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- Lisa O’Brien’
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12 Res Res
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14 Res Res
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18 N EE
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20 QS Q G Q B Q H Q E Res Res = Q S (Q G + Q B + Q H + Q E )
21 Res Q H Q E
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23 τ
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28 BayCEER research site Waldstein-Weidenbrunnen PAI PAI ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±
29 h c PAI LAI LAI h c
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33 u v w T s c q z h c z h c z h c z h c z h c z h c z h c z h c z h c z h c
34 h c,f orest = h c,clearinд = z z h c T s c q T s c q T s T s T s c q T s c q T s c q T s c q T s c q T s c q T s T s c q T s T s
35 z h c
36 z K K I I
37 K K I I z K K I I K K I I K K I I K K I I K K I I
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39 operating time without ozone GDP1 with ozone 13/06 15/06 17/06 19/06 21/06 23/06 25/06 27/06 29/06 01/07 date [CET] operating time GDP2 GDP3 without ozone with ozone 01/07 03/07 05/07 07/07 09/07 11/07 13/07 15/07 17/07 19/07 21/07 23/07 25/07 27/07 date [CET]
40 24 2. Materials and methods Figure 2.4. Front and lateral view on the HMMS. Specifications of the numbers are in Table 2.6. Table 2.6. Specification of numbers from Figure 2.4. No. Description Short-wave radiation sensors on a 0.4 m long boom Long-wave radiation sensors on a 0.4 m long boom Code 39 bar code Makrolon cover to protect the HMMS for rain and dirt Enviscope O3 analyser Fan for ventilation of the HMP 155 Inlet for HMP 155, double shielded Inlet for O3 analyser, made of PTFE Inlet for CO2 analyser, made of aluminium Pump for O3 analyser Pump for CO2 analyser Edinburgh Instruments Ltd. Gascard NG CO2 analyser National Instruments DAQ device 7 TFT monitor Micro PC LGB Analog thro le with potentiometer Fan for cooling the entire system On-board storage ba ery Lateral holder to protect the HMMS for downfalls Sick CLV bar code scanner moved from a replica Diesel hydraulic locomotive and mounted under an aluminium plate (300 mm 1000 mm) with a downward-facing U-profile to increase mechanical stability. is plate serves as the carrier platform of the (i) speed and position control system as well as data acquisition via a Ne op (see Section 2.3.2) and (ii) sensors (see Section 2.3.3). A removable transparent cover, made of Makrolon was constructed to protect HMMS electronics and sensors against dirt and moisture (i.e. drizzle and short showers, but not
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43 τ 63
44 < <
45 K K L L T RH CO 2 O 3 K < K < L < L < T ± RH ± CO 2 ± O 3 t d τ 90 τ 63
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47 τ X o (t) = X i (t) + τ dx i dt, τ t τ X i X o τ ( ) X(t) = X 1 e τ t X X(t) X i (t) = 0 t 0 X i (t) = at t > 0 a X(0) = 0 a t = X i (t) + τ dx i dt. X (t) = a t a τ ( ) 1 e τ t
48 X i t d X i τ 63 t d + X i X i K K L L T RH CO 2 < O 3 < τ 63 t d < X i
49 τ CO2 1s τ K,τ L 4s τ T 12s τ RH 20s 1.0 normalised difference [ ] τ CO 2 K, K L, L T RH time [s] K K L L T RH τ 63 τ 63 T RH t d
50 T <
51 run duration [min] GDP1 GDP2 GDP3 FD BD FD BD FD BD driving direction [ ] τ 63 <
52 τ X i
53 uncorrected values corrected values forest edge FORWARD DIRECTION BACKWARD DIRECTION T [ C] FOREST CLEARING CLEARING FOREST 96 RH [%] RH [%] position [m] position [m] T RH T RH
54 position [m] K [Wm 2 ] position [m] K [Wm 2 ] (a) K in Wm 2 (uncorrected) (b) K in Wm 2 (corrected) 0 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 time of day [CET] time of day [CET] position [m] L [Wm 2 ] position [m] L [Wm 2 ] (c) L in Wm 2 (uncorrected) (d) L in Wm 2 (corrected) :00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 time of day [CET] time of day [CET] K L K L K L K
55 L w = 0 z z z z z
56 w z w ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Forest Edge Sector West Forest Clearing Forest Edge Sector East
57 w (Wa) (Dc)
58 (Ds) (Cs) (C) u T S (Dc h ) (C h )
59 Res QS Q H Q E Q G Q B Q B = m w c w T (t) T (t t) t m w m w c w c w T
60 Res Res Q H Q E Bo = Q H Q E Bo > 0 Q EBC Bo H = Q H + Res Bo 1 + Bo QE EBC Bo 1 = Q E + Res 1 + Bo. Q H Q HB f HB = Q H Q HB = ( T c p λ Bo ) 1 c p λ
61 Bo > 0 Q EBC HB H = Q H + f HB Res Q EBC HB E = Q E + (1 f HB ) Res Res 0 = QS Q G Q B Q H s Q H l Q E s Q E l s l Q E k EBC Bo = QEBC Bo E QE k EBC HB = QEBC HB E QE N EE EBC Bo = k EBC Bo N EE N EE EBC HB = k EBC HB N EE.
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63
64 K K K K L L L
65 K HMMSclearing [Wm 2 ] y = 1.02 x R² = 0.95 n = 925 K HMMSclearing [Wm 2 ] y = 0.91 x R² = 0.92 n = (a) K in Wm 2 0 (b) K in Wm K M4 [Wm 2 ] K M4 [Wm 2 ] L HMMSclearing [Wm 2 ] y = 1.13 x R² = 0.93 n = 925 (c) L in Wm 2 L HMMSclearing [Wm 2 ] y = 1.32 x R² = 0.94 n = 925 (d) L in Wm L M4 [Wm 2 ] L M4 [Wm 2 ] R 2 n
66 temperature HMMSclearing [ C] y = 1.01 x R² = 0.96 n = 1047 (a) T in C abs. humdidity HMMSclearing [gm 3 ] y = 0.88 x R² = 0.89 n = 447 (b) a in [gm 3 ] temperature CM [ C] abs. humdidity CM [gm 3 ] R 2 n
67 CO2 HMMSclearing [ppm] y = 1.24 x R² = 0.48 n = 377 O3 HMMSclearing [ppb] y = 1.18 x R² = 0.86 n = (a) CO 2 in ppm 0 (b) O 3 in ppb CO 2 M4 [ppm] O 3 M4 [ppb] τ
68 τ
69 K K
70 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing K [Wm 2 ] (a) K in Wm K [Wm 2 ] (b) K in Wm L [Wm 2 ] (c) L in Wm :00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 time of day [CET] L [Wm 2 ] (d) L in Wm 2 K K L L
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72 30 25 (a) T in C forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing T [ C] RH [%] (b) RH in % (c) a in gm 3 12 a [gm 3 ] 10 8 CO 2 [ppm] (d) CO 2 in ppm (e) O 3 in ppb O 3 [ppb] :00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 time of day [CET] T RH a
73 + hv + + +
74 Da Da Q H Q E Q S Q G Q B
75
76 Q H Q E Q G Q B Res
77 energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] Res (a) M1 (32m) Q S Q H Q E Q G Q B energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] Q H M2 Q H M8 (b) M2/M8 (2.25m) :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] Res (c) M3 S (41m) Q S Q H Q E Q G Res Q S (d) M3 S (2.25m) Q H Q E Q G energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] Res (e) M4 (5.5m) Q S Q H Q E Q G Res (f) M4 (2.25m) Q S Q H Q E Q G energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET]
78 energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] Q S M3 N Q G :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] (a) M6 Q H 5.5 m Q E 5.5 m Q H 2.25 m (b) M7 Q H 5.5 m Q E 5.5 m Q H 2.25 m energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET]
79 0.02 M1 (32m) M3 (41m) M3 (2.25m) M4 (5.5m) M4 (2.25m) NEE [mmol m 2 s 1 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET]
80 u
81 C Cs Ds Dc Wa 1.0 (a) 1.0 (b) rel. frequency [ ] rel. frequency [ ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] time of day [CET]
82 C h C h /Dc h Dc h /C h Dc h 1.0 (a) 1.0 (b) rel. frequency [ ] rel. frequency [ ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] time of day [CET] F CS F tot u w w T s w c w q F CS F tot
83 u'w' w' T s ' w'c' w'q' 0.5 (a) 0.5 (b) F cs F tot 1 [ ] F cs F tot 1 [ ] M1 M2 M3 M4 M1 M2 M3 M4 F CS F tot u w w T s w c w q F CS F tot F ej F CS u w w T s w c w q
84 M1 M2 M3 M4 1.0 (a) 1.0 (b) F ej F cs 1 [u'w' ] F ej F cs 1 [w' T s' ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00: (c) time of day [CET] 1.0 (d) time of day [CET] F ej F cs 1 [w'c' ] F ej F cs 1 [w'q' ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] time of day [CET] F ej F CS u w w T s w c w q
85 F ej F CS
86 20 Vaccinium Deschampsia Calamagrostis Juncus Picea abies Deadwood Mean 15 NEE [µmolm 2 s 1 ] /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/2011 date [CET] QH modelled QH EBC HB QH EBC Bo Q E QE EBC Bo QE EBC HB Q H Q E
87 Q H [Wm 2 ] Q H [Wm 2 ] (a) (c) Q H modelled Q H modelled Q H EBC HB Q H EBC Bo 26/06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/2011 Q H EBC HB Q H EBC Bo Q E [Wm 2 ] Q E [Wm 2 ] (b) (d) Q E modelled Q E modelled Q E EBC HB Q E EBC Bo 26/06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/2011 Q E EBC HB Q E EBC Bo date [CET] data [CET] N EE EBC Bo N EE EBC HB Q E
88 NEE [µmolm 2 s 1 ] (a) NEE modelled NEE EBC HB NEE EBC Bo 26/06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/2011 NEE [µmolm 2 s 1 ] (b) NEE modelled NEE EBC HB NEE EBC Bo 26/06/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /06/2011 data [CET] date [CET]
89 36 (a) height [m] CO 2 [ppm] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00: time of day [CET] (b) 00:00 03:00 CET 03:00 06:00 CET (c) 06:00 09:00 CET 09:00 12:00 CET height [m] CO 2 [ppm] CO 2 [ppm] (d) 12:00 15:00 CET 15:00 18:00 CET (e) 18:00 21:00 CET 21:00 00:00 CET height [m] CO 2 [ppm] CO 2 [ppm]
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91 39 (a) T in C 30 height [m] temperature [ C] 5 height [m] (b) e in hpa 1 00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00: water vapour pressure [hpa] time of day [CET] e T e
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93 39 (a) 5 4 height [m] wind velocity [ms 1 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 0 time of day [CET] 39 (b) 00:00 03:00 CET 03:00 06:00 CET (c) 06:00 09:00 CET 09:00 12:00 CET height [m] wind velocity [ms 1 ] wind velocity [ms 1 ] 39 (d) 12:00 15:00 CET 15:00 18:00 CET (e) 18:00 21:00 CET 21:00 00:00 CET height [m] wind velocity [ms 1 ] wind velocity [ms 1 ]
94 31 8 height [m] wind velocity [ms 1 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 0 time of day [CET]
95 Res Res F ej F CS
96
97 3.4. Linkage of vertical structures and horizontal fields Figure Measured horizontal profiles for the 28 June 2011 for all HMMS measurements. Short-wave down/upwelling radiation K, K (a, b), Long-wave down/upwelling radiation L, L (c, d), temperature T (e), relative humidity RH ( ), CO2 concentration (g) and O3 concentration (h). Position shows distance from starting point in metres, with starting point in the forest (0 m), forest edge (75 m, horizontal green do ed line) and endpoint at the clearing (150 m). Remark: e colour scaling is different in all graphs. 81
98 position [m] O 3 [ppb] :00 16:00 17:00 18:00 time of day [CET] 40
99 QS Q E Res Res Res C h Dc h C h
100 Res (a) M1 (32m) Q S Q H Q E Q G Q B Res (b) M3 S (41m) Q S Q H Q E Q G energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] Res (c) M4 (5.5m) Q S Q H Q E Q G energy fluxes [Wm 2 ] :00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00 time of day [CET] Q H Q H
101 coupling regimes [ ] C Cs Ds Dc Wa (a) coupling regimes [ ] C h Dc h /C h C h /Dc h Dc h (b) 00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 time of day [CET] F CS F tot F ej F CS
102 1.00 (a) 0.75 F cs F tot 1 F ej F cs (b) u'w' w' T s ' w'c' w'q' u'w' w' T s ' w'c' w'q' 00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00 time of day [CET] F CS F tot F ej F CS u w w T s w c w q
103
104 WPR height [m] SODAR/RASS height [m] wind direction [ ] minisodar height [m] :00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10: SODAR/RASS minisodar height [m] height [m] :00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10: wind velocity [ms 1 ] SODAR/RASS minisodar height [m] height [m] :00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10: vertical wind velocity [ms 1 ] time of day [CET]
105 coupling regimes [ ] C Cs Ds Dc Wa (a) coupling regimes [ ] C h Dc h /C h C h /Dc h Dc h (b) coupling regimes [ ] C h Dc h /C h C h /Dc h Dc h (c) 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 time of day [CET]
106 90 3. Results and discussion Figure Measured horizontal profiles from 27 June 20:00 CET to 28 June :00 CET for temperature T (a), relative humidity RH (b), CO2 concentration (c) and O3 concentration (d), measured with the HMMS. Position shows distance from starting point in metres, with starting point in the forest (0 m), forest edge (75 m, horizontal green do ed line) and endpoint at the clearing (150 m). Remark: e colour scaling is different in all graphs. decreases and the humidity increases during this situation. e CO2 concentration measurements are at this time not available, because of a connection failure. But at 03:30 CET there is another observed concentration minimum near the forest edge. A er 04:00 CET the wind velocity increases to 4 6 m s 1 and the wind direction is again southerly along the total vertical profile. But because of the still weakened LLJ at this time, an accumulation of CO2 and a depletion of O3 can be observed. A er 05:00 CET, the wind velocity is again higher than 10 m s 1 and the system is well mixed. A er the end of the LLJ the typical high pressure weather situation with calm northerly winds is prevalent at the site Nocturnal drainage caused by a long decoupling situation In Sections 3.2 and 3.3 high variations during nigh ime were recognised. Especially in the CO2 and O3 concentration, which are an indication for an enrichment, or respectively depletion caused by different coupling regimes. In detail it was observed: i. High variations in the CO2 and O3 nigh ime concentrations of the HMMS measurements (Section 3.2.1).
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108 coupling regimes [ ] C Cs Ds Dc Wa (a) coupling regimes [ ] C h Dc h /C h C h /Dc h Dc h (b) coupling regimes [ ] C h Dc h /C h C h /Dc h Dc h (c) 15/07 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 16/07 00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 16/07 12:00 time of day [CET] u w
109 F cs F tot 1 F ej F cs (a) (b) u'w' w' T s ' w'c' w'q' u'w' w' T s ' w'c' w'q' 14/07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/2011 date [CET] F CS F tot F ej F CS u w w T s w c w q w T s w c w q F CS F tot F ej F CS
110
![wind direction [ ] N W S E N](/docs-images/24/3720563/images/111-0.png "(a) 8 6 4 2 0 wind velocity [ms")
111 wind direction [ ] N W S E N (a) wind velocity [ms 1 ]
112
113 WPR height [m] SODAR/RASS height [m] wind direction [ ] minisodar height [m] :00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06: SODAR/RASS minisodar height [m] height [m] :00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06: wind velocity [ms 1 ] SODAR/RASS minisodar height [m] height [m] :00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06: vertical wind velocity [ms 1 ] time of day [CET]
114 39 (a) u in ms height [m] wind velocity [ms 1 ] (b) T in C height [m] temperature [ C] height [m] height [m] (c) e in hpa (d) CO 2 in ppm :00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06: water vapour pressure [hpa] CO 2 [ppm] time of day [CET] u T e
115 O 3 [ppb] forest clearing 0 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 time of day [CET]
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147 w w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] w z w ±
148 z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] w z z z z z z w ±
149 z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] w z z z w ± z
150 z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] w z z w ±
151 z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] w z z w ±
152 z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] z w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) w [m s 1 ] (c) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] w z z w ±
153 w [m s 1 ] (a) w [m s 1 ] (b) wind direction [ ] wind direction [ ] w z w ±
154
155 V cmax25 eavc H a hdvc H d dsvc ejmax smax hjmax J max25 cm cb oi iqe r0 q10 Q 10 xldiam V cmax
156 vcmax25 eavc hdvc dsvc ejmax smax hjmax jmax25 cm cb oi iqe r0 q10 xldiam
157 u ζ ζ ζ ζ
158 30 25 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing T [ C] (a) T in C 80 RH [%] (b) RH in % 12 a [gm 3 ] (c) a in gm 3 CO 2 [ppm] (d) CO 2 in ppm (e) O 3 in ppb O 3 [ppb] North East South West wind direction [ ] T RH a
159 30 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing 25 T [ C] (a) T in C (unstable) 25 T [ C] (b) T in C (neutral) 25 T [ C] (c) T in C (stable) North East South West wind direction [ ] T
160 100 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing 80 RH [%] (a) RH in % (unstable) RH [%] (b) RH in % (neutral) RH [%] (c) RH in % (stable) North East South West wind direction [ ] RH
161 14 12 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing a [gm 3 ] (c) a in gm 3 (unstable) 14 a [gm 3 ] (c) a in gm 3 (neutral) 14 a [gm 3 ] (c) a in gm 3 (stable) North East South West wind direction [ ] a
162 500 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing CO 2 [ppm] (a) CO 2 in ppm (unstable) CO 2 [ppm] CO 2 [ppm] (b) CO 2 in ppm (neutral) 350 (c) CO 2 in ppm (stable) North East South West wind direction [ ]
163 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing 100 (a) O 3 in ppb (unstable) O 3 [ppb] (b) O 3 in ppb (stable) O 3 [ppb] (c) O 3 in ppb (stable) O 3 [ppb] North East South West wind direction [ ]
164 30 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing 25 T [ C] (a) T in C (u < 0.4 ms 1 ) T [ C] (b) T in C (u > 0.4 ms 1 ) North East South West wind direction [ ] T u u u
165 100 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing 80 RH [%] (a) RH in % (u < 0.4 ms 1 ) RH [%] (b) RH in % (u > 0.4 ms 1 ) North East South West wind direction [ ] RH u u u
166 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing a [gm 3 ] (a) a in gm 3 (u < 0.4 ms 1 ) North East South West wind direction [ ] a [gm 3 ] (b) a in gm 3 (u > 0.4 ms 1 ) a u u u
167 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing 500 CO 2 [ppm] CO 2 [ppm] (a) CO 2 (u < 0.4 ms 1 ) 350 (b) CO 2 (u > 0.4 ms 1 ) North East South West wind direction [ ] u u u
168 forest forest (near FE) forest edge clearing (near FE) clearing O 3 [ppb] (a) O 3 (u < 0.4 ms 1 ) North East South West wind direction [ ] O 3 [ppb] (b) O 3 (u > 0.4 ms 1 ) u u u
169 rel. portion p f forest [ ] rel. portion p f clearing [ ] [ ] rel. portion p c clearing [ ] rel. portion p c forest % 18% 19% 20% p f p c p f p c p f orest p clearinд f f pc f orest pc clearinд p f orest f p clearinд f + p f orest c = 1 + p clearinд c = 1.
170 p f orest f = 0.8 p f orest c = 0.2 p clearinд f = 0.2 p clearinд c = 0.8.
171
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175 τ 63 T RH
176 F CS F tot F ej F CS e F CS F tot
177 F CS F tot w w w w w w w
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182 a a Bo
183 c cb cm c p Da D e dsvc e eavc H a ejmax F f HB F CS F ej F sw F tot h c hdvc H d hjmax I I iqe J max25 K K k EBC Bo k EBC HB L LAI N EE
184 oi PAI p clearinд c p f orest c p clearinд f p f orest f q q10 Q 10 Q B Q E QE EBC Bo Q EBC HB E Q G Q H QH EBC Bo Q EBC HB H Q HB Q S r0 Res RH smax t t d T T 0 T s T s u
185 u u v V cmax25 w w X xldiam z H a H d X ζ λ τ
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Ecosystem-land-surface-BL-cloud coupling as climate changes
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SINTEF Building and Infrastructure. Contents
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