Choose the response which best completes the following statements or answers the following questions.

Transcription

1 Membrane Processes Practice Quiz/AP Biology Choose the response which best completes the following statements or answers the following questions. 1. If a solution outside a cell is more concentrated so that the cell loses water to its environment, the external solution is said to be to the cell contents. (1.) hypertonic (2.) in equilibrium (3.) isotonic (4.) hypotonic 2. Which mechanism requires energy? (1.) facilitated diffusion (2.) osmosis (3.) diffusion (4.) active transport 3. Pinching in of fluids by a unicellular organism is the process of (1.) phagocytosis (2.) osmosis (3.) pinocytosis (4.) exocytosis (5.) facilitated diffusion 4. Certain types of lymphocytes (white blood cells) in the lymph nodes ingest bacteria and debris. This function most likely occurs by (1.) exocytosis (2.) passive transport (3.) phagocytosis (4.) pinocytosis (5.) facilitated transport 5. Osmosis is a process that (1.) involves the movement of particles from saturated solutions (2.) moves water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, using energy (3.) involves the active transport of dissolved solids (4.) continues until the medium on each side of the membrane has become hypertonic (5.) equalizes the concentration of particles by the movement of water molecules Use the information below and your knowledge of biology to answer questions 6 through 7 which follow the reading passage. Each student in a biology laboratory received two solutions. One solution was distilled water. The other was a salt solution with concentrations of salts slightly greater than that of a living cell. The solutions were labeled X and Y, respectively. The students were instructed to place some fresh-water protozoans in each of the solutions and to identify the solutions on the basis of their observations. The protozoans in solution X shriveled. Those in solution Y swelled up and burst. 6. These results indicate that (1.) solution X was salt water (2.) solution Y contained killer protozoans (3.) solution Y was salt water (4.) solution X was distilled water (5.) solution X was tap water 7. The protozoans in solution X shriveled because (1.) an antagonistic substance was placed into the solution (2.) their membranes were more permeable to the passage of water than the organisms in Y (3.) osmotic pressure failed to operate (4.) a disproportionate amount of water diffused from the protozoans (5.) golgi bodies in the test organisms lost their function

2 8. In pond water, protozoans pump out excess water by means of their (1.) pellicle (2.) trichocyst (3.) cell membrane (4.) contractile vacuole (5.) pseudopodia 9. Which substance would have normally have the LEAST difficulty crossing a cell membrane? (1.) water (2.) protein (3.) carbohydrate (4.) salt (5.) there would be little difference in any of the above 10. Which requires the chemical energy of the cell to occur? (1.) diffusion (2.) facilitated diffusion (3.) osmosis (4.) active transport (5.) none of the previous 11. A protein allows a particular molecule or ion to freely cross the plasma membrane as it enters or exits the cell. (1.) cell-recognition (2.) carrier (3.) receptor (4.) enzymatic (5.) transport or channel 12. A protein combines with a substance and helps to move it across the membrane. (1.) carrier (2.) channel (3.) cell-recognition (4.) receptor (5.) enzymatic 13. Which cell process is represented by the diagram below? (1.) pinocytosis (2.) osmosis (3.) diffusion (4.) exocytosis 14. Which process requires membrane proteins? (1.) exocytosis (2.) phagocytosis (3.) receptor-mediated endocytosis (4.) pinocytosis 15. What is the term used to describe the movement of any material from high to low concentration called? (1.) facilitated diffusion (2.) equilibrium (3.) osmosis (4.) diffusion (5.) active transport 16. Which substance is important to the structure of the cell membrane because it helps the cell membrane keep its shape? (1.) cellulose (2.) cholesterol (3.) lipid bilayer (4.) protein 17. Which term is used to describe the carrying of molecules across a membrane that does not require energy. (1.) osmosis (2.) facilitated diffusion (3.) active transport (4.) diffusion 18. Most of the cell membrane is made up of fats that are arranged in a (1.) lipid bilayer (2.) cholesterol layer (3.) protein layer (4.) none of the above

3 19. The current theory of the structure of the plasma membrane is best described by the model. (1.) sandwich (2.) fluid-mosaic (3.) unit membrane (4.) electrochemical (5.) unipermeable 20. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur? (1.) Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution. (2.) Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution. (3.) Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution. (4.) Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution. (5.) None of the above will occur. 21. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, which will occur? (1.) Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution. (2.) Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution. (3.) Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution. (4.) Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution. (5.) None of the above will occur. 22. Freshwater protozoans react to a/an environment by removing water through (1.) hypertonic, turgor pressure (2.) hypotonic, turgor pressure (3.) isotonic, a contractile vacuole (4.) hypertonic, a contractile vacuole (5.) hypotonic, a contractile vacuole 23. Large amoeboid-type cells, called macrophages, remove bacteria and worn-out red blood cells by a process called (1.) facilitated diffusion (2.) osmosis (3.) exocytosis (4.) phagocytosis (5.) pinocytosis 24. The process by which a vesicle is formed at the plasma membrane to bring substances into the cell is called. (1.) endocytosis (2.) exocytosis (3.) plasmolysis (4.) hemolysis 25. Which type of solution has a lower percentage of solute than the cell? (1.) isotonic solution (2.) hypotonic solution (3.) hypoosmotic solution (4.) hypertonic solution 26. Which structure prevents the plant cell from bursting when placed in a hypotonic solution? (1.) central vacuole (2.) lysosome (3.) Golgi apparatus (4.) cell wall (5.) plasma membrane 27. A protein has a specific shape such that only a particular molecule can bind to it. (1.) enzymatic (2.) receptor (3.) cell-recognition (4.) channel (5.) carrier 28. Phospholipid molecules in a membrane are arranged with their on the exterior and their on the interior. (1.) hydrophobic heads... hydrophilic tails (2.) hydrophilic heads... hydrophobic tails (3.) nonpolar heads... polar tails

4 (4.) hydrophobic tails... hydrophilic heads (5.) hydrophilic heads... hydrophobic tails 29. In osmosis, water always moves toward the solution: that is, toward the solution with the solute concentration. (1.) isotonic... greater (2.) hypertonic... greater (3.) hypertonic... lesser (4.) hypotonic... greater (5.) hypotonic... lesser 30. The concentration of calcium in a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium? (1.) passive transport (2.) diffusion (3.) active transport (4.) osmosis (5.) any of the prior methods could be used 31. The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called. (1.) diffusion (2.) endocytosis (3.) phagocytosis (4.) active transport (5.) osmosis 32. Which statement best describes phagocytosis? (1.) Cells use this process to export products such as insulin or thyroxine. (2.) A cell engulfs a particle by wrapping pseudopodia around it and packaging it within a vacuole. (3.) Small droplets of extracellular fluid and all the dissolved solutes enter the cell by this process. (4.) Only specific extracellular ligands enter the cell in this fashion. (5.) After entry, the endocytotic vesicle migrates to and fuses with the Golgi apparatus. 33. The secretion of neurotransmitters out of the nerve cell, from small vesicles at the end of the axon, can be considered an example of (1.) exocytosis (2.) endocytosis (3.) phagocytosis (4.) pinocytosis (5.) osmoregulation 34. The transport of molecules of a particular solute from inside an animal cell across the cell membrane to the extracellular fluid always requires energy when (1.) the lipid bilayer is permeable to the solute (2.) the concentration of the solute is higher inside the cell than outside it (3.) the concentration of the solute is lower inside the cell than outside it (4.) a transport protein is involved in the movement of the molecules (5.) the cytoskeleton blocks all available channels 35. If the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in an aqueous solution, that solution is said to be to the cell. (1.) hypertonic (2.) subatomic (3.) isotonic (4.) cold and cough tonic (5.) hypotonic

5 36. Which process is best represented by the diagram below (1.) endocytosis (2.) active transport (3.) exocytosis (4.) biocytosis 37. Oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli in the lungs by the process of (1.) phagocytosis (2.) active transport (3.) osmosis (4.) diffusion (5.) facilitated diffusion Identify the structures on the cell membrane below AND briefly but completely discuss their functions. Link to the answers for this practice quiz