CHEM 100 MODULE 9 Energy PRETEST

Transcription

1 CHEM 100 MODULE 9 Energy PRETEST 1. The solar energy absorbing molecules of plants that power photosynthesis are called A) carbohydrates. B) photovoltaics. C) solarases. D) chlorophylls. 2. A watt is A) 1 s/joule. B) 1 cal/s. C) 1 joule/s. D) 1 s/cal. 3. How many joules of energy will a stock tank heater rated at 1500 watts use in a 24 hour period? A) 1500 B) C) D) All of the following examples are classified as potential energy except A) energy stored by position. B) energy in nuclear particles. C) energy of a moving object. D) energy in chemical bonds. 5. Which of the following situations would be an example of kinetic energy? A) a compressed spring B) a nuclear explosion C) a tank of gasoline D) a batter waiting for the ball to be pitched 6. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? A) CO2 B) H2O C) H2S D) O2 7. Burning 1 mol of methane in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water produces 803 kj of energy. How much energy is produced when 3 mol of methane is burned? A) 268 kj B) 803 kj C) 1,606 kj D) 2,409 kj 1

2 8. The decomposition of 2 mol of water to hydrogen and oxygen requires 137 kcal of energy. The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form 2 mol of water A) requires 137 kcal. B) releases 137 kcal. C) requires more than 137 kcal. D) releases more than 137 kcal. 9. Which of the following will cause the rate of a chemical reaction to speed up? A) raising the temperature B) increasing the concentration of reactants C) adding a catalyst D) All of these will speed up the rate of a reaction. 10. According to kinetic-molecular theory, reactions occur more rapidly at higher temperatures because A) molecules move faster at higher temperatures. B) molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures C) molecules have more energy at higher temperatures. D) All of the above are true. 11. Which of the following is an endothermic process? A) evaporation of water B) burning of wood C) explosion of dynamite D) discharging of a battery 12. The first law of thermodynamics is sometimes called the law of A) conservation of mass. B) conservation of energy. C) creation of energy. D) destruction of energy. 13. The statement "you can't get something for nothing" is another way of expressing A) the first law of thermodynamics. B) the second law of thermodynamics. C) Boyle's law. D) the third law of thermodynamics. 14. Another name for the first law of thermodynamics is A) the law of conservation of matter. B) the law of conservation of energy. C) the periodic law of the elements. D) the law of universal gravitation. 15. The fact that a heat pump requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the outside of a house) to a hotter object (the inside of the house) is a real life observation of which thermodynamic law? 2

3 A) the first law B) the second law C) the third law D) the fourth law 16. The fact that a refrigerator requires energy to move heat from a colder object (the inside of the refrigerator) to a hotter object (the outside of the refrigerator) is a real life observation of which law of thermodynamics? A) first law B) second law C) third law D) fourth law 17. Which physical state has the lowest entropy? A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) All have the same entropy. 18. Which physical state has the greatest entropy? A) solid B) liquid C) gas D) All have the same entropy. 19. The second law of thermodynamics defines A) entropy. B) energy. C) heat. D) temperature. 20. The inevitable energy lost as heat in the generation of electrical energy in the most efficient fossil fuel based power plant is a result of A) the first law of thermodynamics. B) the second law of thermodynamics. C) a poor understanding of energy conversion. D) designed inefficiencies to increase costs to the consumer. 21. The number of possible microstates will be greatest for a A) gas. B) liquid. C) solid. D) All will have the same number of microstates. 22. Which of the following will have the greatest amount of entropy? A) gas B) liquid C) solid 3

4 D) All have the same amount of entropy. 23. Fuels are forms of matter. A) oxidized B) reduced C) acidic D) basic 24. Fuels are A) oxidized forms of matter. B) reduced forms of matter. C) capable of being reduced. D) either oxidized or reduced forms of matter. 25. The primary element in coal is A) carbon. B) hydrogen. C) oxygen. D) sulfur. 26. The highest grade of coal is A) anthracite. B) bituminous. C) lignite. D) peat. 27. The lowest grade of coal is A) anthracite. B) bituminous. C) lignite. D) peat. 28. Given the following analysis of coal samples, which is the best fuel? A) 95% C, 5% O B) 75% C, 25% O C) 50% C, 50% O D) 25% C, 75% O 29. Approximately what percentage of U.S. electricity is generated by the burning of coal? A) 10% B) 30% C) 50% D) 80% 30. When coal burns A) chemical energy is converted to heat energy. B) heat energy is created. C) chemical energy is destroyed. 4

5 D) heat energy is converted to electrical energy. 31. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using coal as a fuel source? A) SO2 is released and contributes to air pollution. B) Coal is the least abundant of the fossil fuels. C) Strip mining is devastating to the environment. D) The cost of transporting coal to power plants or factories is high. 32. The major component of natural gas is A) ethane. B) methane. C) propane. D) butane. 33. An advantage of natural gas as a fuel is that it is A) more abundant than coal. B) easy to locate and extract. C) the cleanest of the fossil fuels. D) All of the above are advantages. 34. Natural gas is mainly A) CO2. B) CH4. C) SO2. D) CO and H Petroleum is best described as a(n) A) pure substance. B) compound. C) simple mixture. D) complex mixture. 36. The main components of petroleum are A) hydrocarbons. B) carbohydrates. C) fats and oils. D) ionic compounds. 37. To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be A) distilled. B) filtered. C) reduced. D) washed with water. 38. Gasoline is a A) compound. B) pure substance. 5

6 C) simple mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons. D) complex mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons. 39. Pure isooctane would have an octane rating of A) 0. B) 50. C) 75. D) Pure heptane would have an octane rating of A) 0. B) 50. C) 75. D) What metal, when added as a compound, increases octane rating of gasoline? A) Pb B) Hg C) Na D) Zn 42. The petroleum fraction with the highest boiling point is A) gas. B) gasoline. C) kerosene. D) heating oil. 43. The major component of petroleum is (are) A) benzene. B) water. C) organic compounds of sulfur. D) hydrocarbons. 44. Which of the following products is NOT made from petroleum? A) industrial organic solvents B) detergents C) plastics D) All of the above are made from petroleum. 45. The petroleum fraction that has the lowest boiling point is A) gasoline. B) kerosene. C) heating oil. D) natural gas. 46. The conversion of coal to gas results in the production of synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is a mixture of A) C and H2O 6

7 B) CH4 and H2O C) CO and H2 D) CH4 and H2 47. At present, what approximate percentage of electricity generated in the United States comes from nuclear energy? A) 20% B) 40% C) 60% D) 80% 48. Control rods in a nuclear reactor are used to A) absorb neutrons and slow down fission. B) absorb neutrons and speed up fission. C) release neutrons and slow down fission. D) release neutrons and speed up fission. 49. You cannot make a bomb from reactor grade uranium because it A) is not radioactive enough. B) is too well guarded. C) would explode prematurely. D) is not enriched enough in uranium A breeder reactor converts A) nonfissionable U-238 to fissionable U-235. B) nonfissionable U-238 to fissionable Pu-239. C) fissionable U-235 to fissionable U-238. D) fissionable U-235 to fissionable Pu Breeder reactors allow for the use of A) abundant and naturally occurring U-235 as a nuclear fuel. B) abundant and naturally occurring U-238 as a nuclear fuel. C) abundant and naturally occurring Pu-238 as a nuclear fuel. D) Breeder reactors allow for none of the above. 52. Which technology is NOT used at all today for the production of electricity? A) nuclear fusion B) nuclear fission C) solar cells D) geothermal power plants 53. What percentage of the electricity produced in the world today comes from nuclear fusion? A) 0% B) 10% C) 25% D) 40% 7

8 54. Photovoltaic cells convert A) solar energy into chemical energy. B) solar energy into mechanical energy. C) solar energy into electrical energy. D) solar energy into heat energy. 55. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that A) produces fuels from water. B) burns gasoline to produce heat. C) converts coal to a gas. D) converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy. 56. Which of the following is NOT powered by the sun? A) the water cycle B) the winds C) geothermal energy D) biomass production 8