Lesson Objectives. The Age of Exploration. Key Terms. Outline. The First Visitors from Europe. The First Visitors from Europe

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1 Lesson Objectives The Age of Exploration Europe Looks Outward ( ) Ch. 2, Sec. 1 w Explain what happened to the Vikings who explored Newfoundland w Describe the voyages of Christopher Columbus w Describe the expeditions of such Spanish explorers as Vasco Nunez de Balboa and Ferdinand Magellan w Explain the importance of the Columbian Exchange Outline w First Visitors from Europe w The Voyages of Columbus w Setting Sail w Spain Backs more Voyages w w Vasco Nunez de Balboa w Ferdinand Magellan w The Columbian Exchange Key Terms w - a narrow passage that connects two large bodies of water w - travel around The First Visitors from Europe w 50 years ago, most people accepted the fact that Christopher Columbus was the person who discovered America. w We have learned, however, that it is possible that people crossed into the America s from Asia thousands of years ago. w It is also quite probable that Columbus was not the first to make it to America. The First Visitors from Europe w So far, we only have evidence of the arrival of a European people known as the w They were a seagoing people who originally lived in the part of Northern Europe known as. 1

2 The Vikings w In 1963, scientists found the remains of an early Viking settlement in Newfoundland. w These findings supported the truth of old Viking stories w According to one story, a Viking named and 35 others sailed from a colony on Greenland, in 1001, to investigate reports of land farther West. w They explored the region and spent the winter in a place they called. The Vikings w The period of exploration of the Vikings, is actually referred to as the w This has a great affect on the histories of Norse, Britain, Ireland, and the rest of Europe in general w Explorers such as Leif Erikson would have reached the America s nearly years before Christopher Columbus. Leif Erikson w Leif became inspired to explore the land west of, after a visit there. w We believe that his exploration, in which he was accompanied by around 35 men, would have landed him somewhere in the now southern part of Canada. According to legend, he named it Vinland w This makes it more remarkable that he was able to survive a there. The Voyages of Columbus w Vinland existed only as a myth for the next 500 years. Whether Christopher Columbus ever heard these stories or not, we do not know. w Columbus, however, did believe that he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Ocean w Never suspecting a large land mass in his way. Christopher Columbus ( ) w Columbus grew up near Genoa, near an important port on the west coast of w In the 1470 s, he settled in, which was Europe s lead seafaring nation w Columbus sailed on Portuguese ships, studied maps and charts, and learned about the world beyond Europe. w All of these factors led to his desire to make a voyage to. Christopher Columbus ( ) w The King of Portugal showed little interest in Columbus plan. w He hoped to follow the path to Asia laid out by Bartholomew Dias and other Portuguese explorers were busy navigating around the southern part of. w The King was also concerned about the assumption that Columbus had made about the of the world, thinking that it was much larger, the voyage would be much longer, and would cost much more money. 2

3 Christopher Columbus ( ) w Portugal refused to finance his trip. But he refused to give up. w He moved to Spain and set his plain before King and Queen w They both liked Columbus s plan but it took them 6 years to provide the ships for him to make the voyage. Setting Sail w In August, about 90 men, most of them Spaniards, prepared to make the voyage with Columbus to find Asia by selling westward across the Atlantic Ocean w The men would board 3 ships: w The Niña, the Piñta, and the The Ships w Each of them were tiny, between 55 and 90 ft. long. w The Santa Maria was the largest, and the Pinta the smallest w Sailing with the wind, they covered up to 170 miles per day w Columbus thought they would reach Asia in days w After a month at sea, there was no sight of land w The crew was restless and spoke even of, but Columbus held strong against the threat The Voyage w Finally, on October 12, a sailor spotted land! w Coming ashore in a small boat, Columbus claimed the island for w Believing he was in the Asian islands known as the Indies, he called these people w The next day in his journal it read, I intend to see if I can find the island of Japan. Further Exploration w The next day, Columbus set out southwest and found another island, which he thought was Japan, but was actually w His guides pointed him west to the island of Hispanolia w In, he set sail to return to Spain. Columbus s Return w When Columbus returned to Spain after this maiden voyage, his King and Queen showered him with. w He would eventually make more trips to these islands during the course of his lifetime 3

4 Spain Backs More Voyages w Back in Spain, Columbus reported that there were huge amounts of in the land that he referred to as the West Indies w The grateful King and Queen, at one time, even made him a governor for all the land he had claimed for. Spain Backs More Voyages w In September, 1493, Columbus set sail for the Indies again with ships, filled with 1,500 soldiers,, and priests. w The Spanish planned to colonize and rule the land he had claimed for them w They were going to also convert the people who were there, Indians, to Spain Backs More Voyages w On this 2nd voyage, Columbus discovered many other islands, including Puerto Rico. w He also found that the men he had left at Hispaniola had been killed by. w He built a settlement close to the first one; enslaved the Indians and forced them to dig for w Within a few months, 12 of the ships returned to Spain carrying gold, trinkets, and many. Spain Backs More Voyages w On his 3rd expedition in 1498, Columbus reached the northern shores of South America; thinking that it was mainland. w He made a 4th voyage in to attempt to prove his claim. w Columbus would die in, still convinced that he had reached Asia. What You Didn t Know.. w Columbus kept his sail log, so his crew would not know how far they actually were from Europe w Between 1493 & 1496 Columbus made a second voyage back to Hispanolia to claim land for Spain; during this time thousands of natives died from European and forced labor w Between 1498 & 1500 the conditions got so bad, that the King and Queen ordered for the of Columbus in Hispanolia Checkpoint Question Why were Spain s monarchs interested in the proposal Columbus made to them? 4

5 w Many future explorers would follow the route set forth by Christopher Columbus w Another Italian explorer made 2 trips to the new lands, and was convinced that they were not part of Asia. w He described the land as a new world more densely peopled and full of than our Europe or Asia or Africa. w A German mapmaker labeled the region talked about by Vespucci as the land of Amerigo on his maps. w The name was later shortened to w Meanwhile, the Spanish continued to explore and colonize. w In 1510,, a Spanish colonist, explored the Caribbean coast of what is now Panama. w Making his way through the thick jungle, we believe him to believe the first European to set his eyes on the Ocean. w The discovery that another ocean lay to the West of the America s did not end the search for a water route to. w In September 1519, Portuguese explorer, set out to find an Atlantic-Pacific Passageway. w For more than a year Magellan s small fleet moved down the South American coast, looking for a w As they pushed South, they began to encounter things that no other European had before w Finally, near the southern tip of modern day Argentina, Magellan found a narrow. w For 38 days they fought winds, tides, and currents to reach the ocean that Balboa had saw nearly 10 years earlier. w Today, this is referred to as the w Although Magellan didn t realize it, Asia was still of miles away. w Magellan finally reached the Phillipine Islands. w There, he and several others were killed in a battle with the. w The survivors of the attack fled in two of the ships, one finally reaching Spain in. w This made these 18 men, the first to circumnavigate the earth, taking them years. 5

6 Checkpoint Question What were the contributions of Balboa and Magellan as explorers? The Columbian Exchange w These early Spanish voyages set the stage for a great between the Western and Eastern hemispheres. w Many of the changes brought about by the Columbian Exchange were. w Europeans introduced cows, hogs, and other domestic to the Western Hemisphere. w Many food, such as wheat and oats, also arrived on the ships that brought the Europeans. The Columbian Exchange w While many positive, there were many affects as well w Europeans brought to which Native Americans had no immunity, or natural resistance. w Smallpox, chickenpox, measles, and other contagious diseases killed Native Americans by the thousands The Columbian Exchange w Europeans in the Americas found and animals they had never heard of or seen before w Today, the crops that were originally found in the America s account for of the world s total crops. Checkpoint Question What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on Europe? Explorer Review - Christopher Columbus (Spanish) - John Cabot (English) - Amerigo Vespucci (Spanish) - Vasco de Balboa (Spanish) - Ferdinand Magellan (Spanish) - Hernando Cortes (Spanish) - Francisco Pizarro (Spanish) - Henry Hudson (Netherlands) Summary 6