Name Date Class. Directions: Use the following terms to correctly complete the sentences below. alveoli arteries chambers hemoglobin lungs veins

Transcription

1 Chapter Content Mastery The Pulmonary-Circulatory System Directions: Use the following terms to correctly complete the sentences below. alveoli arteries chambers hemoglobin lungs veins 1. The heart has four cavities called. 2. move blood away from the heart, while move blood toward the heart. 3. are the organs of the pulmonary system where gas exchange occurs. 4. is an iron-containing protein that carries oxygen. 5. Microscopic sacs in the lung called fill with air as we breathe. Directions: Three components of whole blood are shown below. Write the function of each part on the lines below the illustration. Use the following terms. fight infections help clot blood transport oxygen LESSON 1 6. A. B. C. A. white blood cells B. red blood cells C. platelets The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure 11

2 Chapter Content Mastery Pressure and the Body LESSON 2 Directions: For each of the following, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. Your heart functions as a in your circulatory system. A. lever B. pump C. battery D. conveyor belt 2. is the amount of force per unit area. A. Mass B. Gravity C. Volume D. Pressure 3. When you inhale, you A. pull air into your lungs. B. push air into your lungs. C. force air out of your lungs. D. decrease the volume in your lungs. 4. in your heart act like doors that open in one direction. A. Atria B. Veins C. Valves D. Chambers Directions: Number the steps below in the order in which they occur. 5. How the Heart Works The right ventricle pumps blood out of the heart to the lungs. The left ventricle pumps blood out of the heart to all the body tissues. The right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs. Blood leaves the lungs and returns to the left atrium. 12 The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure

3 Reinforcement The Pulmonary-Circulatory System LESSON 1 Directions: Fill in the missing words in the following statements. 1. The contains organs and tissues that bring air into and out of our bodies. 2. Air passes into, which are branch-like structures in the lungs. 3. Gas exchange occurs with blood in areas of the lungs called. 4. When thick fluid builds up in the lungs from an infection, a person can develop. 5. In, airways become swollen, making it difficult to breathe. 6. Blood carries to all body cells and removes. Directions: Label the parts of the heart on the diagram below. Include the following terms: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, aorta To lungs From lungs To smaller arteries and capillaries Directions: Name the problem that can occur in the following situations. 14. Blood vessels to the brain are blocked or broken. 15. Not enough blood is supplied to the heart. The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure 15

4 Reinforcement Pressure and the Body LESSON 2 Directions: Determine whether each statement is a description of inhalation or exhalation, and write inhale or exhale on the line provided. 1. Air is pulled into the lungs. 2. The chest contracts. 3. The gases inside the lungs are pushed out through air passages. 4. Air pressure in the alveoli decreases. 5. The volume of the lungs expands. Directions: Fill in the missing words in the following statements to describe the flow of blood through the heart. 6. The right atrium contracts and pumps blood into the. 7. Blood is oxygenated in the. 8. After leaving the lungs, blood returns to the of the heart. 9. The pumps blood out of the heart to all tissues of the body. 10. Deoxygenated blood returns to the of the heart. Directions: Answer each question using complete sentences. 11. What happens to the body during shock, and why is it dangerous? 12. Why is it important for you to not eat a diet high in saturated fat and salt? 16 The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure

5 Content Vocabulary The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure Directions: Select the word that correctly matches each definition and write the letter on the line provided. 1. microscopic blood vessel that connects arteries and veins 2. vessel that carries blood away from the heart 3. chemical that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood A. artery B. circulatory system C. breathing D. capillary 4. upper chamber of the heart 5. transports blood throughout the body 6. a microscopic sac that fills with air as we breathe 7. the process of air entering and exiting the lungs 8. lower chamber of the heart 9. primary organs of gas exchange E. bronchiole F. hemoglobin G. pulmonary system H. ventricle I. lungs J. atrium K. alveolus 10. organs and tissues used for bringing air into and out of the body 11. a branched structure in the lungs that resembles tree branches 12. vessel that carries blood to the heart L. vein The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure 19

6 Content Vocabulary CONTINUED Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper term. asthma cardiovascular diseases heart heart attack hypertension pneumonia pressure shock stroke suffocation veins 13. is a lung disease that results in swelling of the airways. 14. When you lose a large amount of blood in a short period of time, you can go into. 15. If food or foreign objects become stuck in a person s airway, this can cause. 16. Capillaries merge into, which carry blood back to the heart. 17. Blood flows constantly in one direction through the body because of. 18. The is a pump that regulates blood flow. 19. If the coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart, a can occur. 20. If a person has, thick fluid may build up in the lungs. 21. Problems in the circulatory system can lead to. 22. Blockage of a blood vessel to the brain can cause a. 23. is a dangerous rise in blood pressure. 20 The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure

7 Chapter Review Part A. Vocabulary Review The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure Directions: Unscramble the letters to form one of the terms below. Then write the correct term for each definition on the lines below. alveoli artery atrium bronchiole capillary hemoglobin lungs plasma platelets pressure vein ventricle 1. iavello: clusters of thin-walled air sacs in the lungs 2. envi: vessel that carries blood to the heart 3. glehonibmo: an iron-containing protein in blood 4. liclyrapa: microscopic blood vessel 5. clentrevi: lower chamber of the heart 6. reytra: vessel that carries blood away from the heart 7. choneorlib: branched structure in the lungs 8. smalps: liquid part of the blood 9. letstleap: fragments of cells that help clot blood 10. muriat: upper chamber of the heart 11. sgnul: organs of gas exchange 12. ressupre: the amount of force per unit area 13. List four diseases or disorders of the cardiopulmonary system. A. B. C. D. 14. Name each of the three components of whole blood and tell its main function. A. B. C. The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure 21

8 Chapter Review CONTINUED Part B. Concept Review Directions: Label the diagram below by writing the name of each numbered structure in the blank Directions: Respond to the following statements using complete sentences. 5. Describe how blood flows through the chambers of the heart. Use appropriate terminology. 6. Infer the effect on the body if a person lost the use of one lung. 7. Apply your knowledge of pulmonary and cardiovascular systems to propose several ways to prevent cardiopulmonary problems in your own body. Use a separate sheet of paper, if necessary. 22 The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure

9 Chapter Outline Lesson 1: The Pulmonary-Circulatory System A. The pulmonary system brings air into and out of our bodies and exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. 1. Breathing The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure a. Breathing is the process of air entering and our lungs. b. is breathing in air. is breathing out air. c. Air moves through the nose or mouth through the, larynx, and trachea, into the. 2. Gas exchange occurs in the. a. Air the lungs through the bronchi. b. Air is carried through branched ducts called, which end in tiny sacs. c. Oxygen passes over a membrane between the and small blood vessels. 3. Problems in the Pulmonary System a. Pneumonia, suffocation, and make it difficult to breathe. b. Thick fluid can build up in the lungs of a person with. c. occurs when your lungs and body do not receive enough oxygen. d. Asthma interferes with gas exchange by causing of the airways. B. The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body. 1. Blood a. Blood is is about 55 percent which is about 90 percent water. b. White blood cells,, and platelets make up the remaining portion of blood. c. Without, you could die from even a small cut because your blood would not clot. d. White blood cells are part of the and fight infections. 32 The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure

10 Chapter Outline CONTINUED e. Red blood cells have a protein called that carries oxygen. f. You can donate blood because your body constantly blood cells. 2. Heart a. The heart is the organ that blood throughout the circulatory system. b. The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood are the. c. The are the two lower chambers of the heart. d. are vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to organs in the body. e. Smaller vessels called deliver oxygen and nutrients. f. Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart are called. 3. Problems in the Circulatory System a. Diseases of the heart and blood are called. b. A occurs if the coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart. c. A blocked or ruptured blood vessel leading to the brain can cause a. C. Exchanges Between the Pulmonary and Circulatory Systems 1. The oxygenates the blood. 2. The then delivers oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body. D. Preventing Problems in the Pulmonary and Circulatory Systems 1. A lifestyle is the best way to reduce your risk of stroke and heart attack. 2. Exercise helps improve the of blood and oxygen to your body and keeps your blood vessels flexible. 3. Choosing not to keeps your blood vessels from hardening prematurely. The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure 33

11 Chapter Outline CONTINUED 4. Eating a diet low in saturated fat and prevents materials from building up on blood vessel walls. Lesson 2: Pressure and the Body A. What is pressure? 1. Pressure is the amount of per unit area. 2. A is the SI unit for pressure. 3. In the circulatory system, enables blood vessels to transport blood to all tissues. B. Changing Pressure 1. Pressure is increased by increasing the amount of force applied to a area. 2. Pressure is also increased by decreasing the of the area to which a constant force is applied. 3. Pressure can be by applying less force, or by spreading a force over a area. C. Pressure in the Pulmonary System 1. Mammals, including humans, use breathing to air into their lungs. 2. When you inhale, the diaphragm and rib muscles cause the chest cavity and rib cage to. 3. The of the lungs is expanded, and the pressure in the alveoli decreases. 4. Air moves from areas of high to low, so air is pulled into the lungs. 5. When you exhale, the contracts. 6. The volume of the lungs and forces the air out of the lungs. D. Pressure in the Circulatory System 1. When the contracts, the volume inside the chamber decreases. 2. Blood is forced out of the chamber as the chamber gets. 34 The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure

12 Chapter Outline CONTINUED 3. The heart and veins have that keep blood flowing in one direction. 4. Valves act like that open in only one direction. 5. Valves in the prevent backflow. 6. The contracts and pumps blood into the right ventricle. 7. The pumps blood out of the heart to the lungs. 8. Blood leaves the lungs and returns to the. 9. Blood passes from the left atrium to the. 10. The left ventricle pumps blood out of the heart to all the of the body. 11. Changes in pressure can lead to problems. 12. is a dangerous rise in blood pressure caused by blockages in or hardening of blood vessels. 13. Hypertension is a disease caused by genetic, environmental, and factors. 14. can occur when a large amount of blood is lost, decreasing blood pressure. The Cardiopulmonary System and Pressure 35