Organic Chemistry review

Transcription

1 Organic hemistry review Name: ate: 1 Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 6 Organic compounds differ from inorganic compounds in that organic compounds generally have O O == O high melting points and are electrolytes high melting points and are nonelectrolytes low melting points and are electrolytes low melting points and are nonelectrolytes 7 The members of the alkene series of hydrocarbons are similar in that each member has the same The hydrocarbon 7 8 belongs to the same homologous series of hydrocarbons as propane pentene butene benzene 3 Petroleum, a starting material for many chemical products, is a complex natural mixture of aldehydes ethers hydrocarbons ketones 4 Which formula represents a hydrocarbon with a double covalent bond? 3 l 3 l 4 5 The total number of covalent bonds in a molecule of methane is empirical formula general formula structural formula molecular formula 8 What is the number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule of ethyne? Organic compounds that are essentially non-polar and exhibit weak intermolecular forces have low melting points low vapor pressure high conductivity in solution high boiling points 10 Which compound is a member of the alkene series of hydrocarbons? benzene propene toluene butadiene 11 Which compound contains a triple bond? page 1

2 1 Which formula represents a saturated hydrocarbon? 17 Which is the general formula for an aldehyde? Which compound is a saturated hydrocarbon? ethene ethane ethylene ethyne 14 s the length of the chain of carbon atoms in molecules of the alkene series increases, the number of double bonds per molecule O R O R O R O O R 1 R 18 What is the total number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule of butene? decreases increases remains the same 15 Which compound belongs to the hydrocarbon series with the general formula n n? == 5 == 16 Which hydrocarbon is the most abundant component of natural gas? 19 The general formula for aldehyde is O R O R 1 R O R O R 1 O R 0 Which is the structural formula for propanone (acetone)? O ==O O O O O butane propane ethane methane page Organic hemistry review

3 1 Which is the correct IUP name for the hydrocarbon with the structural formula shown? 1-methyl--ethylethane 1-propylethane n-propane n-pentane Which functional group is found in all organic acids? ==O O O O 3 Which general formula represents a ketone? O R 1 R O R 1 O R R O O R O 4 ll organic compounds must contain the element hydrogen nitrogen carbon oxygen 5 Sample Sample Sample ehavior Tested I II III igh Melting Point X X Sample IV Low Melting Point X X Soluble in Water X X Insoluble in Water X X ecomposed Under igh eat Stable Under igh eat X X X Electrolyte X X Nonelectrolyte X X X student investigated samples of four different substances in the solid state The table is a record on the behaviors observed (marked with an X) when each solid was tested ased on the tabulated results, which of the solids investigated has the characteristics most closely associated with those of an organic compound? Sample I Sample II Sample III Sample IV page 3 Organic hemistry review

4 6 Which hydrocarbon contains a triple bond? butane benzene ethene ethyne O The molecule shown is a member of a class of organic compounds called ethers ketones alcohols aldehydes 8 Which compound is a member of the hydrocarbon series with the general formula n n 6? lkanes differ from alkenes in that alkanes are hydrocarbons have the general formula n n are saturated compounds undergo addition reactions 30 R O In the molecule represented by the formula shown, R could be O O O ow many different functional groups are there in a molecule with the structural formula shown? O 3 Which type of compound is represented by the structural formula shown? an ester an ether an aldehyde an acid 34 Which is the general formula for organic acids? O R R 1 ==O R O R O R 1 O R 35 common gaseous fuel that is often found with petroleum is carbon monoxide carbon dioxide methane ethene 31 Which formula represents an organic acid? 3 OO 3 O 3 O 3 3 O page 4 Organic hemistry review

5 36 O Which type of compound is represented by the structural formula shown? a ketone an aldehyde an ester an ether 37 If a hydrocarbon molecule contains a triple bond, its IUP name ends with ane ene one yne 38 What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that an atom of carbon can form? Which hydrocarbon formula is also an empirical formula? haracteristic Tested Substance igh Melting Point X X Low Melting Point X X Soluble in Water X X Insoluble in Water X X ecomposed under igh eat Stable under igh eat X X X Electrolyte X X Nonelectrolyte X X X student investigated four different substances in the solid phase The table shown is a record of the characteristics (marked with an X) exhibited by each substance Which substance has characteristics most like those of an organic compound? 41 Given the structural formula for ethyne: What is the total number of electrons shared between the carbon atoms? What is the name of the compound with the following formula? O propanone propanol propanal propanoic acid page 5 Organic hemistry review

6 43 What is the general formula for an ether? R 1 O R R O O R O R O 44 Which structural formula represents a saturated hydrocarbon? 48 ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below Ethene (common name ethylene) is a commercially important organic compound Millions of tons of ethene are produced by the chemical industry each year Ethene is used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers for carpeting and clothing, and it is widely used in making polyethylene Low-density polyethylene can be stretched into a clear, thin film that is used for wrapping food products and consumer goods igh-density polyethylene is molded into bottles for milk and other liquids Ethene can also be oxidized to produce ethylene glycol, which is used in antifreeze for automobiles The structural formula for ethylene glycol is: 45 Which structural formula represents a saturated hydrocarbon? t standard atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of ethylene glycol is 198, compared to ethene that boils at 104 Explain, in terms of bonding, why ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon 49 Which formula represents a hydrocarbon? 3 O 46 Given the equation: described as 6 + l 5 l + l OO 3 OO 3 addition involving a saturated hydrocarbon addition involving an unsaturated hydrocarbon substitution involving a saturated hydrocarbon substitution involving an unsaturated hydrocarbon 47 Which element must be present in an organic compound? hydrogen oxygen carbon nitrogen page 6 Organic hemistry review

7 50 ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below The hydrocarbon -methylpropane reacts with iodine as represented by the balanced equation below t standard pressure, the boiling point of -methylpropane is lower than the boiling point of -iodo--methylpropane Explain, in terms of bonding, why the hydrocarbon -methylpropane is saturated 51 ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below Gasoline is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as isooctane, which is also known as,,4-trimethylpentane Gasoline is assigned a number called an octane rating Gasoline with an octane rating of 87 performs the same as a mixture that consists of 87% isooctane and 13% heptane n alternative fuel, E-85, can be used in some automobiles This fuel is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline In the space provided, draw a structural formula for a molecule of,,4-trimethylpentane 53 O O Which is an isomer of the compound shown? O O O O O O O 5 ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below In one industrial organic reaction, 3 6 reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst This reaction is represented by the balanced equation below Write the IUP name for the organic reactant page 7 Organic hemistry review

8 54 O Which compound is an isomer of the one shown? O O O O O 55 Which of the following compounds has the greatest possible number of isomers? butane ethane pentane propane 57 Which structural formula represents an isomer of dimethyl ether? O O O O O 58 s the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule increases, the number of possible isomers generally decreases increases remains the same 59 O O Which is an accurate description of the two compounds shown? 56 Which is the structural formula for an unsaturated compound? They are isotopes of butanol They are isomers of butanol l O == l l O They are alkanes They are alkenes page 8 Organic hemistry review

9 60 ==O Which structural formula represents an isomer? 63 O Which is an isomer of the compound shown? O O O O O O O O O 61 The isomers 3 O 3 and 3 O differ in 64 Which compounds are isomers? molecular formula molecular structure number of atoms formula mass 6 Which compounds are isomers? 3 O and 3 O 4 and l 4 3 O and 3 O 3 3 O and 3 OO 3 r and r 3 O and 3 O 3 O and 3 O 3 O 3 and 3 O page 9 Organic hemistry review

10 65 Which formula is an isomer of butane? 67 The reaction 4 + r 3 r + r is an example of addition hydrogenation substitution polymerization 68 Which molecule is represented by X in this reaction? + r X r r r r r r r r r 69 The reaction n 4 ( 4 ) n is an example of substitution polymerization saponification esterification 70 In the reaction shown, what is the formula of the product represented by the X? 66 Which is the product of the reaction between ethene and chlorine? l l l l l l == + r X r r r == r r page 10 Organic hemistry review

11 71 The process of joining many monomers is called saponification fermentation polymerization substitution 7 Which are the products of a fermentation reaction? an ester and water a salt and water an alcohol and carbon dioxide a soap and glycerol 73 In the equation 3 O + oxidizing agent X + O, the product represented by X is an alcohol an aldehyde an ether a ketone 74 One of the products of condensation polymerization is water an acid a monomer a ketone 77 The equation 3 O + 3 O 3 O 3 + O illustrates the oxidation of alcohols to form a ketone oxidation of alcohols to form an acid dehydration of alcohols to form a polymer dehydration of alcohols to form an ether 78 Which type of reaction is used in the production of nylon? substitution saponification esterification polymerization 79 The products of condensation polymerization are polymer and carbon dioxide water ethanol glycerol 80 Given the equation: 6 1 O 6 5 O + O The chemical process illustrated by this equation is 75 Which hydrocarbon will undergo a substitution reaction with chlorine fermentation saponification esterification polymerization methane ethyne propene butene 76 Esterification is the reaction of an acid with water an alcohol a base a salt page 11 Organic hemistry review

12 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by Simone Shaker Terms of Use at wwwproblem-atticcom Organic hemistry review

13 Teacher s Key Page as a carbon-carbon double bond methylpropane molecule has only single carbon-carbon bonds There are only single bonds in methylpropane no multiple bonds between carbon atoms or propene 74

14 Teacher s Key Page