for two things: 1) From what unit to what unit? 2) Does the object stay the same, or does the object change?
Chapter 16: Tests for ions and gases
The position of hydrogen in the reactivity series Hydrogen, although not a metal, is included in the reactivity series because it, like metals, can be displaced from aqueous solution, only this time the
SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001
SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001 1. A small pin contains 0.0178 mol of iron. How many atoms of iron are in the pin? 2. A sample
7.4. Using the Bohr Theory KNOW? Using the Bohr Theory to Describe Atoms and Ions
7.4 Using the Bohr Theory LEARNING TIP Models such as Figures 1 to 4, on pages 218 and 219, help you visualize scientific explanations. As you examine Figures 1 to 4, look back and forth between the diagrams
Balancing Chemical Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations Academic Success Center Science Tutoring Area Science Tutoring Area Law of Conservation of Mass Matter cannot be created nor destroyed Therefore the number of each type of
Chemical Composition Review Mole Calculations Percent Composition. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8 1
Chemical Composition Review Mole Calculations Percent Composition Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8 1 QUESTION Suppose you work in a hardware store and a customer wants to purchase 500
ATOMS A T O M S, I S O T O P E S, A N D I O N S. The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 120, Page 1 of 39)
ATOMS A T O M S, I S O T O P E S, A N D I O N S The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 120, Page 1 of 39) THE ATOM All elements listed on the periodic table are made up of atoms.
W1 WORKSHOP ON STOICHIOMETRY
INTRODUCTION W1 WORKSHOP ON STOICHIOMETRY These notes and exercises are designed to introduce you to the basic concepts required to understand a chemical formula or equation. Relative atomic masses of
Experiment 5. Chemical Reactions A + X AX AX A + X A + BX AX + B AZ + BX AX + BZ
Experiment 5 Chemical Reactions OBJECTIVES 1. To observe the various criteria that are used to indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred. 2. To convert word equations into balanced inorganic chemical
1. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of Al is. Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH) 3 (s) + H 2 (g)
1. When the following equation is balanced, the coefficient of Al is. Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH) (s) + H 2 (g) A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH) (s) + H 2 (g) Al (s) + H 2 O (l)? Al(OH)
TOPIC 7. CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS I - atomic and formula weights.
TOPIC 7. CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS I - atomic and formula weights. Atomic structure revisited. In Topic 2, atoms were described as ranging from the simplest atom, H, containing a single proton and usually
HOMEWORK 4A. Definitions. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Questions
HOMEWORK 4A Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 1. Indicate whether a reaction will occur or not in each of following. Wtiring a balcnced equation is not necessary. (a) Magnesium metal is added to hydrochloric
Chapter 12: Oxidation and Reduction.
207 Oxidation- reduction (redox) reactions Chapter 12: Oxidation and Reduction. At different times, oxidation and reduction (redox) have had different, but complimentary, definitions. Compare the following
Electrons in Atoms & Periodic Table Chapter 13 & 14 Assignment & Problem Set
Electrons in Atoms & Periodic Table Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. Electrons in Atoms & Periodic Table 2 Study Guide: Things You
Calculating Molar Mass of a Compound
Instructions for Conversion Problems For every conversion problem Write the number in the problem down with unit and a multiplication sign Decide which conversion factor you should use, Avagadro s or molar
Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions. Chapter 8.1
Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chapter 8.1 Objectives List observations that suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place List the requirements for a correctly written chemical equation.
100% ionic compounds do not exist but predominantly ionic compounds are formed when metals combine with non-metals.
2.21 Ionic Bonding 100% ionic compounds do not exist but predominantly ionic compounds are formed when metals combine with non-metals. Forming ions Metal atoms lose electrons to form +ve ions. Non-metal
Unit 2 Periodic Behavior and Ionic Bonding
Unit 2 Periodic Behavior and Ionic Bonding 6.1 Organizing the Elements I. The Periodic Law A. The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers B. Elements
Periodic Table Questions
Periodic Table Questions 1. The elements characterized as nonmetals are located in the periodic table at the (1) far left; (2) bottom; (3) center; (4) top right. 2. An element that is a liquid at STP is
Chemistry Themed. Types of Reactions
Chemistry Themed Types of Reactions 1 2 Chemistry in the Community-2015-2016 Types of Reactions Date In-Class Assignment Homework T 10/20 TEST on Reactivity of Metals and Redox None W 10/21 Late Start
INORGANIC NOMENCLATURE ~ NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC NOMENCLATURE ~ NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Every compound has its own CHEMICAL FORMULA and its own NAME. The nomenclature (naming systems) for IONIC and MOLECULAR compounds are different. IONIC
Mole Notes.notebook. October 29, 2014
1 2 How do chemists count atoms/formula units/molecules? How do we go from the atomic scale to the scale of everyday measurements (macroscopic scale)? The gateway is the mole! But before we get to the
MOLECULAR WEIGHT CALCULATIONS
MOLECULAR WEIGHT CALCULATIONS Calculating Formula Weight; Significant Figures Page 2 Percentage Composition of a Compound 18 Exponential Notation; Avogadro s Number; Moles 28 Calculating Empirical Formulas
Unit 4 Conservation of Mass and Stoichiometry
9.1 Naming Ions I. Monatomic Ions A. Monatomic ions 1. Ions formed from a single atom Unit 4 Conservation of Mass and Stoichiometry B. Naming Monatomic Ions 1. Monatomic cations are a. Identified by the
Aqueous Solutions. Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water. A Solute. Types of Chemical Reactions.
Aqueous Solutions and Solution Stoichiometry Water is the dissolving medium, or solvent. Some Properties of Water Water is bent or V-shaped. The O-H bonds are covalent. Water is a polar molecule. Hydration
SCPS Chemistry Worksheet Periodicity A. Periodic table 1. Which are metals? Circle your answers: C, Na, F, Cs, Ba, Ni
SCPS Chemistry Worksheet Periodicity A. Periodic table 1. Which are metals? Circle your answers: C, Na, F, Cs, Ba, Ni Which metal in the list above has the most metallic character? Explain. Cesium as the
Formulae, stoichiometry and the mole concept
3 Formulae, stoichiometry and the mole concept Content 3.1 Symbols, Formulae and Chemical equations 3.2 Concept of Relative Mass 3.3 Mole Concept and Stoichiometry Learning Outcomes Candidates should be
ATOMS. Multiple Choice Questions
Chapter 3 ATOMS AND MOLECULES Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following correctly represents 360 g of water? (i) 2 moles of H 2 0 (ii) 20 moles of water (iii) 6.022 10 23 molecules of water (iv)
Chemical Proportions in Compounds
Chapter 6 Chemical Proportions in Compounds Solutions for Practice Problems Student Textbook page 201 1. Problem A sample of a compound is analyzed and found to contain 0.90 g of calcium and 1.60 g of
CHEMISTRY BONDING REVIEW
Answer the following questions. CHEMISTRY BONDING REVIEW 1. What are the three kinds of bonds which can form between atoms? The three types of Bonds are Covalent, Ionic and Metallic. Name Date Block 2.
3. What would you predict for the intensity and binding energy for the 3p orbital for that of sulfur?
PSI AP Chemistry Periodic Trends MC Review Name Periodic Law and the Quantum Model Use the PES spectrum of Phosphorus below to answer questions 1-3. 1. Which peak corresponds to the 1s orbital? (A) 1.06
Sample Exercise 8.1 Magnitudes of Lattice Energies
Sample Exercise 8.1 Magnitudes of Lattice Energies Without consulting Table 8.2, arrange the ionic compounds NaF, CsI, and CaO in order of increasing lattice energy. Analyze From the formulas for three
NET IONIC EQUATIONS. A balanced chemical equation can describe all chemical reactions, an example of such an equation is:
NET IONIC EQUATIONS A balanced chemical equation can describe all chemical reactions, an example of such an equation is: NaCl + AgNO 3 AgCl + NaNO 3 In this case, the simple formulas of the various reactants
Chapter 5. Chemical Reactions and Equations. Introduction. Chapter 5 Topics. 5.1 What is a Chemical Reaction
Introduction Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical reactions occur all around us. How do we make sense of these changes? What patterns can we find? 1 2 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Unit 9 Stoichiometry Notes (The Mole Continues)
Unit 9 Stoichiometry Notes (The Mole Continues) is a big word for a process that chemist s use to calculate amounts in reactions. It makes use of the coefficient ratio set up by balanced reaction equations