Professor Diane Hilker
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- Eustace Lester
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1 Professor Diane Hilker
2 I. Exp. 9: The Effect of ph on Growth of Microbes II. Exp. 10: The Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Microbes III. Exp. 11: The Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Bacteria IV. Exp. 12: Oxygen Requirements for Growth of Microbes
3 Purpose: To determine the effects of ph on certain microorganisms. Acidophile: microbes that grow at a low ph (less that ph 7) Alkalophile: microbes that grow at a high ph (greater that ph 7) Most bacteria prefer a neutral ph (ph 7) Most fungi prefer an acidic ph
4 Food is preserved with low ph solutions Vinegar Lemon Juice Tomato Sauce
5 Certain diseases are treated or prevented by lowering ph Urinary Tract Infections: Cranberry Juice Vaginitis: vinegar douches Swimmer s ear (Otitis externa): vinegar/rubbing alcohol ear drops Pseudomonas sp.
6 Fill in Table 3 with + s and s Which microbe is an acidophile? Which microbe is an alkalophile?
7 I. Exp. 9: The Effect of ph on Growth of Microbes II. Exp. 10: The Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Microbes III. Exp. 11: The Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Bacteria IV. Exp. 12: Oxygen Requirements for Growth of Microbes
8 Purpose: To determine the salt tolerance of different microorganisms. Refer to Unit 4 Lecture Notes What is Osmotic Pressure? What moves across the semi-permeable membrane, the solvent or solute?
9 Isotonic: no movement of H 2 O in or out of the cell Hypotonic: H 2 O enters the cell Cell will swell and then burst Hypertonic: H 2 O leaves the cell Cell shrinks-cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall Bacteriostatic state created
10
11 Osmophiles: love hypertonic solutions Halophile: loves salt Found in the oceans and on skin Saccharophile: loves sugars or carbohydrates
12 Fill in Table 4 with + s and s Which microbe is a halophile?
13 I. Exp. 9: The Effect of ph on Growth of Microbes II. Exp. 10: The Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Microbes III. Exp. 11: The Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Bacteria IV. Exp. 12: Oxygen Requirements for Growth of Microbes
14 Purpose: To determine the effects of UV light on certain microorganisms. Prevents replication and function of DNA Limited uses: can t penetrate surfaces Used to sterilize: Surfaces such as tabletops, instruments, and goggles Atmosphere of enclosed areas like operating rooms Protect eyes
15 Fill in Table 5 with + s and s Which microbe requires longer periods of time to eliminate it? Why?
16 I. Exp. 9: The Effect of ph on Growth of Microbes II. Exp. 10: The Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Microbes III. Exp. 11: The Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Bacteria IV. Exp. 12: Oxygen Requirements for Growth of Microbes
17 Purpose: To determine the effects of oxygen on the growth of certain microorganisms. Refer to Unit 4 Lecture Notes Aerobes: require O 2 for growth Anaerobes: killed in the presence of O 2 Facultative: can grow in the presence or absence of O 2
18 2 Culture Media Tubes Used: Fluid Thioglycollate Broth Brewers Anaerobic Agar Deep 2 Chemicals Found in the Tubes: Thioglycollate: removes O 2 Resazurin: O 2 Indicator O 2 Present: pink/purple color No O 2 : colorless
19 Fill in Table 6 with + s and s Which microbes are aerobes, anaerobes or facultative? What does a hyperbaric chamber do and what type of microbes would be eliminated by this device?
20 Professor Diane Hilker
21 I. Exp. 23: Transformation of E. coli -discussed last II. Exp. 24: Passive Agglutination with Latex Beads III. Exp. 25: Parasitology
22 I. Exp. 23: Transformation of E. coli -discussed last II. Exp. 24: Passive Agglutination with Latex Beads III. Exp. 25: Parasitology
23 Purpose: To perform an agglutination procedure and to determine what species of Staphylococcus is present on a petri plate Immunology Experiment: Antigens and Antibodies Staphaurex R Test Kit: S. aureus vs. S. epidermidis
24 Antibodies on beads will recognize S. aureus only Positive Reaction: Agglutination or clumping S. aureus present on plate Negative Reaction: No agglutination or smooth appearance Not S. aureus S. epidermidis present on plate Demonstration by instructor
25 I. Exp. 23: Transformation of E. coli -discussed last II. Exp. 24: Passive Agglutination with Latex Beads III. Exp. 25: Parasitology
26 Purpose: To be able to observe different types of helminths Observe Preserved Specimens Observe Prepared Slides: Scan Power/Clean Slide Observe a Live Worm: Vinegar Eels 2 Types of Worms: Platyhelminths: Flatworms Tremodes or flukes Cestodes Nematodes: Roundworms
27 Platyhelminths 1. Clonorchis: fluke 2. Taenia sp.: tapeworm a. Scolex: head b. Proglottids: segments (male & female organs)
28 Nematodes 3. Enterobius: pinworm 4. Necator: hookworm
29 Nematodes 5. Ascaris: 6. Trichinella sp.: muscle biopsy
30 Nematodes: Live Worm 7. Vinegar eels: Turbatrix aceti Non-pathogenic Need a low ph Found on fermented apples and non-pasteurized vinegar
31 I. Exp. 23: Transformation of E. coli II. Exp. 24: Passive Agglutination with Latex Beads III. Exp. 25: Parasitology
32 Purpose: To genetically transform E. coli so that it is resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin Groups of 2-3 students Materials Needed/group Follow procedure in Lab Manual Theory to be discussed in the next lab
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