is the portion of the cell cycle... Prophase is the first stage of mitosis characterized by the of the chromosomes. duplication splitting

Transcription

1 1. award: is the portion of the cell cycle... is the portion of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are invisible under the light microscope because they are not yet condensed.! Interphase Prophase Anaphase Telophase is the portion of the cell cycle award: Prophase is the first stage of mitosis char... Prophase is the first stage of mitosis characterized by the of the chromosomes. duplication splitting! condensation merging Prophase is the first stage of mitosis char award: is the stage of mitosis characte... is the stage of mitosis characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes in a ring along the inner circumference of the cell. Interphase Telophase Prophase! Metaphase Page 1 of 18

2 is the stage of mitosis characte award: The stage of mitosis characterized by the p... The stage of mitosis characterized by the physical separation of sister chromatids is called.! anaphase metaphase interphase telophase The stage of mitosis characterized by the p award: The last stage of mitosis is characterized... The last stage of mitosis is characterized by the disassembly of spindle apparatus, the reestablishment of the nuclear membrane, and the decondensation of the chromosomes into invisible threads. This stage is known as. interphase! telophase anaphase metaphase The last stage of mitosis is characterized award: The progress of mitosis is regulated by... The progress of mitosis is regulated by and their dependent kinases. hormones chromosomes! cyclins paracrine signaling The progress of mitosis is regulated by... Page 2 of 18

3 7. award: Normally, functions in the cell to st... Normally, functions in the cell to stop cell division if the cell has experienced extensive DNA damage. heat! p53 FtsZ DNA Normally, functions in the cell to st award: Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a co... Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a complex of 60% protein and 40% DNA. The name of this chemical complex is a histone complex.! chromatin. histamine complex. chromatid. centromere. Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a co award: If a eukaryotic cell has a single set of chr... If a eukaryotic cell has a single set of chromosomes, it is called! haploid. diploid. polypoid. If a eukaryotic cell has a single set of chr... Page 3 of 18

4 10. award: The physical distribution of cytoplasmic mat... The physical distribution of cytoplasmic material into the two daughter cells is called DNA replication. mitosis.! cytokinesis. binary fission. The physical distribution of cytoplasmic mat award: The bacterial genome exist as a The bacterial genome exist as a single, circular, protein-coated, double stranded DNA molecule.! single, circular, uncoated, double stranded DNA molecule. single, circular, uncoated, double stranded RNA molecule. single, linear, uncoated, double stranded DNA molecule. many, circular, uncoated, double stranded DNA molecules. The bacterial genome exist as a 12. award: The number of chromosomes characteristic of... The number of chromosomes characteristic of eukaryotes, in general, can usually be determined without the use of a microscope. can usually be predicted from the size of the organism. change as the organisms grow and age.! vary considerably from 2 to over 1000 in different species. vary depending on the type of the cell in the same organism. The number of chromosomes characteristic of... Page 4 of 18

5 13. award: Some of the portions of the chromatin are pe... Some of the portions of the chromatin are permanently condensed so that their DNA is never expressed. All of these portions stain very intensely and are given a common name of DNA dark bands. euchromatin.! heterochromatin. genome. haploid DNA. Some of the portions of the chromatin are pe award: In the human, the body cells (non-sex cells)... In the human, the body cells (non-sex cells) contain two sets of chromosomes totaling ! In the human, the body cells (nonsex cells) award: The two copies of each chromosome in body ce... The two copies of each chromosome in body cells are called chromatids.! homologous chromosomes. sister chromosomes. daughter chromosomes. genes. The two copies of each chromosome in body ce... Page 5 of 18

6 16. award: Before cell division of the body cells, each... Before cell division of the body cells, each homologue replicates into two parts. These parts are connected by a centromere and are called! sister chromatids. daughter chromatids. sister chromosomes. daughter chromosomes. genes. Before cell division of the body cells, each award: Which of the following sequence of cell-cycl... Which of the following sequence of cell-cycle phases is characteristic of eukaryotes? G to S to M! G 1 to S to G 2 to M to C S to M to C G 1 to G 2 to S to C G 1 to G 2 to G 3 to S to C Which of the following sequence of cell-cycl award: The framework of microtubules that appears i... The framework of microtubules that appears in cell division which eventually moves the chromatids apart is called the aster. cell plate. centriole.! spindle apparatus. centromere. The framework of microtubules that appears i... Page 6 of 18

7 19. award: Which one of the following represents interp... Which one of the following represents interphase?! G 1 + S + G 2 S + M + C prophase + metaphase + anaphase + telophase cytokinesis + mitosis G 0 + G 1 + G 2 Which one of the following represents interp award: Which of the following is essentially the re... Which of the following is essentially the reverse of prophase? anaphase interphase metaphase! telophase cytokinesis Which of the following is essentially the re award: Animal cells typically achieve cytokinesis b... Animal cells typically achieve cytokinesis by binary fission. forming a cell plate across the middle of the cell.! forming a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell into two. chromosome condensation. chromosome elongation. Page 7 of 18

8 Animal cells typically achieve cytokinesis b award: Recent studies on cell cycle controls have r... Recent studies on cell cycle controls have revealed that animal cells can employ certain factors to override the inhibitory controls of cell division. These belong to a class of proteins called histones. channel proteins.! growth factors. gating proteins. neurotransmitters. Recent studies on cell cycle controls have r award: The actual process of cell division in eukar... The actual process of cell division in eukaryotic cells is called meiosis. mitosis. binary fission.! cytokinesis. The actual process of cell division in eukar award: Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells is call... Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells is called meiosis.! mitosis. binary fission. cytokinesis. Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells Page 8 of 18

9 is call award: If a cell has 32 chromosomes prior to S and... If a cell has 32 chromosomes prior to S and undergoes mitosis followed by cytokinesis, each new daughter cell will have how many chromosomes? 64! If a cell has 32 chromosomes prior to S and award: Cytoplasmic organelles are partitioned betw... Cytoplasmic organelles are partitioned between two daughter cells. G 1 S G 2 M! C Cytoplasmic organelles are partitioned betw award: Hereditary information is partitioned equal... Hereditary information is partitioned equally between two daughter cells. G 1 S G 2! M C Page 9 of 18

10 Hereditary information is partitioned equal award: Duplicate copy of the hereditary informatio... Duplicate copy of the hereditary information is made. G 1! S G 2 M C Duplicate copy of the hereditary informatio award: If the centrioles are mispositioned in the c... If the centrioles are mispositioned in the cell, a functional mitotic spindle will fail to form. In this situation, how will chromosome segregation be affected? Microtubules will not attach to the kinetochores. The sister chromatids will be pulled apart and equally divided among daughter cells. All of the chromosomes will go to one of the daughter cells.! Sister chromatids will not be divided equally among daughter cells. If the centrioles are mispositioned in the c award: If you wanted to convert a proto-oncogene t... If you wanted to convert a proto-oncogene to an oncogene, which of the following methods would you choose? growth factor exposure! genetic damage pair the proto-oncogene with a tumor-suppressor gene halt cell cycle progression If you wanted to convert a proto- Page 10 of 18

11 oncogene t award: is a process of nuclear division in... is a process of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes in certain cells is halved during gamete formation. Mitosis! Meiosis Spermatogenesis Glycolysis is a process of nuclear division in award: P. J. van Beneden proposed that an egg and... P. J. van Beneden proposed that an egg and a sperm, each containing half the complement of chromosomes found in somatic cells, fuse to produce a single cell called a(n).! zygote karyotype embryo oocyte P. J. van Beneden proposed that an egg and award: cells such as gametes contain one se... cells such as gametes contain one set of chromosomes. Muscle Somatic Diploid! Haploid cells such as gametes contain one se... Page 11 of 18

12 34. award: The two homologous chromosomes pair along t... The two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in the first nuclear division. During this physical joining genetic exchange occurs between them in a process called. fusion mitosis meiosis! recombination The two homologous chromosomes pair along t award: Sexual reproduction is significant in incre... Sexual reproduction is significant in increasing genetic. similarity! diversity robustness connections Sexual reproduction is significant in incre award: The pairing of chromosomes along their lengt... The pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for crossing over is referred to as syngamy.! synapsis. prophase. recombination. centromere. The pairing of chromosomes along their lengt... Page 12 of 18

13 37. award: The zygote has The zygote has one copy of each chromosome. one full haploid complement of chromosomes. chromosomes identical to those of a sperm cell. chromosomes identical to those of an egg cell.! two copies of each chromosome. The zygote has 38. award: The cell produced by the fusion of an egg an... The cell produced by the fusion of an egg and a sperm is the gamete. haploid.! zygote. germ line cell. somatic cell. The cell produced by the fusion of an egg an award: The reduction division that separates two ha... The reduction division that separates two haploid complements from each other is called mitosis.! meiosis. syngamy. haploid division. binary fission. The reduction division that separates two ha... Page 13 of 18

14 40. award: Which of the following produces identical ce... Which of the following produces identical cells? meiosis! mitosis gamete formation syngamy fertilization Which of the following produces identical ce award: Chromosomes exchange genetic information by Chromosomes exchange genetic information by fertilization. mitosis. syngamy. DNA replication.! crossing over. Chromosomes exchange genetic information by 42. award: Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in prophase II.! prophase I. interphase II. interphase I. metaphase II. Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in Page 14 of 18

15 43. award: At the end of telophase II of meiosis, each... At the end of telophase II of meiosis, each of the four resulting cells contains one full set of chromosomes, each with two chromatids. two full sets of chromosomes, each with two chromatids.! one full set of chromosomes, each a single chromatid. two full sets of chromosomes, each a single chromatid. a different number of chromosomes. At the end of telophase II of meiosis, each award: Sexual reproduction increases genetic variab... Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability through all of the following except crossing over in prophase I of meiosis. independent assortment in meiosis. fertilization.! mitosis. Sexual reproduction increases genetic variab award: Meiosis and mitosis are both processes that... Meiosis and mitosis are both processes that involve nuclear division. What is the difference between the two? Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid gametes. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid somatic cells.! Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid somatic cells. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid gametes. Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid gametes. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid somatic cells. Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to syngamy. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to zygotes. Meiosis and mitosis are both processes that... Page 15 of 18

16 Consider the following representation of fo... Consider the following representation of four chromatids during prophase I shown below. The paternal homologue is in upper case, while the maternal homologue is in lower case. A B C D E F G A B C D E F G a b c d e f a b c d e f Section Break Consider the following representation of fo award: If there was a single crossing over event be... If there was a single crossing over event between the second and third chromosomes from the top, the resulting chromosomes (in order) would be A B C D E F G; A B C D E F G; a b c d e f g; a b c d e f g. A B C D E F G; A B c d e f g; A B C D E F G; A B c d e f g.! A B C D E F G; A B c d e f g; a b C D E F G; a b c d e f g. A B C D E F G; A B c d e F G; a b C D E f g; a b c d e f g. If there was a single crossing over event be award: During anaphase I, which of the following pa... During anaphase I, which of the following pairs will move to opposite poles? (For purposes of this question, assume that there were no crossing over events.)! A B C D E F G and A B C D E F G to one pole; a b c d e f g and a b c d e f g to the other pole A B C D E F G and a b c d e f g to one pole; A B C D E F G and a b c d e f g to the other pole By anaphase I, only two chromatids remain, so A B C D E F G will go to one pole and a b c d e f g will go to the other pole. Neither. The pairs separate in anaphase II, not anaphase I. During anaphase I, which of the following pa... Page 16 of 18

17 48. award: You are studying mitosis in an organism that... You are studying mitosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number. How many chromosomes will the cell have after mitosis, but before cytokinesis? ! 56 You are studying mitosis in an organism that award: You are studying meiosis in an organism that... You are studying meiosis in an organism that has 28 chromosomes as its diploid number. How many chromosomes will each nucleus have after meiosis I, but before cytokinesis?! cannot determine from the information provided You are studying meiosis in an organism that award: Which of the following statements about cros... Which of the following statements about crossing over is false? Crossing over takes place between non-sister chromatids.! Crossing over takes place between sister chromatids. Recombination nodules may be observed. Sites of crossing over are called chiasmata. Which of the following statements about cros... Page 17 of 18

18 51. award: 0 points In 95% of cases of Down's syndrome, there is an entire extra chromosome 21 In 95% of cases of Down's syndrome, there is an entire extra chromosome 21 in every cell. This aneuploid condition is the result of improper crossing over. independent assortment.! nondisjunction. achiasmate segregation. In 95% of cases of Down's syndrome, there is an entire extra chromosome 21 Page 18 of 18