Neuroscience Applications in e- Navigation Usability Issues

Transcription

1 Digital Ship - Nov , Athens Neuroscience Applications in e- Navigation Usability Issues Prof. N. Nikitakos D.Papachristos (Ph.D. cand) Dept. of Shipping Trade and Transport, University of the Aegean

2 CONTENTS Introduction Neuroscience e-navigation Marine Usability Proposed Research Framework Conclusions

3 Introduction

4 Introduction (1) the study of usability user experience Accessibility Aesthetics emotion affect ergonomics

5 Neuroscience

6 Neuroscience (1) Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology the neuroscience is a interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine and allied disciplines, philosophy, physics, and psychology

7 Neuroscience (2) the nervous system is the most complex organ system in the body The human brain alone contains around a hundred billion neurons and a hundred trillion synapses The study the nervous system focus: how it is structured, how it works, how it develops, how it malfunctions, and how it can be changed

8 Neuroscience (3) Brain Synapse

9 Neuroscience (4) Today the use of the consolidated strategic research that is called cognitive neuroscience and includes the study of the behavior and the external situations related to it, as well as the expansion of the nervous system mechanisms that intervene in this relationship, leads to a better expansion of the user s physiological reactions

10 Neuroscience (5) Cognitive neuroscience topics: Attention Change blindness Consciousness Decision-making

11 Neuroscience (6) For example, there are too few studies of the interactive technologies at the ship s bridge (e.g. Grootjen et al, 2006; Goulda et al, 2009), which focus on the cognitive ergonomics aspects of use.

12 Neuroscience (7) More specifically, these studies tend to report on usage effects on health, safety and mental workload; however they offer little guidance on the evaluation methods and/or the design of the respective technology and equipment (devices) with respect to usability.

13 Neuroscience (8) The measurement methodology must fulfill all three requirements of the cognitive Neuroscience: experiential verification operational definition repetition

14 Neuroscience (9) Some neuroscience tools: Eye tracking fmri EEG Sentiment analysis in speech Face analysis

15 Neuroscience (10)

16 e-navigation

17 e-navigation (1) IMO has recognised the e-navigation offers: reliability Effectiveness The initial definition for e-navigation was formulated by IALA thus: he harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of marine information onboard and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment

18 e-navigation (2) IMO s goal is to develop an e-navigation strategy underpinned by user needs, so that technology can be applied appropriately E-navigation is a opportunity to drive technological innovation towards enhanced navigation safety Satellite for GPS

19 Marine Usability

20 Marine Usability (1) Usability has been defined by ISO 9241 as the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use.

21 Marine Usability (2) Effectiveness means accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals (ISO 9241) Efficiency means resources expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve goals (ISO 9241) Satisfaction means freedom from discomfort and positive attitudes towards the use of the product (ISO 9241)

22 Marine Usability (3) Usability test means a test aiming to evaluate usability of a product with real users. There are two types of usability test : summative usability test (rate, efficiency and satisfaction, and evaluate overall usability of the product) Formative usability test (to identity, analyze and improve potential usability problems)

23 Marine Usability (4) Cognitive ergonomics. For example, usability assessments in interactive technologies at the ship s bridge Usability testing Ship s bridge

24 Marine Usability (5) I. Planning Timing Selection of test participants II. Preparation Setting of tasks Preparation for tests III. Implementation Implementation and record IV. Analysis Evaluation and analysis Report of test results Process of summative usability test

25 Marine Usability (6) According to Osterman et al. (2010) several models and methods have been developed to estimate costs and benefits of ergonomics in other industries, but no studies were found from the shipping industry

26 Marine Usability (7) Example: Usability assessment ship s bridge equipment Various interactive technologies and systems to assist ship command designed with usability to allow ease of use and not pose additional burdens to marine officers

27 Marine Usability (8) Marine usability testing

28 Proposed Research Framework

29 Proposed Research Framework (1) multi-method approach usability assessment ship bridge interactive systems the physiological data (gaze tracking & speech recording) emotional user responses usability testing

30 Proposed Research Framework (2) Why? the necessity of a mixed approach to usability evaluation Need for a generic, but practical framework More objective measurements

31 Proposed Research Framework (3) SCOPE Ship s bridge euipment in modern ship: new technology for navigation (i.e. GPS, radar), computer tools supporting (i.e. electronic cartography-ecdis) Steering Control Consoles Helm unit and Lee Helm

32 Proposed Research Framework (4) The main elements of the proposed approach include: Registration and interpretation of user emotional states Gaze tracking and interpretation Speech recording and lexical analysis (sentiment processing) Usability testing procedures Usability questionnaires Wrap-up interviews

33 Evaluation Personalit y Expectations -interesting Personal background Psychologica l phenomenon Proposed Research Framework (5) Influenc e incentiv e user interaction Softwar e tool Scenari o DM emotion mood Satisfaction (by using) measur e During the interaction Before-After interaction (mood, meta experience emotion) Gaze tracking & head movements Targets: Correlation Influence Affect Situation (AS) Confirm psychological theories Correlation Speech (text) AS Correlation Gaze tracking & head movements - AS Correlation Emotion (happy, sad) - Satisfaction (educational using, usability) Speech (text) Pr, P m, p_b, Exp_In, Eval good happy Affective information bad sad influence mood Emotion yes No satisfactio n observation appraisal t

34 Conclusion

35 Conclusion (1) The approach is general in the sense Applied in various types of systems Plurastic Require further adaptations to accommodate evaluation of particular interactive systems

36 Conclusion (2) A further extension of this work shoot include usability testing methods at ships bridge an example recent work of this respect hand been proposed by Japan research team in Sub Committee on Safety of Navigation, IMO (IMO, 2012)

37 Thank you