IAEA code of practice for dosimetry in diagnostic radiology: general issues and recommendations for laboratories
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1 IAEA code of practice for dosimetry in diagnostic radiology: general issues and recommendations for laboratories Antti Kosunen Radiation Metrology Laboratory-STUK Radiation safety and dosimetry in medical applications May 2012 TTÜ, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, Estonia RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Presentation Experiences of use the IAEA TRS 457, Code of Practice for dosimetry of diagnostic radiology Review /introduction to contents of IAEA TRS 457 Laboratories (and clinical dosimetry) Remarks based on work at the SSDL of STUK Methods by TLD are not reviewed RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 2 1
2 IAEA/ WHO Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) Network RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 3 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 4 2
3 IAEA TRS 457, Scope and Objective RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 5 IAEA TRS 457, Work RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 6 3
4 IAEA TRS 457, Work RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 7 IAEA TRS 457, Framework RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 8 4
5 IAEA TRS 457, Implementation and testing Coordinated Research Project on Implementation of the International Code of Practice on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology TRS 457 at Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories and Hospitals RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 9 IAEA TRS 457, Implementation and testing Advanced techniques, The development of advanced dosimetry techniques for diagnostic and interventional radiology Coordinated Research Project on Implementation of the International Code of Practice on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology TRS 457 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 10 5
6 IAEA TRS 457, Introduction RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 11 IAEA TRS 457, Framework RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 12 6
7 IAEA TRS 457, Framework International Measurement System and traceability of measurements RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 13 IAEA TRS 457, Accuracy requirements for dosimetry At reference conditions of dosimetry Risk assessment : Absolute risk Dose surveys Relative risk Interventional procedures Quality assurance measurements Paediatric procedures ( 2sd ) ~20 % 7 % RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 14 7
8 IAEA TRS 457, Quantities and units RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 15 IAEA TRS 457, Quantities and units RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 16 8
9 IAEA TRS 457, Quantities and units RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 17 IAEA TRS 457, Dosimetry formalism RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 18 9
10 IAEA TRS 457, Dosimetry formalism N K based formalism Beam quality correction factor Cross calibrations Especially with KAP meters RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 19 IAEA TRS 457, Selection of instruments Ionization chambers Solid state detectors Semiconductors TLD Dosimeter energy dependence Requirements for user dosimetric equipment Requirements for laboratory instruments RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 20 10
11 IAEA TRS 457, Selection of instruments RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 21 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 22 11
12 Radiation qualities at laboratories Consistency Spectra HVL1,HVL 2 kv Filtration Anode material Angle of anode Radiation quality for calibration at laboratory Radiation quality at clinics (user) Energy dependence of dosemeter response RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 23 IAEA TRS 457, Radiation qualities for SSDLs RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 24 12
13 IAEA TRS 457, Calibration certificates Results of calibrations RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 25 IAEA TRS 457, Half Value Layer (HVL) RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 26 13
14 Radiation qualities /mammography Intercomparison of calibratios Radiation qualities for mammography at a laboratory RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 27 Radiation qualities /mammography Witzani et. al. Calibration of dosemeters used in mammography with different x ray qualities: EURAMET PROJECT No: 526, RPD, Vol 108, 2004 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 28 14
15 Intercomparions, Calibrations at laboratories Witzani et. al. Calibration of dosemeters used in mammography with different x ray qualities: EURAMET PROJECT No: 526, RPD, Vol 108, 2004 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 29 Intercomparions, Calibrations at laboratories Detector with flat response! Witzani et. al. Calibration of dosemeters used in mammography with different x ray qualities: EURAMET PROJECT No: 526, RPD, Vol 108, 2004 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 30 15
16 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 31 IAEA TRS 457, Code of Practise for laboratories STUK x-ray facility RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 32 16
17 IAEA TRS 457, Code of Practise for laboratories Kerma Area Product meters STUK set-up for calibrations of KAP meters RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 33 IAEA TRS 457, Kerma -area product Incident beam KAP meter Transmitted beam 5 mmal total filtration Toroi et.al. Effects of radiation quality on the calibration of kerma-area product meters in x-ray beams, PMB 53, 2008 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 34 17
18 IAEA TRS 457, Code of Practise for laboratories Kerma Lenght Product meters for CT dosimetry IAEA TRS457: Calibrated for air kerma lenght product Many KLP detectors still calibrated for air kerma! RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 35 Estimation of uncertainties RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 36 18
19 Estimation of uncertainties Type B uncertainty RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 37 Estimation of uncertainties Combination of uncertainties for a infuence quantity Standard uncertainty of Type A (u A ) = standard deviation of the mean from a series of repeated measurements Standard uncertainty of Type B (u B ) = uncertainty estimated by other means (other than repeated measurements) Combined uncertainty (u C ) : u C = u A2 + u B 2 RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 38 19
20 Summary IAEA TRS 457 for calibration laboratories (SSDLs): IAEA TRS 457 contains a comprehensive description and adaptable recommendations for facilities and calibration methods used at the SSDLs. The implementation of the calibration practices has been tested through the coordinated research project by IAEA. Recommendations for issues to consider in implementation of the TRS457 are presented in IAEA Human Health Report 4 /2011. Other: All x-ray radiation qualities used in radiology can not be maintained at the SSDLs. To minimize the uncertainty raised from the spectral difference between the radiation qualities at the SSDL and at the clinics, dosemeters with flat energy dependence should be preferred. - Mammography - KAP meters RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY / AK-STUK 39 20
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