Honors Chemistry Semester 1 Study Guide- A.Adams
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1 1. What is chemistry? Honors Chemistry Semester 1 Study Guide- A.Adams 2. Write the steps to the scientific method. 3. What is a hypothesis? 4. What is an independent variable? 5. What is a dependent variable? 6. What is a control? 7. What is mass? 8. What is volume? 9. What are the SI units for mass, volume, and distance? 10. Write the metric conversion chart. (King Henry Died Unexpectedly Drinking Chocolate Milk) 11. Metric to Metric Conversion Problems a mg kg b. 5 km m c ml L
2 d km cm e. 1.14g kg 12. Metric to English/ English to Metric Conversion Problems (Use your conversion chart) a. How many meters are there in 275 feet? b. How many ounces are in 327 grams? c. How many centimeters are in 0.5 kilometers? d. How many milliliters are in 29 gallons? e. How many miles are in kilometers? 13. What is scientific notation? 14. Scientific Notation Problems a. Convert to scientific notation b. Convert 1,235,000,945 to scientific notation c. Solve: (2.567 x 10 4 ) x (3.41 x 10 2 ) d. Solve: (4.52 x 10-3 ) (1.48 x 10-1 ) e. Solve: (6.56 x 10 4 ) (2.25 x 10-2 )
3 15. Define significant figures. Write the rules for significant figures. Name: 16. Indicate how many significant figures there are in each of the following: a b c d. 500 e Calculate the answers with the appropriate number of significant figures: a = b x 3.8 = c = 18. What is density? What equation do we use for density? 19. What SI units are used for density? 20. Density Problems a. A block of aluminum occupies a volume of 15.0 ml and weighs 40.5 g. What is its density? b. A rectangular block of copper metal weighs 1896 g. The dimensions of the block are 8.4 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.6 cm. From this data, what is the density of copper? 21. What is the difference between accuracy and precision? 22. What is percent error?
4 23. Percent Error Problems a. Jessie estimates the weight of her cat to be 10 pounds. The actual weight of the cat is pounds. Find the percent error. b. As the result of experimental work, a student finds the density of a liquid to be g/cm 3. The known density of that liquid is g/cm 3. What is the percent error of this student s work? 24. What are the states of matter? Give characteristics of each. 25. What is a physical property? 26. What is a chemical property? 27. What is a physical change? 28. What is a chemical change? 29. Classify each of the following as a Chemical or Physical Change a. Decomposition b. Boiling water c. Bending a piece of wire d. Burning a piece of paper e. Dissolving sugar in water 30. What are pure substances? Give examples 31. What is a mixture? 32. What is a heterogeneous mixture? 33. What is a homogenous mixture?
5 34. Identify each of the following as a Homogenous or Heterogeneous Mixture a. NaCl (salt) dissolved in water b. Chicken Soup c. Fog d. Soda 35. What is an atom? What is it made up of? 36. What is a proton? How can we determine the number of protons? 37. What is a neutron? How can we determine the number of neutrons? 38. What is an electron? How can we determine the number of electrons? 39. What is the atomic number? 40. What is atomic mass? How do we determine atomic mass? 41. What two subatomic particles can be found in the nucleus? 42. Atomic Chart a Isotope Name Chromium - 53 Nuclear Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number # of Protons # of Neutrons b c Cl 22 26
6 d e f What is an ion? Define cation and anion. 44. Define wavelength. What equation do we use to find wavelength? 45. Define frequency. What equation do we use to find frequency? 46. What is the speed of light? 47. Describe the relationship between wavelength and frequency. 48. Wavelength and Frequency Problems a. What is the frequency of a wave with a wavelength of 10m? b. What is the wavelength of a wave with a frequency of 1.56 x Hz? c. What is the frequency of a wave with a wavelength of 2.65 km? 49. What is the visible light spectrum? Which color has the greatest frequency? Which color has the lowest frequency? 50. What is wave-particle duality?
7 51. What is Plank s constant? How do we use this to find the energy of light? (Give the equation) 52. What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency? 53. Energy Problems a. What is the energy in Joules of a photon of light having a frequency of 1.48 x Hz? b. What is the energy in Joules of a photon of light having a frequency of 3.92x 10 6 Hz? 54. What is an electron configuration (full and abbreviated)? Define quantum number and subshells. 55. Write the full and abbreviated Electron Configurations for the following: a. Chromium (Cr) b. Helium (He) c. Rubidium (Rb) d. Chlorine (Cl) e. Krypton (Kr) f. Lithium ion g. Nitride
8 h. Bromide i. Nickel II ion j. Tin IV ion 56. What is orbital notation (full and abbreviated)? Define orbital. 57. What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle? 58. What is Hund s Rule? 59. Write the full and abbreviated Orbital Notations for the following: a. Boron (B) b. Oxygen (O) c. Neon (Ne) d. Calcium (Ca) e. Silver (Ag) f. Aluminum ion g. Chloride h. Manganese II ion i. Potassium ion
9 j. Sulfide 60. Define valence electron. 61. What is a Lewis Dot Diagram? 62. Define the octet rule. 63. Write the Lewis Dot Diagrams for the following: a. Carbon (C) b. Magnesium (Mg) c. Silicon (Si) d. Argon (Ar) e. Chlorine (Cl) f. Strontium (Sr) g. Helium (He) h. Nitrogen (N) i. Sulfur (S) j. Boron (B) 64. Name the stable charge of the ions for the following groups on the periodic table
10 a. Group 1 b. Group 2 c. Group 13 d. Group 15 e. Group 16 f. Group Define atomic radius. What is the trend for atomic radius? 66. Define shielding. 67. Define first ionization energy. What is the trend for first ionization energy? 68. What happens to the successive ionization energy when you lose a core electron versus a valence electron? 69. How does an ionic charge affect atomic radius? 70. What is electronegativity? What is the trend for electronegativity? 71. What is a compound? 72. Define ionic compound. 73. Define covalent compound.
11 74. Which compound is stronger, an ionic compound or a covalent compound? 75. Name the following compounds and identify them as either ionic or covalent: a. K 2 O b. S 2 Cl 2 c. Sr 3 (PO 4 ) 2 d. CO e. N 2 S 3 f. ZnO g. CuS h. H 2 O i. Sn(CO 3 ) 2 j. CoCl Write the formula for the following compounds and identify them as either ionic or covalent: a. Chlorine monoxide b. Lithium fluoride c. Calcium nitride
12 d. Magnesium sulfate e. Sodium chloride f. Oxygen difluoride g. Carbon dioxide h. Iron (II) oxide i. Lead (IV) phosphate j. Manganese (III) sulfide 77. Draw the Lewis Dot Diagrams for the following compounds: a. CCl 4 b. H 2 O c. C 2 H 6 d. NH 3 e. CO KNOW YOUR IONS!
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