Lighting Control in the Office Space

Transcription

1 Lighting Control in the Office Space Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. 2008

2 AIA/CES Program Registration This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. 2

3 This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using distributing, or dealing in any material or product. 3

4 Copyright Notice This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is strictly prohibited. 4

5 Learning Objectives At the end of this course you will be able to: Describe how to apply effective lighting control systems to office buildings. Explain the energy savings and productivity benefits of effective lighting controls. Describe at least six key lighting control strategies for offices. Discuss an example of how to apply these strategies to an office space. More and more, so it seems to me, light is the beautifier of the building. - Frank Lloyd Wright 5

6 Agenda Lexicon Office Lighting Goals Motivation Introduce Lighting Control Strategies Apply Strategies to Spaces Review Space Performance 6

7 Lexicon Daylight harvesting the use of lighting and shade controls to respond to available sunlight to illuminate a space Demand response reducing electrical usage based on a request or need by a utility (load shedding) 7

8 Lexicon (continued) Time based control creating lighting effects based on time of day and/or position of the sun Vacancy sensors using motion detectors in a mode where a user must purposely turn lights on and have the device automatically turn off lights (manual on / auto off) Personal control the ability for a space s occupant to adjust lighting levels 8

9 Lexicon (continued) Efficacy how efficiently a light source converts electrical energy into visible light. Usually measured in lumens/watt LEED nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of high-performance green buildings USGBC.org 9

10 Motivation Energy Savings 35 to 45% of electricity used in a building is for lighting Of all conservable electricity in a building, 55% is from lighting - Energy Information Administration (DOE) Modern lighting systems can deliver a 40% or more reduction in lighting electricity Lighting 10

11 Motivation - Productivity Gains Workers are 4 to 7% more productive when working in their preferred light level This equates to 10 to 17 extra work days per year per employee - Newsham & Veitch 1996, Newsham & Vietch

12 Motivation - Economic Energy Costs $1.50 to $2.50 ft 2 Salary Costs over $200 ft 2 Reducing energy costs by 50% saves $1.00 ft 2 Increasing productivity by 5% saves more than $10 ft 2 - Carnegie Mellon University 12

13 Motivation Continuous Improvement Any building owner or operator who hasn t yet examined his or her energy usage, looking for more money-saving options, is hiding behind the eight ball. - Buildings, January

14 Office Lighting Goals Occupant Comfort Improve productivity Most expensive business operating cost Meet Energy Codes Reduce Costs Minimize operating and maintenance costs Simplify support requirements 14

15 Office Lighting Goals (continued) Flexibility Tenant needs Churn Variable activities/teaming Aesthetic Improved building appeal Reduce light leak 15

16 Office Lighting Goals (continued) Resale Increase facility value Faster space turnover Green Lease Real Estate developers find that green buildings lease faster In some markets a premium can be charged for green 16

17 Lighting Control Strategies Achieving a balance The right light for the task Operate efficiently Reduce energy waste 17

18 Lighting Control Strategies (continued) Lighting Control solution Incorporates future needs Builds in adjustability Future needs Lighting systems can have future adjustability, tunable Flexible offices and more personal space control support a mobile work environment 18

19 Advances in Fluorescent Control Underpinning is an addressable light fixture HVAC systems thermostats & modes Lighting can have similar controls Dimming ballasts provide variable fluorescent lighting from full to lower levels Wide array of controls; automatic and manual, integrate to make a system 19

20 Advances in Fluorescent Control (continued) Adjustability at the lighting fixture level is afforded by addressable ballast technology More flexible work spaces by setting lighting patterns appropriate for the users Assign a lighting control to the light fixture 20

21 1 st Break Review Quiz 21

22 Control Strategy Space Tuning Spaces are over lighted by 10-20% Designed for worst-case interiors and fabrics Adjustable systems can tune-out waste Save over 10% just by tuning the luminance levels Eliminate the Cave Effect in offices 22

23 Space Tuning Technology Adjustable ballast factor ballast Tune the ballast output to meet a luminance target Fewer ballasts per project, select light output on a per-fixture basis Create a more idealized lighting design Simple installation Less inventory of ballasts and lamps 23

24 Space Tuning Technology Set target luminance for the space As a ballast dims, energy is saved HVAC loading is decreased as well Adjustable ballast factor ASHRAE is considering adjustable ballast factor calculations 24

25 Control Strategy Daylight Harvesting Balance the sunlight and electrical light Provide smooth transitions to avoid distraction Reduced electric light returns energy savings Impact: in perimeter spaces savings can be 15 to 40% over an uncontrolled system 25

26 Daylight Harvesting Technology Automate control Lighting system adjusts to compensate for sunlight Slow and smooth changes prevent dissatisfaction 26

27 Daylight Harvesting Technology Open Loop measure sunlight Pro not prone to furniture or human factors Con not a direct measure and requires setup 27

28 Daylight Harvesting Technology Closed Loop measure sunlight and electric light Pro fast setup Con reflectance changes vary system performance 28

29 Control Strategy Vacancy Sensing Turn off lights in an empty room Manual on make light usage purposeful Mode available in some sensors Required in California and some other areas Impact: savings are over 30% in offices, 50% in meeting spaces. 29

30 Vacancy Sensing - Technology Sensing devices have improved Passive Infrared good for large motions Ultrasonic high sensitivity in small spaces Passive Acoustics high sensitivity in small spaces Self adapting sensors reduce some setup costs Fewer false trips and maintenance 30

31 Control Strategy Personal Control Dimmer on a wall for manual control Preset control for some spaces: Larger offices Conference Areas Personal control from the desk To a ceiling or wall receiver PC based control 31

32 Personal Control - Technology Wall mounted control Locate in place of a switch Basic function: on/off and raise/lower Ceiling mounted control Located on a fixture or next to a fixture Handheld remote can recall lighting presets PC based control Either a USB plug in device Or connected via networking & programming 32

33 Control Strategy Demand Management Actively manage utility usage Providers offer several options Pay for load shed during emergency periods Incentives for reducing load during peaking periods Price controls require users to pay a fixed price plus a market premium as prices shift Metering is required Integration and/or manual control required to participate 33

34 Demand Response - Technology Lighting Load Shed Dimming reduces energy used - people may not notice Turn off unnecessary lighting Aesthetic lighting turned down or off HVAC Increase the building temperature Turn off physical equipment Cogeneration - produce additional kwh for usage or sale 34

35 Control Strategy Glare Control Direct and reflected sunlight washes out monitors Solar fabrics create diffuse light External louvers used to direct light into office. 35

36 Glare Control - Technology Glare control via shades Lowered during sunrise and sunset times Open during the day for views and lighting Close shades at night to reduce light leak Automatic and manual shade motion should be combined 36

37 Lighting Control and LEED There are 11+ points available for lighting control Must first meet ASHRAE guidelines Then Energy & Atmosphere Daylight and Views Commissioning systems must be programmed and verified to meet design intent. 37

38 2 nd Break Review Quiz 38

39 Office Floor Plate 39

40 Office Floor Plate Open Office 40

41 Office Floor Plate Open Office Private Office 41

42 Office Floor Plate Open Office Private Office Meeting Space 42

43 Office Floor Plate Open Office Private Office Meeting Space Corridors 43

44 Office Floor Plate Open Office Private Office Meeting Space Corridors Shared Space 44

45 Office Floor Plate Open Office Private Office Meeting Space Corridors Shared Space Building Services 45

46 Open Office Space Astronomic time clock control for large spaces Occupancy sensor with overlapping control areas Personal Lighting Ambient Task 46

47 Private Office Lighting Control Daylight Harvesting Vacancy Sensor Personal Dimming Shading control Lighting system automatically adjusts 47

48 Meeting Spaces Preset lighting control Integrate with A/V equipment Intuitive control Vacancy sensors 48

49 Corridors Time clock control to light during normal hours Afterhours program low ambient Unique concept: Logically join aisle and corridor lighting to main spaces If an office is occupied, path outside stays lit 49

50 Shared Space Occupancy sensor turn on and off Personal control supports impromptu meetings and team gatherings Restroom lighting Lights at a low level when unoccupied Reduces concerns about entering a dark space 50

51 Building Services Occupancy sensor turn on and off Timers Limit on time 51

52 Centralized Control Connected lighting systems have additional benefits: Simplify building lighting operation with one time clock Report on device failures & help schedule maintenance Perform demand response with utility consultation 52

53 How do I get the Performance? Determine the Design Intent for the space Document the Design Intent Create a narrative 53

54 Specification Example Space shall be illuminated to average 40 fc Daylight harvest the lighting for the first 15 feet into the space Lighting shall be turned on automatically at 6 AM Manually dimmed during the day Lighting shall be turned off automatically at 8 PM Afterhours building sweeps turn off lights after 8 PM Manual override keypad provided for weekend/late evening time clock override 54

55 Summary Combining lighting control strategies increases productivity and energy savings. Space Tuning, Daylight Harvesting, and Glare Control typically offer the most benefit Modern lighting control systems simplify system design, specification, and support 55

56 Thank You Thank you for your time This concludes the AIA Continuing Education Systems Program Questions? 56