Heat Source and Heat Sinks

Transcription

1 Heat Source and Heat Sinks Heat Source: Do You Add Salt To Boiling Water.htm A heat source is any device or natural body that supplies heat. Examples of a heat source: The sun, gas stove, fire, volcano, hot spring, radiator, electric heater, hot water bottle, chemical hand warmer, friction, nuclear reactor Heat Sinks: A heat sink is something that's capable of absorbing unwanted heat from substances within an environment (and with which it is in thermal contact) without a big change in its own temperature or phase. Examples of heat sinks: the radiator in your car, resistors in electronics, cooling of a CPU in a computer (aluminum or copper), air cooling of tooling, water cooling of tooling 1

2 Water as a Heat Sink: storing Large bodies of water play a very important role when it comes to regulating temperature changes. This is caused because water is very good at obtaining heat and slowly it, then releasing the heat later when the temperature drops. Water heats and cools more than land. Large bodies of water such as oceans, seas, and large lakes affect the climate of an area. heat sinks Bodies of water affect climate in many ways, but perhaps the most significant impact is based on the fact that large bodies of water act as. store heat In other words, large bodies of water tend to in warm periods and release it in cold periods. So, during the summer, land areas near a large body of water may not heat up as much as areas that are not close to water, because the water itself is absorbing much of the heat energy. This will cause the climate to be more moderate in summer near the coast. What would the summers tend to be like in Kingston? (Think about the body of water we live beside) Likewise in winter, the water near the coast will slowly release this energy, causing coastal areas to be, less cold in general, than inland areas. So, in summary, large bodies of water tend to moderate temperatures in both summer and winter in nearby land areas, compared to areas that are farther inland. 2

3 There are many other ways that bodies of water affect climate, such as warm or cold temperature currents. The Gulf Stream, for example, a warm current, tends to keep the east coast of the US warmer than it otherwise would be, because it flows from the warm Gulf of Mexico past Florida and up along the east coast. If there are no bodies of water to moderate the climate the same conditions follow as with vast, flat plains. The climate condition is continental with more extreme temperatures, a larger range, and less precipitation. Ocean Currents Ocean currents are a factor in determining the climate of a place. Much as in the air and rock cycles, convection circulates water in currents. This is caused by the movement of hot water to. cold Warm water flows from the equator and cold from the poles. This movement is interrupted or altered by large landmasses. In Ontario, the ocean currents have little direct effect on the climate but the climate of southern Ontario is influenced by the Great Lakes. The summers and winters are moderate. Temperatures are warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. 3

4 Heat Source, Heat Sinks and Climates Name: 1. On the map of the world above locate the cities of Kingston, Edmonton and Belfast, mark them with an 'X' and label them. 2. Fill in the blanks and the Charts below using the data from the Rough Data Page #6 Belfast, Northern Ireland is at a latitude of: Average low average high January May July Edmonton, Alberta is at a latitude of: Average low average high January May July Kingston, Ontario is at a latitude of: Average low average high January May July 4

5 Water as a Heat Sink: What is the latitude of Kingston? What is the latitude of Edmonton? What is the latitude of Belfast? Which two cities are at the same latitude on the earth? Do they have the same average low temperature in January? What are these temperatures for the two cities? Based on the lesson on heat sinks and heat sources, why do you think there's a temperature difference in January between these two cities? (Edmonton & Belfast) Which city, Edmonton or Belfast has the biggest temperature range from winter to summer? (average high in July average low in January) What is the yearly rainfall (or precipitation) in mm of Edmonton? What is the yearly rainfall (or precipitation) in mm of Belfast? Based on the lesson on heat sinks and heat sources, why do you think there's a difference in the amount of rain fall between these two cities? 5

6 Rough Data Sheet: City Latitude Belfast, Northern Ireland 54º Kingston, Ontario 44º Edmonton, Alberta 54º Climate Data for Belfast Northern Ireland Annual average high 12.3 C Annual average low 5.5 C Average 8.9 C Average annual precipitation: 860 mm Days per year with precipitation: 213 d. Climate Data for Edmonton Alberta, Canada 2010 Annual average high Annual average low 10 C 4.1 C Average 2.5 C Average annual precipitation: 516 mm Days per year with precipitation: 223 d. Climate Data for Kingston Annual average high Annual average low 11 C 2.2 C Average 6.7 C Average annual precipitation: 968 mm Days per year with precipitation: 126 d. 6