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1 Study Island Copyright 2014 Edmentum - All rights reserved. Generation Date: 04/01/2014 Generated By: Cheryl Shelton Title: Grade 4: Earth and Space Science and Science Inquiry and Application 1. Water in a river carries sediment that has been eroded from upstream. When a river empties into a lake or ocean, the water slows down and many of the sediment particles settle to the bottom. The sediment that settles creates a delta, which is a wide, shallow area at the mouth of the river. The picture below shows the delta at the mouth of the Colorado River where it empties into the Gulf of California. Image provided courtesy of NASA. What is the name for the process that created the delta? A. landslide B. weathering C. deposition D. waves 2. A valley includes low land between hills or mountains. Which of these is a valley?

2 W. X. Y. Z. A. W B. X C. Y D. Z 3. A canyon is a narrow valley, has steep sides, and was created by water erosion. Which one of these is a canyon? W. X.

3 Y. Z. A. W B. X C. Y D. Z 4. Juanita wants to learn about the way clay swells when it is wet and shrinks when it dries. She gets a sturdy wooden box and fills it most of the way with clay. She buries a few hard-boiled eggs in the clay. Juanita pours water into the box and lets it soak into the clay. She lets the clay dry out, then she carefully removes it from the box one layer at a time. She finds that the egg shells have all been crushed. If the eggs in Juanita's experiment represent rocks in the real world, her experiment shows how swelling clay can cause A. deposition.

4 B. frost heaves. C. erosion. D. weathering. 5. Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces. What is likely the main source of the weathering for the rock shown above? A. leaves B. roots C. animals D. sunlight 6. Caleb sees a field of sand dunes on summer vacation. When he comes back to school, his teacher asks him to describe the sand dunes to the class. How can Caleb best describe a sand dune? A. A sand dune is the sandy shoreline around a large body of water. B. A sand dune is a solid sheet of ice and snow that forms on a mountain. C. A sand dune is a ridge of sand formed by the wind. A sand dune is a crack in the Earth's crust where earthquakes occur. D. 7. The picture below shows the Earth as viewed from outer space. Why does the Earth appear blue when viewed from outer space? A. Everything appears blue from outer space. B. The Earth is made of rocks that appear blue. C. The air around the Earth is blue. D. The Earth is covered mostly by water.

5 8. A(n) is a landform where magma erupts through the surface. A. volcano B. island C. canyon D. hill 9. What is the name for the water in the picture? A. a pond B. a lake C. a stream D. an ocean 10. What is the function of the piece of lab equipment shown in the picture? A. to measure temperature B. to measure length C. to measure volume of a liquid D. to magnify small objects 11. The picture below shows the special climbing roots of a vine that is growing on a stone wall. Over time, the roots will likely A. cause the minerals in the stone to change into new minerals. B. cause severe weather, such as earthquakes and tornadoes.

6 C. cause the stones to become much larger in size. D. cause the stones to break up into smaller pieces. 12. What type of landforms are shown in the picture above? A. lakes B. islands C. plains D. hills 13. What features are most likely being formed in the model below? A. mountains B. lakes C. caves D. beaches 14. Bacteria are very tiny living organisms. Trisha wants to study how bacteria respond to light. Which of the following pieces of equipment will she most likely need to use for her investigation? A. a microscope B. a meter stick C. a telescope D. a spring scale 15. Many ocean beaches are covered in sand and small rocks.

7 How is the sand on beaches formed? A. Weathering breaks up rocks to form sand. B. Plastic litter breaks up to form sand. C. Erosion breaks up rocks to form sand. D. Dead plants decay into sand. 16. Identify the landform in the picture. A. continent B. island C. plain D. isthmus 17. Look at the topographical map shown below. Which letter likely represents a mountain? A. Y B. W C. X D. Z 18. What is the name of the instrument shown in the picture? A. hand lens B. graduated cylinder C. stopwatch D. balance

8 19. Jasmine made a stream table by putting sand and silt on a cookie sheet. She tilted the sheet and ran water down it. Which of these could Jasmine learn from the stream table? A. how the erosion caused by running water shapes land B. how freezing water makes frost heaves C. how running water weathers stone D. how the percolation of water shapes streams 20. Look at the large crack in the rock below. Imagine that the crack is filled with water. Then the water freezes. Ice takes up more space than water. As the freezing water expands, what will happen to the rock? A. The rock will turn into sand. B. The crack will go away. C. The crack will get larger. D. The rock will turn into dirt.