Sustainable energy products Simulation based design for recycling

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1 Sustainable energy products Simulation based design for recycling Markus A. Reuter (Prof. Dr. Dr. hc) Director: Technology Management, Outotec Oyj Aalto University (Finland), Central South University (China), University Melbourne (Australia)

2 Rating Total Recovery (%) Ag Al Al2O3 Au BaO Ba Bi C (C5O2H8)n C6H12Cl3O4P C15H12Br4O2 (C25H30O4N)n C12H12O4n CaO Co Cr Cu Fe Mg MgO Mn Ni Pb Pd Ru REEs Silicone Si SiO2 Sn SrO TiO2 Ti V Zn TOTAL RECOVERY % 15% 46% 41% 48% 38% 2 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

3 Quantified sustainability 3 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

4 Metals always a part of society, but complexity? Metal/Element Use Intensity in Products Sn C Pb Fe Recycling Rate? Which is a better product? Zn Cu Zn C Co Mn Zn Fe Cu Fe Ca Cu Pb Sn C Co Ca Mn V Pt W Au H/O Sn C Mg Mo Si Ti Co Al Cr Pb Ni Ca As Mn Cd V Os Pt Ru Pd Ir Rh Mg Zr Ta Nb Te Ga Ge In Se Ag W Mo Au Zn Fe Cu Sn Al Cr Pb Si H/O P Ti Ce Ru Ni U K Bi Sb Li REE /03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

5 Product Simplicity vis-à-vis Complexity 5 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

6 Geo Mine & Urban Mine Minerals Complexity Chalcopyrite, Chalcocite, Bornite Wurzite, Sphalerite, Galena Energy Efficient Lighting Os Cd Ru Pd Ir Ga Ge Te In Se Ag Rh Co Mn Pt Au Ru Bi Sb Zn Cu Sn Mo Pb Ni Malachite & Azurite Some Elements in Minerals Energy Efficient Lighting 6 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

7 Atacama a couple of days ago (Chuquicamata) Solar farm, windmill farm metals from copper used in these Chuquicamata 7 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

8 Copper Smelting production (million tonnes) Outotec 3 rd & 12 th Globally Most Sustainable Corporation (2014, 2012 & 2014) 8 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

9 Outotec technology: Metallurgy, recyclates & residues Boliden Rönnskår (Sweden): Kaldo for ewaste Dowa (Japan): PCBAs, Cu, residues Recylex (Germany): Lead Battery, Pb residues JCC Guixi (China): Cu scrap, internal material (slags), residues GRM Danyang Smelter (S. Korea): Cu scrap, residues etc. Young Poong Corporation (S. Korea): Pb/Zn 9 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

10 System Integrated Metal Production Geological Minerals >15 Elements in copper minerals Designer-Minerals >40 Elements Geological Linkages Designer-Linkages Functional Materials Complex Recyclates Metallurgy [Source: Handbook of Recycling (2014) : Worrell E & Reuter, M.A. Elsevier] 10 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

11 System Integrated Metal Production E.g. fundamentally understanding & optimizing the phenomena at the lance tip of a TSL furnace positioned in a systemic context is a key to enabling a Circular Economy Geological Minerals >15 Elements in copper minerals Designer-Minerals >40 Elements Geological Linkages Designer-Linkages Functional Materials Complex Recyclates Metallurgy [Source: Handbook of Recycling (2014) : Worrell E & Reuter, M.A. Elsevier] 11 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

12 Circular Economy: Product Centric Recycling 12 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

13 13 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

14 Web of Metals Connected technologies key to a Circular Economy Metallurgical Infrastructure Criticality? 14 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

15 System Integrated Metal Production: Innovative Digitalization Processes, Plants or Systems (Minimize losses hence maximize resource efficiency) Fundamental Process and System Understanding Techno-economic based Ultimate Resource Efficiency benchmark The Effect of Materials? Do we know if new materials truly change the baseline? New Process/System Benchmark Technology and Systemic Innovation (Digitalization) Present Time (Years) 15 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

16 Rating Total Recovery (%) Ag Al Al2O3 Au BaO Ba Bi C (C5O2H8)n C6H12Cl3O4P C15H12Br4O2 (C25H30O4N)n C12H12O4n CaO Co Cr Cu Fe Mg MgO Mn Ni Pb Pd Ru REEs Silicone Si SiO2 Sn SrO TiO2 Ti V Zn TOTAL RECOVERY % 15% 46% 41% 48% 38% 16 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

17 Recycling process simulation models Product Design Recovery rate calculations Environmental assessment Total Recovery (%) after Physical Recyclingand Process Metallurgy Ag Al Al2O3 Au BaO Ba Bi C (C5O2H8)n C6H12Cl3O4P C15H12Br4O2 (C25H30O4N)n C12H12O4n CaO Co Cr Cu Fe Mg MgO Mn Ni Pb Pd Ru REEs Silicone Si SiO2 Sn SrO TiO2 Ti V Zn TOTAL RECOVERY % 15% 46% 41% 48% 38% LED Design A LED Design B LED Design C LED Design D LED Design E 17 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

18 Total Recovery (%) after Physical Recyclingand Process Metallurgy The Recycling Rate of 5 LED Lamp Designs Ag Al Al2O3 Au BaO Ba Bi C (C5O2H8)n C6H12Cl3O4P C15H12Br4O2 (C25H30O4N)n C12H12O4n CaO Co Cr Cu Fe Mg MgO Mn Ni Pb Pd Ru REEs Silicone Si SiO2 Sn SrO TiO2 Ti V Zn TOTAL RECOVERY % 15% 46% 41% 48% 38% LED Design A LED Design B LED Design C LED Design D LED Design E 18 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

19 Recyclability rating: Inform consumer, taxpayer money spent well by researchers? [M.A. Reuter, A. van Schaik and J. Gediga (2015): Simulation-based design for resource efficiency of metal production and recycling systems, Cases: Copper production and recycling, ewaste (LED Lamps), Nickel pig iron, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (In press).] 19 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

20 Beauty of Simplicity The Web of Energy Materials Internet of Things System Innovation 20 30/03/2015 Markus A. Reuter UUSI ENERGIA - ( )

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