Prentice Hall Writing and Grammar: Communication in Action, Bronze 2001 Correlated to: Nebraska Reading/Writing Standards (Grades 6-8)

Transcription

1 Prentice Hall Writing and Grammar: Communication in Action, Bronze 2001 Nebraska Reading/Writing Standards (Grades 6-8) 8.1 Reading The standards for grade 8 presume that basic skills in reading have been taught before grade 4 and that students are independent readers. For those students who are still having difficulty in developing grade level reading skills teachers should continue to work with student sin those areas appropriate to the skills and needs of the individual student. Grades 4 through 8 should continue the emphasis on developing reading skills (skill building) while maintaining the emphases on expanding the variety and depth of reading experiences. 1. Use knowledge of roots and affixes to read specialized vocabulary in the content areas. SE/TE: Adverb or Adjective?: 352, Participles: 430, Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs: , Hyphens and Apostrophes: , Using Roots: 698, Using Prefixes: 699, Using Suffixes: 700, Adding Suffixes: 705 Adding Prefixes: 706 TR: Grammar Exercise Workbook: 31-36, 69-78, , Academic and Workplace Skills Activity y Book: TECH: Language Lab CD-ROM 2. Use context clues to confirm the accuracy of their reading. SE/TE: Recognizing Context Clues: 692, Studying Meanings in the Content Areas: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 17-18, Adjust reading rate based on purposes for reading. SE/TE: Using Reading Strategies: , Reading Nonfiction Critically: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 34-37,

2 4. Identify words and phrases that are causing comprehension difficulty. SE/TE: Reading Methods and Tools: , Analyzing the Text: , Creating Graphic Organizers for Comprehension: , Comprehending Nonfiction: 721, Reading Literary Writing: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 34-37, Identify meanings associated with prefixes, suffixes, and roots to understand specialized vocabulary in the content areas. 6. Identify and use correctly in all content areas words related as antonyms, synonyms, compounds, homophones, and homographs. SE/TE: Adverb or Adjective?: 352, Participles: 430, Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs: , Hyphens and Apostrophes: , Using Roots: 698, Using Prefixes: 699, Using Suffixes: 700, Adding Suffixes: 705, Adding Prefixes: 706 TR: Grammar Exercise Workbook: 31-36, 69-78, , Academic and Workplace Skills Activity y Book: TECH: Language Lab CD-ROM SE/TE: Compound Nouns: , Peer Review: 238, Combining Sentence Parts: , Prepositions: , Compound Words: , Studying Words Systematically: 697, Spelling Homophones: 710 TR: Grammar Exercise Workbook: 1-6, , Writing Support Transparencies: 11-E-F, Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 19-20,

3 7. Use reference materials, such as a standard dictionary or thesaurus, to learn and confirm word meanings. SE/TE: Using Dictionaries: ,Revising Y our Word Choice: 138, Reference Skills: , Recognizing Context Clues: 692, Use a Notebook and a Glossary: 693, Studying Words Systematically: 697, Proofreading and Using References: 711, Using Sections in Textbooks: 715 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 7-G-I, Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 34-37, In order to expand the variety and depth of the reading experience, students should be assigned regular reading activities from reading lists developed by schools or other recognized sources By the end of the eighth grade, students will identify the basic facts and essential ideas in what they have read or viewed. 1. Monitor their understanding as they read. SE/TE: Using Reading Strategies: , Using Graphic Organizers: , Reading Nonfiction Critically: , Reading Literary Writing: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 34-37, 38-43, Draw on strategies such as recalling text (genre) characteristics, generating essential questions, and clarifying ideas by rereading and discussing. SE/TE: Reading Methods and Tools: , Reading Nonfiction Critically: , Reading Literary Writing: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 34-37, 38-43,

4 3. Identify main ideas and supporting details in eighth-grade level text. SE/TE: Reading Nonfiction Critically: 721, Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: , Drafting: 279, Paragraphs and Compositions: 32-33, Reading-Writing Connections: 152, 153, 224, Revising Your Paragraphs: 162, 185, Media and Technology Skills: 195, Provide Support: 259, Revising: 281, Listening Effectively: TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 8-F-G, 12-E 4. Follow instructions written at an eighth-grade level. SE/TE: How-To Essay: 199, Prewriting: 157, Writing Application: 201, Reading Nonfiction Critically: 723 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 8-A-D, Writing Support Activity Book: Interpret information from diagrams, charts, and graphs. SE/TE: Viewing and Representing Skills: , Interpreting Graphic Aids: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: Evaluate information for relevance and accuracy, based on prior knowledge and classroom discussion. SE/TE: Reading-Writing Connections: 50, 51, 126, 127, 152, 153, 176, 200, 201, 224, 226, 250, 251, Connections: 137, 251, 254, 262, Read materials of varying difficulty to find answers to specific questions. SE/TE: Reading Methods and Tools: , Reading Nonfiction Critically: , Reading Literary Writing: , Reading From Varied Sources: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 34-37,

5 8. Demonstrate comprehension through written and oral responses. SE/TE: Response to Literature: , Prewriting: , Drafting: , Revising: , Editing and Proofreading: 264, Publishing and Presenting: 265 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 12-A-D, 12-E, 12-F-G, Writing Support Activity Book: By the end of eighth grade, students will locate, access, and evaluate resources to identify appropriate information. 1. Use reference materials such as encyclopedia, thesaurus, periodicals, almanacs, and indexes. SE/TE: Using Other Reference Aids: 697, Using Sections in Textbooks: 715, Distinguishing Fact From Opinion: 722, Reference Skills: , Using Periodicals and Periodical Indexes: , Using Other Print and Electronic References: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 19-20, 34-37, Use electronic resources such as CD-ROM and online resources. SE/TE: Using Other Print and Electronic References: , Internet Research Handbook: Use software programs, such as word processing and multimedia presentation tools, to synthesize and present information. SE/TE: Media and Technology Skills: 11 29, 271, Technology Tip: 56, 85, 108, 134, 138, Revising: 108, Formatting To Create Effect: 684, Developing A Multimedia Presentation: 685 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 6-E-H, Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: Use other library resources, such as a card or electronic catalog, to locate and select books and other materials to meet personal interests and learning needs. SE/TE: Media and Technology Skills: 11, Build Your Portfolio: 265, Using the Library: , Using Periodicals and Periodical Indexes:

6 5. Identify and gather resources that provide relevant and reliable information for research projects. SE/TE: Using Other Reference Aids: 697, Using Sections in Textbooks: 715, Distinguishing Fact From Opinion: 722, Reference Skills: , Using Periodicals and Periodical Indexes: , Using Other Print and Electronic References: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 19-20, 34-37, By the end of the eighth grade, students will identify characteristics of different types of text. 1. Students will independently read literature written in English, including fiction, poetry, drama, and literary nonfiction prose. 2. Identify and analyze characteristics of four major types of literature: fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and drama. SE/TE: Reading Nonfiction Critically: , Reading Literary Writing: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 38-43, SE/TE: Reading Fiction: 727, Reading Drama: 728, Reading Poetry: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 38-43, Explain how an author uses literary form to accomplish a purpose. SE/TE: Reading Nonfiction Critically: , Reading Literary Writing: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 38-43, By the end of the eighth grade, students will identify the structure and elements of fiction and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 1. Locate and analyze elements of plot and characterization. SE/TE: Shaping Your Writing: 82, Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: 96, 272 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 5-E-F, Writing Support Activity Book: 5-2 6

7 2. Describe how qualities of central characters determine resolution of the conflict. SE/TE: Shaping Your Writing: 56, 82, Narration: 73, Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: 96, Revising Your Paragraphs: 261, Reading Fiction: 727 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 4-E-F, 5-E-F, Writing Support Activity Book: 4-2, 5-2, Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: Identify implied or directly stated themes in literature. SE/TE: Spotlight on the Humanities: 94, 194, Media and Technology Skills: 95, Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: 96, 272, Gathering Details: 257, Reading Fiction: 727 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 12-A-D, Writing Support Activity Book: , Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: Analyze and evaluate similar themes across a variety of selections, distinguishing theme from topic. SE/TE: Spotlight on the Humanities: 94, 194, Media and Technology Skills: 95, Standardized Test Preparation Workshop: 96, 272, Gathering Details: 257, Reading Fiction: 727 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 12-A-D, Writing Support Activity Book: , Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: By the end of the eighth grade, students will identify and apply knowledge of the structure, elements, and meaning of nonfiction or informational material and provide evidence from the text to support their understanding. 1. Identify common expository organizational structures and graphic features to comprehend information in all academic disciplines. SE/TE: Viewing and Representing: , Exposition: , Prewriting: , Drafting: , Revising: , Editing and Proofreading: 214, Publishing and Presenting: 215 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 10-A-C, Writing support Activity Book: 10-1, Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book:

8 2. Generate visual organizers to support comprehension of informational text. SE/TE: Viewing and Representing Skills: , Viewing Information Media Critically: , Creating Graphic Organizers for Comprehension: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: By the end of the eighth grade, students will identify similar ideas across a variety of narratives and stories. 1. Read and compare narratives and stories across geographic regions, cultures, and time periods. 2. Read stories and biographies of historical figures important in the United States and Nebraska. SE/TE: Spotlight on the Humanities: 10, 28, 44, 68, 94, 120, 146, 170, 194, 218, 244, 270, 288, Critical Viewing: 6, 92, 117, 168, 218, 244, 251, 543, 562, 645 SE/TE: Spotlight on the Humanities: 10, 28, 44, 68, 94, 120, 146, 170, 194, 218, 244, 270, By the end of the eighth grade, students will interpret the meaning of literary works, nonfiction, films, and media by using different analytic techniques. 1. Analyze how a short story, poem, film, or essay can be shown to reflect the author s personal history, attitudes, and beliefs. 2. Analyze how a work can be shown to reflect the period, ideas, customs, and outlooks of a people living in a particular time in history. SE/TE: Writers in Action: 51, 73, 99, 125, 151, 175, 199, 223, 249, 275, Spotlight on the Humanities: 10, 28, 44, 68, 94, 120, 146, 170, 194, 218, 244, 270, 288 SE/TE: Spotlight on the Humanities: 10, 28, 44, 68, 94, 120, 146, 170, 194, 218, 244, 270, 288 8

9 3. Evaluate information for relevance and accuracy. SE/TE: Exposition: , Prewriting: , Drafting: , Revising: , Editing and Proofreading: 214, Publishing and Presenting: 215 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 10-A-C, 10-D-E, 10-F-H, Writing Support Activity Book: 10-1, Analyze how readers prior knowledge and experience can influence each reader s perception of a particular text. SE/TE: Reading-Writing Connections: 50, 51, 126, 127, 152, 153, 176, 200, 201, 224, 226, 250, 251, Connections: 137, 251, 254, 262, Writing By the end of the eighth grade, students will identify, describe, and apply knowledge of the structure of the English language and standard English conventions for sentence structure, usage, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling. 1. Identify and use appropriate parts of speech, types of sentences, mechanics, usage, sentence structure and standard English spelling. SE/TE: Grammar In Your Writing: 61, 63, 87, 88, 113, 114, 137, 139, 163, 165, 187, 189, 211, 214, 237, 239, 263, 264, 283, Nouns and Pronouns: , Verbs: , Adjectives and Adverbs: , Basic Sentence Parts: , Effective Sentences: , Improving Your Spelling: , Punctuation: TR: hands-on Grammar Book, Grammar Exercise Workbook: 1-6, 7-12, 13-20, 21-36, 45-68, , , Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: TECH: Language Lab CD-ROM 9

10 2. Use correct capitalization, paragraph indentation, usage, sentence structure, and standard English spelling. SE/TE: Capitalization: , Basic Sentence Parts: , Effective Sentences: , Improving Your Spelling: , Grammar In Your Writing: 61, 63, 87, 88, 113, 114, 137, 139, 163, 165, 187, 189, 211, 214, 237, 239, 263, 264, 283 TR: Grammar Exercise Workbook: 45-68, , , Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 26-33, hands-on Grammar Activity Book TECH: Language Lab CD-ROM By the end of the eighth grade, students will write compositions with a clear focus, logically related ideas, and adequate supporting detail. 1. Write compositions with a clear focus and supporting ideas. SE/TE: Prewriting: 52-55, 78-81, , , , , , , , , Drafting: 56-57, 82-83, , , , , , , , , Revising: 58-62, 84-87, , , , , , , , , Editing and Proofreading: 63, 88, 114, 139, 165, 189, 214, 239, 264, 265, 284, Publishing and Presenting: 64, 89, 115, 140, 166, 190, 215, 240, 262, 284 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 4-A-D, 4-E-F, 4-G-I, 5-A-D, 5-E- F, 5-G-H, 6-A-C, 6-D, 6-E-H, 7-A-D, 7-E-F, 7-G-I, 8-A-D, 8-E, 8- F-G, 9-A-D, 9-E, 9-F-H, 10-A-D, 10-D-E, 10-F-H, 11-A-C, 11-D, 11-E-F, 12-A-D, 12-E, 12-F-G, 13-A-B, 13-B, Writing Support Activity Book: 4-1, 4-2, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 6-1, 7-1-2, 8-1, 9-1, 9-2, 10-1, 10-2, 11-1, , , Writers At Work Videotape 10

11 2. Explain strategies used to generate and organize their ideas. SE/TE: Prewriting: 52-55, 78-81, , , , , , , , TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 4-A-C, 5-A-D, 6-A-C, 7-A-D, 8- A-D, 9-A-d, 10-A-C, 11-A-C, 12-A-D, 13-A-B, Writing Support Activity Book: 4-1, 5-1, 6-1, 7-1-2, 8-1, 9-1, 10-1, By the end of the eighth grade, students will demonstrate improvement in organization, content, word choice, voice, sentence fluency, and standard English conventions after revising and editing their compositions. 1. Revise their writing to improve organization and word choice after checking the logic underlying the order of their ideas and the precision of their vocabulary. SE/TE: Revising Your Overall Structure: 58, 84, 108, , , 184, 208, 234, 260, 281, Revising Your Word Choice: 61, 87, 112, 138, 164, 188, 212, 237, 263, 282, Grammar In Your Writing: 61, 63, 87, 88, 113, 114, 137, 139, 163, 165, 187, 189, 211, 214, 237, 239, 263, 264, 283 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 4-G-I, 5-G-H, 6-E-H, 7-G-I, 8-F- G, 9-F-H, 10-F-H, 11-E-F, 12-F-G, 13-B, Writing Support Activity Book: 5-3,

12 2. Use knowledge of types of sentences, mechanics, usage, sentence structure, and standard English spelling to edit their writing. 3. Use group-generated criteria for evaluating different forms of writing and explain why these are important before applying them. SE/TE: Grammar In Your Writing: 61, 63, 87, 88, 113, 114, 137, 139, 163, 165, 187, 189, 211, 214, 237, 239, 263, 264, 283, Nouns and Pronouns: , Verbs: , Adjectives and Adverbs: , Basic Sentence Parts: , Effective Sentences: , Improving Your Spelling: , Punctuation: , Editing and Proofreading: 63, 88, 114, 139, 165, 189, 214, 239, 264, 283 TR: hands-on Grammar Book, Grammar Exercise Workbook: 1-6, 7-12, 13-20, 21-36, 45-68, , , Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: TECH: Language Lab CD-ROM SE/TE: Peer Review: 62, 87, 113, 138, 164, 188, 213, 238, 263, Work With Others: 7, Brainstorming: 178, Cooperative Writing Opportunities: Form and explain their own standards or judgments of quality. SE/TE: Peer Review: 62, 87, 113, 138, 164, 188, 213, 238, 263, Cooperative Writing Opportunity: 53, 79, 103, 129, 155, 179, 203, 229, Write legibly. SE/TE: Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript:

13 8.2.4 By the end of the eighth grade, students will use a variety of forms to write for different audiences and purposes. 1. Develop narrative, literary, expository, and technical writing for specific audiences. SE/TE: Narration: 48-49, 72-73, Exposition: , , , Prewriting: 52-55, 78-81, , , , Drafting: 56-57, 82-83, , , , Revising: 58-62, 84-87, , , , Editing and Proofreading: 63, 88, 165, 189, 214, Publishing and Presenting: 64, 89, 166, 190, 215 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 4-A-D, 4-E-F, 4-G-I, 5-A-D, 5-E- F, 5-G-H, 8-A-D, 8-E, 8-F-G, 9-A-D, 9-E, 9-F-H, 10-A-C, 10-D-E, 10-F-H, Writing Support Activity Book: 4-1, 4-2, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 8-1, 9-1, 9-2, 10-1, Write to describe, explain, persuade, and inform. SE/TE: Description: 98-99, Persuasion: , Exposition: , Prewriting: , , , Drafting: , , , Revising: , , , Editing and Proofreading: 114, 139, 214, Publishing and Presenting: 115, 140, 215 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 6-A- C, 6-D, 6-E-H, 7-A-D, 7-E- F, 7-G-I, 10-A-C, 10-D-E, 10-F-H, Writing Support Activity Book: 6-1, 7-1-2, 10-1,

14 8.2.5 By the end of the eighth grade, students will use self-generated questions, note taking, summarizing, and outlining to enhance learning. 1. Generate questions, take notes, and summarize information gleaned from reference works and experts. SE/TE: Gathering Details: 231, 257, Spotlight On The Humanities: 244, Student Work in Progress: 141, Providing Elaboration: 259, Using Formal Speaking Skills: , Using Reading Strategies: 717, Ask Questions: 727, Taking Notes: 739 TR: Writing Support Transparencies: 11-A-C, Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 44-50, 52-53, Writing Support Activity Book: Use and document references appropriately. SE/TE: Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript: , MLA Style for Listing Sources: 761, APA Style for Listing Sources: 762, CMS Style for Listing Sources: Speaking By the end of the eighth grade, students will pose questions and contribute their own information or ideas in class discussions in order to acquire new knowledge. 1. Use discussion skills to assume leadership and participant roles to complete assigned projects. SE/TE: Using Informal Speaking Skills: , Using Formal Speaking Skills: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book:

15 8.3.2 By the end of the eighth grade, students will make oral presentations that demonstrate appropriate consideration of audience, purpose, and information to be conveyed. 1. Present similar content for various audiences (peers, parents, younger students), showing appropriate changes in delivery (gestures, vocabulary, pace, visual aids). SE/TE: Using Informal Speaking Skills: , Using Formal Speaking Skills: , Viewing and Representing Skills: , Peer Review: 62, 87, 113, 138, 164, 188, 213, 238, 263, Consider Your Audience and Purpose: 55, 80, 104, 130, 157, 181, 204, 231, 255, Speaking and Listening Skills: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: 1-5, Apply understanding of agreed-upon rules and individual roles in a variety of discussion formats, such as lectures, discussions, conversations, team projects, presentations, and interviews. SE/TE: Speaking and Listening Skills: , Prewriting: 128, Peer Review: 188, Building Your Portfolio: Listening 1. Apply listening skills in a variety of settings. SE/TE: Listening Effectively: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: Adapt and apply listening strategies to the setting. SE/TE: Listening Effectively: TR: Academic and Workplace Skills Activity Book: