Biogas plant for agricultural waste processing with producing power, heat and bio-fertilizer

Transcription

1 BIO-WASTE PROCESSING INTO BIO-HUMUS AND BIOGAS RUSSIA SAINT-PETERSBURG Biogas plant for agricultural waste processing with producing power, heat and bio-fertilizer

2 PROBLEM According to calculations made on the value of the popular equivalent, without-litter manure/dung is 10 times more dangerous on the level of chemical pollution than municipal waste. Without-litter manure/dung is classified as unstable organic contaminator and, according to the World Health Organization, is a factor in the transfer of more than 100 different kinds of animals and humans diseases. Poultry of medium efficiency (40 thousand laying hens or 40 million chickens) annually from 40 up to 83 thousands tones of manure More than 400 thousands m 3 of sewage with high concentration of organic components Pig-farm of medium efficiency (4 500 animals) annually 175 thousands tones of manure sewage The search of effective ways of recycling in the food and agricultural industry is a very urgent 2

3 PURPOSE Waste recycling Biogas receiving Bio-humus receiving Chicken manure Liquid dang of livestock Liquid pig dang Grass Sewage sediments Waste fats Biogas is the gas consisting mainly from: % methane (CH 4 ) % carbon dioxide 1,5-2 % other gases (ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide) The results of biogas processing are: 1. Heat (hot water, heating of residential and industrial objects) 2. Electric power (1kub.m gas = 2 kw) 3. Automobile fuel Receiving of bio-humus in a short time weeks. Natural bio-humus contains biologicaly active substances (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), macro- and microelements. Advantages of bio-humus : - - Maximum preservation and accumulation of nitrogen - The absence of pathogenic - The high level of organic matter humification - Resistance to leaching of soil nutrients. No need in additional introduction of biofertilizers for 5 years 3

4 ADVANTAGES Flexibility: suitable for large enterprises and for small farms. The plant can be designed with the capacity: 5, 10, 25, 50, tones daily Efficiency - low cost due to unique design solutions, lowing energy and resource demanding Unification - using demountable elements Easy-montage - short time to frame Multi-resourced - using of any cattle or birds manure as well as waste oil and grass Environmental friendly - bio-humus 3 times increases crop capacity without nitrates Automation - all processes are controlled automatically 4

5 TECHNOLOGY Biogas is produced under the anaerobic conditions in a multistep process of fermentation or expansion. For the industrial production of biogas the complex technologies was developed including the following components: biomass accumulator tank, hydrolysis reactor, methane tank (fermenter) in which the digestion takes place, gas tank with gas cleaning system, cogeneration unit. Receiving tank Hydrolysis reactor Bio waste Autoimmunization unit Heating system Cogeneration unit Gas holder Fermenter 5 Warmth Hot water Electricity Bio-humus

6 RECEIVING TANK The bio-waste goes to the receiving tank, where the homogenization takes place. The substance is carefully mixed and stabilized by acidity and temperature mode. The receiving tank stays open only for solid fraction loading The pumps and other receiving equipment provides both homogenization of the mass and tits transferring to the hydrolyze tank. The capacity of the tank is enough for 2-3 days. With standard solution the tank is dug for the convenience of filing with the solid fraction of the substrate. View of the receiving tank 6

7 REACTORS From the homogenization tank the bio mass goes into the hydrolyze reactors and then to the fermenter (meta-tank). In these reactors the substrate fermentation takes place when heated to temperatures of mesophilic regime. Temperature and the level of the substrate in the reactor are maintained automatically. Tanks construction Reactors (hydrolyser, meta-tank) are placed at the prefabricated basement providing easy leading of engineering facilities and all construction is easy assembled. The walls and the roof of the tank are made from prefabricated sheet constructions which should be connected hermetically. The inner side if metal is fettled by special acid-proof composition. The reactors are fully hermetic and gastight, doesn t need installation gasholders at the top of the reactor. Concrete is not used as the constructive material. Ready-assembled tank 7

8 ENGINEERING FACILITIES Heating the reactor is made from dual-fuel boiler by antifreeze through the floor heating and wall receptacles. Fuel for the boiler at the launch stage is chosen according to specific conditions (solid, liquid fuel, gas). Thermal insulation of walls is made by ready mats. Maintaining of the desired temperature is carried out automatically with a programmable controller based on indicators of temperature sensors installed inside the reactors. Method of substrate mixing and its supply from hydrolysis to meta-tank is hydraulic. Mixing modes and the yield of biomass are programmed and is executed automatically. Heating, ventilation, hot and cold water are made by the scheme outlined in the draft, based on the specific terms. Mixing of the substrate is carried out by pumps, located outside the reactors. Operating the valves and pumps is produced automatically by the controller. Tanks heating system 8

9 GAS EQUIPMENT Biogas has a stage of cooling, impurities removal, and is compressed to the pressure of 0,8-1 Bar, which is maintained automatically in the medium-pressure gasholder. Biogas goes into the boiler room through the pipeline, where at the gas distribution point the pressure is lowered to the desired value. The biogas emitted in the fermenter is collected in gasholder, the it is cooled and passes several filters for cleaning from the admixtures of hydrogen sulfide and reducing of carbon-dioxide gas percentage. Further biogas is pressed for the pressure needed for stable work. The pipeline brings biogas into the boiler room, where at the gas distribution point it is lowered to the pressure required to operate the reactor and the co-generator. This ensures stable operation of devices, regardless the uneven emission of gas in a reactor. Gas cooling and filtering system for biogas 9

10 КОГЕНЕРАЦИОННАЯ УСТАНОВКА The biogas produced in the reactor goes to the gas-piston installation producing electricity. Electricity Exit gas Utilizing tank Steam/hot water Cooling system Hot water Gener ator Motor Gas Clean water Radiator water Scheme of co-generating unit Heat is a byproduct of electricity production. 10 View of the co-generating unit

11 THE OUTER CUPOLA A distinctive feature of the biogas plant is the presence of an additional heating cupola, provides a positive temperature circuit inside the unit, which allows laying all communications at no extra cost, and also gives a beautiful appearance to the plant. Also supplies the conditions for chicken farms waste recycling without adding any organic or non-organic extras. As the result the received bio-humus is ecologically clean and can be used in the agriculture. All manufacturing and technical facilities are placed under the cupola. The whole biogas plant (excluding the gasholder of the middle pressure) is placed under the light cupola provides positive temperature in the cold season. Thus solution cheapens civil works and allows refusing the container version of gas-reciprocating machine which reduces the cost of laying of facilities. All elements are easy-demountable. 11

12 12 PROJECT OF BIOGAS PLANT WITH THE CAPACITY OF 25 TONES OF MANURE DAILY

13 13 PROJECT OF BIOGAS PLANT WITH THE CAPACITY OF 50 TONES OF MANURE DAILY

14 14 PROJECT OF BIOGAS PLANT WITH THE CAPACITY OF 80 TONES OF MANURE DAILY

15 ECONOMY INDICATORS BIO WASTE БИОГАЗ BIOGAS ELECTRICITY BIO-HUMUS Chicken manure, 1 t 90 m kw 0,85 t Liquid dang of livestock, 1t 60 m kw 0,70 t Liquid pig dung, 1t 60 m kw 0,70 t Grass, 1 t 650 m kw - Waste fats, 1 t 1250 m квт - 15

16 BIOGAS PLANTS ARE INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE RECYCLING 16 RUSSIA, Saint-Petersburg, Ligovsky pr., 254 Tel. 7 (812) , info@polyinform.com