SOFIA UNIVERSITY ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI Faculty:...Chemistry and Pharmacy... Subject area: (code and name) C H L
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1 Approved by:.. Dean Date... SOFIA UNIVERSITY ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI Faculty:...Chemistry and Pharmacy... Subject area: (code and name) C H L Pharmacy... M.Sc. Program: (code and name) C H L Pharmacy... S Y L L A B U S Course: (code and name) Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Maria Milanova Teaching assistant: C General and Inorganic Chemistry Academic work Type Acad. hours In-class work Lectures 30 Seminars 0 Practical classes (teaching assistance) 30 Total in-class work 60 Out-of-class work Independent literature research 65 Total out-of-class work 65 TOTAL ACADEMIC WORK 5 ECTS credits in-class work. ECTS credits out-of-class work.6 TOTAL ECTS CREDITS 5 Grade components % of the score. Mid-term test 0. Final exam 80 Depending on the course specificity and on the requirements of the teacher, other types of activity can be added or the unnecessary ones can be removed.
2 Outline of the course: The course aims to introduce students to the most important properties of the elements and properties of their compounds, which are considered in relation to their position in the periodic table and on the basis of general principles, concepts and theories. Attention is paid to the processes and substances that have an important role in biological systems. Practical exercises illustrate lectures, designed to create skills for its application in practice and to develop basic skills and handiness for laboratory work. The program was adopted by the Faculty Board of the Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy Preliminary requirements: Course on General Chemistry to be attended. Key competences acquired: Knowledge on the important properties of the elements and properties of their compounds Basic skills for laboratory work
3 Lessons plan Topic: General and Inorganic Chemistry (Chemistry of properties of the elements) Lectures І. Hydrogen. Occurrence. Properties of the element. Ionic and covalent hydrides. ІІ. s- AND p- ELEMENTS. ІІ.. GROUP А. General characteristics. Lithium, sodium, potassium. Occurrence. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological activity, applications. 3 ІІ.. GROUP А. General characteristics. Magnesium, calcium. Occurrence. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological activity. Water hardness. Chemistry of photosynthesis. ІІ.3. GROUP 3A ІІ.3.. General characteristics. Boron. Properties of the element. Compounds. Boric acid. II.3.. Aluminium. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Double salts (alum). ІІ.3.3. Gallium, indium, thallium. Distribution. Characteristics of the compounds of Tl (I), toxicity. 5. II.. GROUP A ІІ... General characteristics. Carbon. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Carbonic acid (equilibrium in the system CO - HO). Amines (urea, guanidine), hydrocyanic acid, cyanide, cyanide complexes, toxicity. ІІ... Silicon. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Organosilicon compounds, silicones. Glass. ІІ..3. Germanium, tin, lead. Distribution. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Toxicity II.5. GROUP 5A II.5.. General Characteristics. Nitrogen. Distribution. Properties of the element. Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (concept). Compounds. Ammonia, aqueous ammonia, ammonium salts. Nitric acid. Biological relevance, environmental issues. Nitrogen cycle in nature. Concept of nitrogen fertilizers. II.5.. Phosphorus. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Phosphoric acid. Macroenergetic compounds, ATP (concept of structure and properties). Concept of phosphate fertilizers. II.5.3. Arsenic, antimony, bismuth. Distribution. Compounds. Marsh test. Biological relevance (biological functions toxicity). Acad. hours 3
4 II.6. GROUP 6A ІІ.6.. General characteristics. Oxygen. Distribution. Properties of the element. Biological relevance, role of steady state O O3. Oxygen compounds. Water - properties, pyrogen-free water, heavy water. Peroxides, superoxides. Concept of biological action of the superoxide ion. ІІ.6.. Sulphur. Distribution. Properties of the element, allotropes, pharmacological applications. Oxides of sulphur. Hydrides: hydrogen sulphide, toxicity. Sulphides, disulphides (biological functions). Oxygen acids. Sulphur cycle in nature. ІI.6.3. Selenium, tellurium, polonium. Distribution. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological relevance (biological functions, toxicity), micro fertilizers. Insight into the biological activity of alpha emitters. II.7. GROUP 7A ІI.7.. General characteristics. Fluorine. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Biological relevance (biological functions, toxicity). ІI.7.. Chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine. Distribution. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological relevance (biological functions, pharmacological administration, toxicity). II.8. GROUP 8A General characteristics. Xenon. Compounds IІІ.d-and f-elements. IІІ.. Group B. Copper. Properties of the element. Compounds in oxidation state I and II. Biological relevance (biological functions toxicity). Silver and gold. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Bactericidal properties of silver ions. IІІ.. Group B. Zinc, cadmium, mercury. Properties of the elements. Compounds with oxidation state II. Compounds of mercury with oxidation state I. Biological role of zinc; antiseptic properties of zinc compounds, toxicity of cadmium and mercury. IІІ.3. Group 3B Scandium, yttrium, lanthanum. General characteristics. Lanthanides: correlation electronic configuration - properties. Actinides: description of the production of transuranic elements. IІІ.. Group 6B. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological significance of molybdenum, toxicity of chromium. IІІ.5. Group 7B. Manganese. Distribution. Properties of the element. Oxides and hydroxides. IІІ.6. Group 8B. General characteristics. Iron. Compounds. Hemoglobin. Cobalt and nickel. Compounds, complex
5 compounds, Vitamin B. Biological relevance (biological functions, pharmacological administration, toxicity). Platinum metals. Compounds of palladium and platinum complexes, pharmacologically application. Practical exercises Practical. Safety in the chemical laboratory.. Stoichiometric calculations. Calculations on the theme Concentration of solutions. Theme: Basic laboratory operations - preparation of a solution, precipitation, filtration, drying. Calculation of yield. Synthesis of sparingly soluble salts (carbonates, sulphates, oxalates) - (CaCO3-exp., p.03; BaSO - exp.58, p.53; PbSO - exp.05, p.96; ZnCO - exp.76, p.78, NiCO3 - exp.7, p.7 (optional demonstration exercises). 3 Theme: Stoichiometric calculations. Solubility product, hydrolysis.. Theme: Thermal dissociation of salts. Synthesis of oxides, hydroxides, peroxides: CaO - exp. 77, p 79; ZnO and Zn (OH) - exp. 76, p 78; CuO and Cu (OH) - exp. 78 p. 79, PbO - exp.8, p.8; MnO exp. 75, p.77; Fe (OH)3 and FeO3 - exp.87, p. 86 (optional demonstration exercises) 5. Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group A - the properties of magnesium, barium exp. 57 p.5; exp. 58, p Theme: Groups B and B - Properties of copper and compounds exp. 6, p. 63, of silver compounds exp. 65, page 6, and zinc compounds - exp.66, p.66 (without preparation of ZnSO). 7. Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group 3A - Preparation of boric acid, borate pearls (exp. 59, p.55) properties of aluminium and aluminium hydroxide (exp. 60, p.56). 8. Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group A. Properties of lead and compounds - exp. 6 p Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group A. Preparation of silicic acid - exp. p Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds Group 5A - Preparation and properties of ammonia and ammonium salts (exp. 6 p.59) oxidizing properties of HNO3 - exp. 7 p.75.. Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group 6A - Properties of HSO - exp. 73, p.7.. Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds Group 7A - Halogens - exp. 63 p
6 3. Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group 7B - Manganese - exp. 68, p.68.. Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group 8B - Properties of iron and its compounds - exp. 69, p Theme: Properties of elements and their compounds. Group 8B - Properties of nickel and compounds - exp. 7, p.7. Topics Covered on the Final Exam Topic. Hydrogen. Occurrence. Properties of the element. Ionic and covalent hydrides.. GROUP А. General characteristics. Lithium, sodium, potassium. Occurrence. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological activity, applications. 3. GROUP А. General characteristics. Magnesium, calcium. Occurrence. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological activity. Water hardness. Chemistry of photosynthesis. GROUP 3A. General characteristics. Boron. Properties of the element. Compounds. Boric acid. 5. Aluminium. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Double salts (alum). 6. Gallium, indium, thallium. Distribution. Characteristics of the compounds of Tl (I), toxicity. 7. GROUP A. General characteristics. Carbon. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Carbonic acid (equilibrium in the system CO - HO). Amines (urea, guanidine), hydrocyanic acid, cyanide, cyanide complexes, toxicity. 8. Silicon. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Organosilicon compounds, silicones. Glass. 9. Germanium, tin, lead. Distribution. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Toxicity 0. GROUP 5A. General Characteristics. Nitrogen. Distribution. Properties of the element. Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (concept). Compounds. Ammonia, aqueous ammonia, ammonium salts. Nitric acid. Biological relevance, environmental issues. Nitrogen cycle in nature. Concept of nitrogen fertilizers.. Phosphorus. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Phosphoric acid. Macroenergetic compounds, ATP (concept of structure and properties). Concept of phosphate fertilizers.. Arsenic, antimony, bismuth. Distribution. Compounds. Marsh test. Biological relevance (biological functions toxicity). 3. GROUP 6A. General characteristics. Oxygen. Distribution. Properties of the element. Biological relevance, role of steady state O O3. Oxygen compounds. Water - properties, pyrogen-free water, heavy water. Peroxides, superoxides. Concept of biological action of the superoxide ion.. Sulphur. Distribution. Properties of the element, allotropes, pharmacological applications. Oxides of sulphur. Hydrides: hydrogen sulphide, toxicity. Sulphides, 6
7 disulphides (biological functions). Oxygen acids. Sulphur cycle in nature. 5. Selenium, tellurium, polonium. Distribution. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological relevance (biological functions, toxicity), micro fertilizers. Insight into the biological activity of alpha emitters. 6. GROUP 7A. General characteristics. Fluorine. Distribution. Properties of the element. Compounds. Biological relevance (biological functions, toxicity). 7. Chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine. Distribution. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological relevance (biological functions, pharmacological administration, toxicity). 8. GROUP 8A General characteristics. Xenon. Compounds 9. Group B. Copper. Properties of the element. Compounds in oxidation state I and II. Biological relevance (biological functions toxicity). 0. Silver and gold. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Bactericidal properties of silver ions.. Group B. Zinc, cadmium, mercury. Properties of the elements. Compounds with oxidation state II. Compounds of mercury with oxidation state I. Biological role of zinc; antiseptic properties of zinc compounds, toxicity of cadmium and mercury.. Group 3B Scandium, yttrium, lanthanum. General characteristics. 3. Lanthanides: correlation electronic configuration - properties.. Actinides: description of the production of transuranic elements. 5. Group 6B. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten. Properties of the elements. Compounds. Biological significance of molybdenum, toxicity of chromium. 6. Group 7B. Manganese. Distribution. Properties of the element. Oxides and hydroxides. 7. Group 8B. General characteristics. Iron. Compounds. Hemoglobin. 8. Cobalt and nickel. Compounds, complex compounds, Vitamin B. Biological relevance (biological functions, pharmacological administration, toxicity). 9. Platinum metals. Compounds of palladium and platinum complexes, pharmacologically application. Bibliography Main sources:.kirkova, E., Chemistry of the elements and their compounds, Univ. Press "St. Kl. Ohridski ", Sofia, 03..Lazarov, D. Chemistry. Univ. Press "St. Kl. Ohridski ", Sofia, Genov, L., M. Maneva-Petrova. Inorganic Chemistry, Part II. Martilen, S., 993..Dafinova, R., E.Radkov, St. Manev, V.Pelova. Laboratory exercises and assignments in inorganic chemistry. Univ. Press "St. Kl. Ohridski ", Sofia, 000 Author: Maria Milanova 7
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