Solar Thermal & Solar Cooling in Germany
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- Garey Gray
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1 Renewables Made in Germany Solar Thermal & Solar Cooling in Germany Status - Technologies - Perspectives Seite 1
2 Energy-Resources word-wide Solar Radiation (total/a) Energy Consumption (world-wide total/a) Fossile Energy Resources (world-wide) Reference year 2000 Seite 2
3 in Germany Annually installed Solar Thermal Power (0,7 kwth / m²) Megawatt (thermisch) * 2008* flat plate collectors vacuum tube coll. trend 18% growth annually * prognosis Seite 3
4 in Germany Industrial Production of Selective Coatings Alanod-Mirotherm (aluminum) Alanod-Sunselect (copper) TiNOX (copper) BlueTec (copper) Seite 4
5 in Germany Industrial Production Rise of own German production - Automation and cost reduction Considerable further development of system and process technology Seite 5
6 in Germany Solar Architectural Design Sun Shields Seite 6
7 in Germany Solar Architectural Design Air-Collector-Facade Seite 7
8 in Germany Solar District Heating with Seasonal Storage Seite 8
9 Solar Collectors - all types - installed in Europe in 2006 ( Estimated Total : ~ m 2 ) Germany 54% Greece 9% France 8% Portugal < 1% Belgium < 1% Austria 11% Italy 3% Netherlands < 1% Denmark < 1% Spain 6% Sweden 1% Switzerland 2% UK & IR 2% Others < 2 % Seite 9
10 Solar Collectors - all types - installed world wide in 2005 ( Estimated Total : ~ m 2 ) CHINA Rest of the world ISRAEL INDIA AUS/NZ S-KOREA JAPAN USA/CANADA EUROPE S/M-AMERICA SE-ASIA TAIWAN TURKEY N-AFRICA S-AFRICA Seite 10
11 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - From Solar Radiation to Air Conditioning Solar Radiation Solar collector Heat thermal driven chiller open desiccantcooling cold water conditioned air (cold, dehumidified) Cooled ceiling or Fan coils Building Central Air-Condition system Seite 11
12 Solar Radiation and required Cooling Load - Coincidence Zenith Solar Solar radiation radiation Cooling load Cooling load Outside Outside temperature 13 temperature day time [h] Seite 12
13 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) Total Market & Potential The World market for Air Conditioning Systems* in 2003 (estimation) Lateinam erika 3% Europa 12% Afrika 2% Japan 26% ~ 50 billion US $.!! (Europe: ~ 5 Mrd. ) Nordam erika 26% China 13% Mittl. Osten +Indien 5% sonst. Fernost 13% *all systems Seite 13
14 Air Conditioning Market Share of various Systems RAC: room air conditioning VRF: variable refrigerent flow Split & Pack: mobile units Chillers: cold water units Seite 14
15 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Heat-driven Chillers Singel effect absorption many products driven with hot water (or steam) in the power range > 100 kw; few products in the range < 100 kw only Japan: Yazaki WFC 10,15,20 USA: York Double effect absorption Adsorption mostly direct fired systems; no products smaller 100 kw Some commercial systems are available (driven with hot water) Japan: Mycom/Miakawa Germany: Conergy, Citrin, EAW USA: York Seite 15
16 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Open Systems Systems with sorption wheels Sorption wheels are available in a wide range from many producers different system configurations for different climates are possible Some commercial systems are available (with silicagel) Germany: ILK, Sortech Systems with liquid sorption materials Some systems are in the test phase, pilot plants are running in Germany, S pore, Austria Some commercial systems are available (e.g. with LiCl/Br) Germany: L-DCS Technology, Phönix, Schüco Seite 16
17 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Absorption System (LiBr) Solar collector field (ETC) V 95 C Absorbtion cooling system 35 C Cooling tower 75 C re-generator condensor 22 C Cold water storage tank 28 C 16 C evaporator absorber 16 C Chilling panels (ceiling) 22 C Seite 17
18 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Absorption System 328 collectors 345 m²absorber area output 274 kw peak domestic hot water 3 storage tanks capacity 3,600 ltr Hotel Belroy Palace 3 tanks capacity 36,000 ltr space heating fan coils air conditioner Auxilliary heating output 259 kw cooling absorbtion generator output125 kw 110 apartementes 3 bars 2 restaurants Seite 18
19 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Absorption System (with ETC s) Seite 19
20 Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Handbook for Planners Editors notes 1 Introduction PART I - Components 2 The load subsystem - Air conditioning equipment 3 The cold production subsystem 4 The heat production subsystem Part II Systems 5 Solar driven systems - examples, control and operation 6 Design approaches 7 Performance figures 8 Design examples 9 Summary References, Appendices Springer-Verlag, ISBN Seite 20
21 Innovationsfeld Energie Energy-Mix Today and Tomorrow Solar-Century Seite 21
22 Global Warming More evident Seite 22
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