Light & Health - Design Strategies & Technologies

Transcription

1 Light & Health - Design Strategies & Technologies April 17, 2014 Konstantinos Papamichael, Ph.D. Professor, Design Program, College of Letters & Science Co-Director, California Lighting Technology Center University of California, Davis RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, cltc.ucdavis.edu PH: , FAX:

2 The Main Source of Light & Life 2

3 Sun 3

4 Spectral Distribution of Sunlight 4

5 The Electromagnetic Spectrum 5

6 Daylight Spectral Power Distributions 6

7 The Dynamic Nature of Daylight 7

8 Photopic & Scotopic Sensitivities 8

9 The CCT of Daylight 9

10 Human Evolution - Sunrise 10

11 Human Evolution - Daytime 11

12 Human Evolution - Sunset 12

13 Evolution - Night 13

14 Evolution - Light at Night 14

15 Evolution - Light at Night 15

16 Visual & Circadian Pathways 1. Visual Pathway Light stimulates the cerebral cortex for vision & perception 2. Biological Pathway Light causes messages along a biological pathway (Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal Gland) that are used to regulate the body s autonomic nervous and endocrine systems 16

17 Human Eye Anatomy Ciliary Muscle! Iris! Vitreous Humor! Sclera! Pupil! Eyelens! Retina! Fovea! Cornea! Aqueous Humor! Optic Nerve! Suspensory ligament! Choroid! 17

18 Retinal Structure 18

19 Rods & Cones 19

20 Photopic & Scotopic Sensitivities

21 Photopic & Scotopic Sensitivities 21

22 iprgc - Melanopsin intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cell Specialized ganglion cell Melanopsin photopigent Biological path Circadian Rythms Pupilary control 22

23 Adaptation Mechanisms Mechanical change: pupil diameter Admits varying amounts of light Factor of about 5% Photochemical change: changing amounts of photo pigments available Bleaching makes less pigment available Factor of about 1000% Neural change: changing synaptic interaction Lower overall neural sensitivity as light level increases Factor of about 1000% 23

24 Photopic, Scotopic & Circadian Sensitivities 24

25 Circadian Rhythms Endogenous (self-sustained) rhythms From the Latin circa = approximately dies = day Have been observed even in single celled organisms including prokaryotes, e.g,. bacteria Major Biological Effects Hormone Excretion Melatonin - sleep-wake cycle Insulin - carbohydrate metabolism Cortisol - blood pressure & sugar levels Body Temperature Cognitive performance... 25

26 Melatonin & Cortisol Circadian Rhythms

27 Incandescent Spectral Power Distribution 27

28 Pros & Cons of Incandescent Lighting Pros Excellent color rendering CRI Excellent for well-being & health - low blue content Excellent dimming - smooth, further reducing blue content Excellent drama - sharp shadows No flicker! No noise! Low cost Cons Low luminous efficacy 28

29 Fluorescent Lighting CCT (K)

30 Fluorescent Spectral Power Distribution 30

31 Spectral Power Distributions Natural Daylight Cool White Fluorescent Tri-Phosphor 3500K Incandescent Daylight Fluorescent Metal Halide 31

32 UC Davis Medical Center Sign Photopic Illuminance: 2 fc - Scotopic Illuminance: 200+ fc 32

33 Photopic, Scotopic & Cirtopic Lumens?

34 American Medical Association - June 2012 Light Pollu+on: Adverse Health Effects of Nigh;me Ligh+ng Report 4 of the Council on Science and Public Health (A- 12) of the American Medical Associa/on Biological adapta+on to the sun has evolved over billions of years. The power to ar+ficially override the natural cycle of light and dark is a recent event and represents a man- made self- experiment on the effects of exposure to increasingly bright light during the night as human socie5es acquire technology and expand industry. Among the la;er (health effects) are poten5al carcinogenic effects related to melatonin suppression, especially breast cancer. Other diseases that may be exacerbated by circadian disrup5on include obesity, diabetes, depression and mood disorders, and reproduc+ve problems. Due to the nearly ubiquitous exposure to light at inappropriate +mes rela+ve to endogenous circadian rhythms, a need exists for further mul+disciplinary research on occupa5onal and environmental exposure to light - at- night, the risk of cancer, and effects on various chronic diseases. 34

35 Blue-rich LED & Circadian Sensitivity 35

36 Key Lighting Design Strategy for Health Reduce exposure to blue light during the night Outdoor lighting Luminaires Signage Indoor lighting - especially residential Luminaires Televisions Computer displays Increase exposure to blue light during the day Daylight! High CCT light sources for applications that need it Offices Schools Work spaces Assisted living housing 36

37 Implementation Strategies & Technologies Outdoor Lighting Occupancy-based bi-level lighting Single Source Full output during occupancy 50% or less during vacancy (10% - 20% is enough) Dual Source High level Low CCT white light during occupancy Low level Amber or Amber-Red LED during vacancy Indoor Lighting Nighttime Low CCT (less than 3,000k) Low level Amber or Amber-Red LED for nightlight Kitchen Bathroom Way finding Daytime Daylight! High CCT lighting - for applications that need it 37

38 High CCT Lighting for Offices & Schools Mills, Peter R., Tomkins, Susannah C. and Schlangen, Luc JM. The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance. Journal of Circadian Rhythms, 11 January 2007, pages 2-5. High CCT Electric Lighting in Call Center with Shift Work Reduced fatigue (26.9%) Increased alertness (28.2%) Reduced daytime sleepiness (31%) Increased work performance (19.4%) Increased vitality (28.4%) Increased mental health (13.9%) 38

39 Melatonin Suppression Brainard, George C. Action Spectrum for Melatonin Regulation in Humans: Evidence for a Novel Circadian Photoreceptor. The Journal of Neuroscience (2001): Web. 29 Apr

40 Monochromatic LED Spectra Manufacturer A

41 Monochromatic LED Spectra Manufacturer B 41

42 Bathroom Light Switch with Occupancy Sensor & Amber LED Night Light 42

43 Dual Source Bi-level Outdoor Luminaire Amber LED & Induction Lighting 43

44 Dual Source Bi-level Outdoor Luminaire Occupancy Mode 44

45 Dual Source Bi-level Outdoor Luminaire Vacancy Mode 45

46 Indirect Downlight Prototypes 46

47 Dual Source Kitchen Lighting Full Light Output Night Lighting - Amber LEDs 47

48 Honda House - First Floor Amber LED Way Finding Night Lighting 48

49 Honda House - Second Floor Amber LED Way Finding Night Lighting 49

50 Bathroom & Kitchen Lighting

51 Amber LED Toe-Kick Night Light 51

52 Amber LED Toe-Kick Night Light 52

53 Kitchen High & Low Amber LED Night Light 53

54 Kitchen Amber LED Night Lighting 54

55 Kitchen Lighting... 55

56 Bedroom Lighting... 56

57 Living Room - High & Low Ambient Lighting 57

58 Stairwell & Corridor Night Lighting 58

59 Bathroom Night Light 59

60 Corridor Night Light 60

61 Maximizing Health & Sleep in the Elderly LD+A Article by Kimberly Mercier 61

62 Circadian Lighting for Assisted Living h;p:// releases/ar5cle/light- health- circadian- ligh5ng/ h;p://objects.designapplause.com/wp- content/xxg58hlz9/2012/11/econe- 2.png 62

63 Philips "Hue" Screw-based Lamp DigitalTrends.com 63

64 Wireless Base - Hardwired to Wi-Fi Router DigitalTrends.com 64

65 Relax Setting DigitalTrends.com 65

66 Concentrate Setting DigitalTrends.com 66

67 Reading Setting DigitalTrends.com 67

68 Philips "Hue" Screw-based Lamps DigitalTrends.com 68

69 Circadian Lighting for Classrooms 12000K, 65fc average 6000K, 100fc average 3500K, 50fc average 2900K, 50fc average 5000K - Focus/Concentrate 6500K - Wake Up/Morning 4000K - Group Ac5vity 3000K - Relax Photo credit: Philips 69

70 Spectrally Tunable Lighting for Office Spaces WARM 100% 50% 25% Laboratory Prototype Independent control of Intensity CCT NEUTRAL Change CCT maintaining Intensity Change intensity maintaining CCT COOL

71 Thank You! Questions? RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, cltc.ucdavis.edu PH: , FAX: