Psychoanalysis: Freud. Outline. Why Study Freud s Life? Kimberley A. Clow. Why Study Freud s Life? Freud s Observations Freud s Theory.

Transcription

1 Psychoanalysis: Freud Kimberley A. Clow Outline Why Study Freud s Life? Context Freud s Observations Freud s Theory Structure of the Mind Psychosexual Stages Defense Mechanisms Dream Analysis Why Study Freud s Life? Our thinking is influenced by our experiences To understand Freud s theory, it helps to understand a bit about Freud Historical context Cultural context Personal context

2 Historical Context Born in Moravia in 1856 Died in London in 1939 Cultural Context Vienna Middle class family Personal Context Oldest of 8 children Love of scientific research & medicine Freud Freud s Observations We are not aware of all our thoughts and motives Our memories and explanations of our own behaviour are often distorted Our emotions, thoughts, and behaviour are often meaningful in ways that are not immediately obvious There are important links Between childhood and adulthood Between normal and abnormal personalities

3 Development of Theory Observations during therapy Patients recall early experiences Especially of a sexual nature When memories were uncovered, patients seemed to recover from symptoms Theory derived to explain 1. How sexual thoughts could occur early in childhood 2. How such thoughts were kept from consciousness 3. Why there was any need to keep them from consciousness 4. Why early thoughts, wishes, or experiences were particularly important in symptom formation Mental Energy Libido Sexual drive Similar to other biological drives Changes with Development Everyone has a fixed amount of libidinal energy Drive reduction is associated with different areas of the body and associated body functions at different ages Psychosexual Development ORAL STAGE (First year) Related to later mistrust and rejection issues ANAL STAGE (Ages 2-4) Related to later personal power issues PHALLIC STAGE (Ages 4-6) Related to later sexual attitudes LATENCY STAGE (Ages 5-11) A time of socialization; no interest in sex GENITAL STAGE (Ages 12-60) Sexual energies are invested in life

4 Structure of the Mind Topographic Model Unconscious Conscious Preconscious Structural Model Id Ego Superego Development of the Mind ID Present at birth Strength of id is inherited Pleasure Principle Strive to satisfy desires and reduce inner tension EGO Develops through experience Strength based on success at satisfying demands of id and world Reality Principle Avoid harm Satisfy drives SUPEREGO Develops through identification with parents Internalize parents values Morality Principle conscience DEFENSE Denial Displacement Intellectualization Projection Rationalization Reaction Formation Regression Repression Sublimation Suppression DESCRIPTION arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it doesn't exist taking out impulses on a less threatening target avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the intellectual aspects placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else supplying a logical or rational reason as opposed to the real reason taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes anxiety returning to a previous stage of development pulling into the unconscious acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable way pushing into the unconscious

5 Dream Analysis Important Terms Wish Fulfillment Manifest Content Latent Content Six Keys to Dreams Allusions rather than direct reference Parts representing wholes Wholes representing parts Many thoughts representing one One thought representing several Disregard for time or order Most Common Dream Themes Loving others secretly Being chased or persecuted Death Former Lover Snake Loosing Teeth Kill others or being killed Crying Schoolmates Fighting or Arguing Pregnant Dead bodies or Ghost Getting married Falling down Flying Kiss Insects Make Love Monsters Fires Phone Call Criticisms Attacks on Freud s integrity, motivation, & personality Criticisms about his methods Questions about the logical and philosophical soundness of his theory