Bell Ringer. What is a country? What is a nation?

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1 Bell Ringer What is a country? What is a nation?

2 Country In order for a country to be a country it must Have internationally recognized boundaries Have a government Have sovereignty (no other State can have power over it) Be recognized as a country by other countries Is England a country?

3 Nations Culturally homogenous groups of people who share Language Historical experiences Religions culture Can nations exist without states? Is the United States a nation?

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5 Who cares? This is important! Major cause of WWI will be nationalism

6 WWI M A I N C A U S E S

7 MAIN causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

8 A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one s country. Nationalism How is nationalism positive? How is it negative?

9 Origins of Nationalism Where have we seen nationalism before? Rome 100 Years War Napoleon

10 Causes Group formation Why is this necessary? The need for protection Where have we seen this? Industrial Revolution How?

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13 Quick Review: The Congress of Vienna

14 A quick summary of stuff we skipped More awesome facial hair! Otto von Bismarck Unifies Germany for the first time Germany will become major European power What else do you notice about the image?

15 Mazzini-Italian nationalist who called for unification Italian Unification Cavour Politician who helped gain independence to Italian speaking areas Garibaldi Fought outside forces to further gain independence

16 Nationalism and WWI Why was Nationalism a problem? Aggressive nationalism Rebellions among minorities Balkans

17 Bell Ringer What does the word imperialism mean? What are some countries that have been imperialistic For homework due Friday December 7th, Read all of Chapter 27 and answer questions and on pages

18 New Imperialism

19 Main Ideas In the late 1800 s industrial nations of the West engaged in imperialism and dominated much of the world. By the end of the 1800 s the imperialist powers of Europe claimed control over most of Africa and Asia

20 Imperialism Definition: the control of one people by another Can be political, economic, or cultural 1800 Europe controls 7% of world territory %

21 Differences Between Imperialism Old Imperialism New Imperialism Usually did not acquire territory What did they do instead? Exception? Primary goal? Trade Direct conquest of lands Where will this occur? Primary goal? Raw materials Consequences? Haves and Have nots

22 Causes National Competition Economics White Mans Burden Technological Superiority

23 racist patronizing that preached that the superior Westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to uncivilized peoples in other parts of the world White Man s Burden What are some issues with this definition? Origins? Effects? How will this impact imperialism

24 Scramble for Africa By 1914, all of Africa will be controlled by Europeans except for Liberia and Ethiopia Rules You must control the territory Slavery not allowed Major Players Belgium Britain Germany France Spain Effects?

25 Africa Pre-1880 Africa, pre-1880

26 Africa during the age of the New Imperialism

27 India The Jewel in the Crown

28 Britain in India British East India Company Trading posts (1600) Controls India after the fall of the Moghal Empire (1757)

29 India Over 300,000,000 people 80% of the British Empire s subjects Cash crops: cotton and opium

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32 Asian Imperialism Video Pay Special attention to the ways that virtually all of Asia was conquered

33 Militarism, Alliances, and the Spark H O M E W O R K D U E M O N D A Y. T E L L Y O U R F R I E N D S.

34 Main Ideas The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked WWI Modern weapons resulted in huge numbers of casualties and led to a stalemate

35 Definition: Glorification of the military Militarism Why was there a need to develop larger armies during this time period?

36 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of s Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

37 Definition: Agreements between countries to look out for each other s well being Can be political, economic, and military based Alliances What potential issues can you see from this figure?

38 Relationships between MAIN Causes Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliances Why is this an accurate representation? In what ways can this be challenged?

39 The Spark Assassination of Austria Hungary s Archduke Franz Ferdinand

40 Origins Where did problems in the Balkans originate from?

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42 Origins of Problems in the Balkans Pan-Slavism Attempt to unite all Slavic people. Big source of nationalism. Serbian Nationalism Many Serb s were under the rule of Austria-Hungary, and they wanted independence. Imperialism First by the Ottomans, then by Austria-Hungary

43 War Begins

44 Alliances at Beginnings of War Allied Powers Central Powers Russia Great Britain France Eventually the U.S. Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire

45 An Industrial War What do you think was different about this war than other wars that had been fought before?

46 New War Tactics Trench Warfare Why was this necessary? No Man s Land Consequences? Poison Gas Airplanes Submarines

47 Definition: Channeling of a nation s entire resources into a war effort The Draft Conscription Propaganda Food rationing Supply rationing Role of Women Total War

48 WWI Propaganda

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51 Women and the War Effort

52 Financing the War

53 For Recruitment

54 Munitions Workers

55 French Women Factory Workers

56 German Women Factory Workers

57 Working in the Fields

58 A Woman Ambulance Driver

59 Red Cross Nurses

60 Women in the Army Auxiliary

61 Russian Women Soldiers

62 Spies Mata Hari Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle German Spy!

63 Bell Ringer What are the causes of WWI TEST FRIDAY ON F.R. NAPOLEON INDUSTRIAL Revolution AND WWI HW: Due Friday Read Chapter 28 Notes on Sections 3 and 4 due Friday

64 End of the War

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66 Main Ideas The entrance of the U.S. into the war sparked the allies to victory The Treaty of Versailles brought an end to WWI

67 Sinking of the Lusitania

68 Zimmermann Note Instructions: Read the following document to answer these two questions: What does the Zimmermann note tell Mexico to do? Would you agree to the request if you were Mexico? Why or why not.

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70 U.S. Involvement End of isolationism To make the world safe for democracy Fourteen Points President Wilsons plan for peace in Europe

71 True World War Japan seized German colonies in China Britain and France attacked German colonies in Africa British and French armies fought in the Middle East Arabs fought against Ottomans

72 The Armenian Genocide Over a million Armenians systematically killed by the Ottoman Turks Continues to be a controversial issue

73 End of the War Germany Civilian government vs. military Austria-Hungary Ethnic minorities November 11, 1918

74 The Treaty of Versailles

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76 Stipulations of the Treaty 1. Germany military reduced 2. Rhineland permanently demilitarized Occupied for 15 years 3. Reparations 1. Payments by the losers for war damage 2. $30 billion 4. Germany forfeits all colonies Mandates 5. Article 231: The War Guilt Clause 1. Germany assumes full blame for the war 1. Problems? Is this okay?

77 Implications of the Treaty 1. Self Determination for some Colonies were redistributed New countries in Central Europe and in the Balkans 2. Germany humiliated Diktat The Stab in the Back 3. No foundation for lasting peace 1. League of Nations 4. New Map 1. European collection of countries whose goal was to prevent war in the future 1. Failed to work

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