Center for By-Products Utilization
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1 Center for By-Products Utilization TEST RESULTS FOR STORA ENSO NORTH AMERICA S BIRON MILL #4 AND #5 FLY ASH By Tarun R. Naik and Rudolph N. Kraus Report No. CBU REP-483 November 2002 Submitted to Dr. F. Andrew Gilbert, Jr., Corporate Environmental Engineer, Stora Enso North America, Wisconsin Rapids, WI Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics College of Engineering and Applied Science THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MILWAUKEE
2 BIRON #4 BIRON #5 RE-EVALUATION UNIT WEIGHT, VOIDS, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY
3 Table 1: Unit Weight and Voids (Tests conducted on as-received samples per modified ASTM C 29) Source Unit Weight (lbs/ft 3 ) Voids (%) Actual Average Actual Average Biron # Biron # Table 2: Specific Gravity of Biron Ash (ASTM C 311/C 188) Fly Ash Source Biron #4 Specific Gravity Actual Average Biron #
4 BIRON #4 BIRON #5 RE-EVALUATION ASTM C 618 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
5 Table 3: Physical Properties of Biron Analysis Parameter Material ASTM C 618 Requirements Biron #4 Biron #5 Class N Class C Class F Retained on No. 325 Sieve (%) max. 34 max. Strength Activity Index with Cement (% of Control)* 3-day 7-day 14-day 28-day Water Requirement*, (% of Control) * Material passing No. 100 Sieve used for tests min. 75 min. 115 max min. 75 min. 105 max min. 75 min. 105 max.
6 Table 4: Chemical Analysis of Biron Ash Analysis Parameter Material ASTM C 618 Requirements Biron #4 Biron #5 Class N Class C Class F Silicon Dioxide, SiO Aluminum Oxide, Al 2 O Iron Oxide, Fe 2 O SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + Fe 2 O Min Min Min. Calcium Oxide, CaO Magnesium Oxide, MgO Titanium Oxide, TiO Potassium Oxide, K 2 O Sodium Oxide, Na 2 O Sulfate, SO , Max. 5.0, Max. 5.0, Max. Loss on Ignition, LOI (@ 750 C) , Max.* 6.0, Max.* 6.0, Max.* Moisture Content , Max. 3.0, Max. 3.0, Max. Available Alkali, Na 2 O Equivalent (ASTM C-311) , Max.** 1.5, Max.** * Under certain circumstances, up to 12.0% max. LOI may be allowed. ** Optional. Required for ASR Minimization. 1.5, Max.**
7 BIRON #4 BIRON #4 RE-EVALUATION CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
8 Table 5: Mineralogy of Biron Ash MINERALOGY (% by Weight) Analysis Parameter Biron #4 Biron #5 Amorphous Calcite, CaCO Hematite, Fe 2 O Lime, CaO Magnetite, Fe 3 O Quartz, SiO
9 BIRON #4 BIRON #5 RE-EVALUATION ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS
10 Table 6: Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #4 Biron #5 Aluminum (Al) < Antimony (Sb) 60.5 < 3.8 Arsenic (As) Barium (Ba) < Bromine (Br) < Cadmium (Cd) < < Calcium (Ca) < < Cerium (Ce) Cesium (Cs) Chlorine (Cl) < < Chromium (Cr) Cobalt (Co) Copper (Cu) < < Dysprosium (Dy) < 5.0 < 11.2 * Detection Limit Indicated by "<"
11 Table 6 (Continued): Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #4 Biron #5 Europium (Eu) Gallium (Ga) < < Gold (Au) Hafnium (Hf) Holmium (Ho) < 16.7 < 22.4 Indium (In) 0.7 < 0.9 Iodine (I) < 11.9 < 27.6 Iridium (Ir) < 0.0 < 0.0 Iron (Fe) Lanthanum (La) 37.5 < 1.0 Lutetium (Lu) Magnesium (Mg) < Manganese (Mn) < Mercury (Hg) < 1.3 < 1.8 * Detection Limit Indicated by "<"
12 Table 6 (Continued): Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #4 Biron #5 Molybdenum (Mo) < Neodymium (Nd) Nickel (Ni) < < Palladium (Pd) < < Potassium (K) Praseodymium (Pr) < 93.7 < Rhenium (Re) <384.3 < Rubidium (Rb) Ruthenium (Ru) Samarium (Sm) Scandium (Sc) Selenium (Se) Silver (Ag) < 28.0 < 31.3 Sodium (Na) < * Detection Limit Indicated by "<"
13 Table 6 (Continued): Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #4 Biron #5 Strontium (Sr) < Tantalum (Ta) 1.0 < 1.1 Tellurium (Te) 3.5 < 1.2 Terbidium (Tb) < 0.9 < 1.4 Thorium (Th) Thulium (Tm) Tin (Sn) < < Titanium (Ti) < Tungsten (W) 31.7 < 9.2 Uranium (U) Vanadium (V) < 43.6 Ytterbium (Yb) Zinc (Zn) < Zirconium (Zr) < < * Detection Limit Indicated by "<"
14 BIRON #4 BIRON #5 RE-EVALUATION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS
15 FIGURE 1: Stora Enso Biron #4 Ash, 100X Magnification FIGURE 2: Stora Enso Biron #4 Ash, 500X Magnification FIGURE 3: Stora Enso Biron #4 Ash, 1000X Magnification FIGURE 4: Stora Enso Biron #4 Ash, 5000X Magnification
16 FIGURE 5: Stora Enso Biron #5 Ash, 50X Magnification FIGURE 6: Stora Enso Biron #5 Ash, 100X Magnification FIGURE 7: Stora Enso Biron #5 Ash, 500X Magnification FIGURE 8: Stora Enso Biron #5 Ash, 1000X Magnification
17
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