Concentrating Solar Power Alliance

Transcription

1 Concentrating Solar Power Alliance CSP Overview SEPA Webinar January 31, 2013 Frank (Tex) Wilkins Executive Director CSP Alliance CSP Alliance 1

2 Concentrating Solar Power Alliance CSP Alliance - an advocacy group formed in March 2012 whose goal is to increase the deployment of CSP Mission inform utilities, grid operators, and regulators of the benefits of CSP with its ability to store thermal energy and provide dispatchable power Members - membership includes Abengoa, BrightSource, Torresol Energy, Lointek, Cone Drive, and Wilson Solarpower CSP Alliance 2

3 Agenda Introduction Plant characteristics Storage Solar collection Projects Cost and future developments Question and answer CSP Alliance 3

4 CSP Storage & Power Block Solana: photos courtesy of Abengoa. 4 CSP Alliance 4

5 Plant Characteristics Project start up if the turbine is warm it takes 10 minutes from start to full power. If the plant is operating as spinning reserve, full capacity can be reached in 4 minutes. The plant can be started and increased to full load in 10 minutes or less. Off-design operation - CSP plants can operate efficiently at off-design conditions. For example, the efficiency of a steam turbine at 50% load is about 95% of the design efficiency. Power quality same as power from fossil plants providing reactive power support, dynamic voltage support, and primary frequency control. Dispatch of stored energy power can be put onto the grid at any time, day or night. CSP Alliance 5

6 Dispatch Examples Utility Load, Trough Plant Output July Solar Resource (W/m2) Summer: dispatch power to meet afternoon & early evening peak demand 1.6 January Hour Ending Relative Value of Generation Trough Plant w/6hrs TES Solar Radiation Winter: dispatch power to meet morning and evening periods of peak demand 0 Utility Load, Trough Plant Output Hour Ending Relative Value of Generation Trough Plant w/6hrs TES Solar Radiation Solar Resource (W/m2) *Graphs courtesy of Arizona Public Service CSP Alliance 6

7 CSP (trough) Water Requirements Cooling Wet Cooling gal / MWh Dry Cooling gal / MWh Mirror washing ~ 50 gal / MWh Steam cycle cleaning ~ 50 gal / MWh Impact of Dry Cooling: ~90% less water with: 4-7% cost increase in hot climates (e.g. Las Vegas, NV) 3-5% cost increase in cooler climates (e.g. Alamosa, CO) CSP Alliance 7

8 Thermal Energy Storage Typical CSP storage is heating a mixture of nitrate salts from 390 C (troughs) to 560 C (towers). Salt heated in the solar field is placed in the hot tank. Salt coming from the turbine goes to the cold tank. *Photos courtesy Abengoa CSP Alliance 8

9 Trough Power Plant w/ 2-Tank Molten Salt Thermal Storage Solar Field Storage Power Block Steam Turbine Hot Tank Heat Exchanger Cold Tank Pump CSP Alliance 9

10 Trough Power Plant: Power Generation Solar Field Storage Power Block Steam Turbine Hot Tank Heat Exchanger Cold Tank Pump CSP Alliance 10

11 Trough Power Plant Power Generation and Charging Storage Solar Field Storage Power Block Steam Turbine Hot Tank Heat Exchanger Cold Tank Pump CSP Alliance 11

12 Trough Power Plant Power from Thermal Storage Solar Field Storage Power Block Steam Turbine Hot Tank Heat Exchanger Cold Tank Pump CSP Alliance 12

13 Storage Provides Intraday System Stability Direct Normal Irradiance DNI (W/m2) Power Output (MWhe) 0 0 0:00 1:40 3:20 5:00 6:40 8:20 10:00 11:40 13:20 15:00 16:40 18:20 20:00 21:40 23:20 April 12, 2012 (Time of Day) *Chart courtesy of Solar Reserve CSP Alliance 13

14 Storage Promoting Flexibility Use of storage can lessen grid ramps (the rate of increase/decrease in grid system power) and reduce operator uncertainty due to solar forecast errors. High capacity value helps meet resource adequacy requirements Plant can provide spinning or non spinning reserves Importance of storage increases as grid penetration increases of wind and solar without storage* Little value of storage at low grid penetration of renewable energy The benefits of storage at higher renewable penetration can be in the range of $30-40/MWh relative to renewables w/o storage due to energy, ancillary services, capacity, power quality and avoided system costs of integration in recent studies by LBNL and NREL CSP with storage enables greater use of PV * Ref: The Economic and Reliability Benefits of CSP with Thermal Storage: Recent Studies and Research Needs, CSP Alliance Report, Dec CSP Alliance 14

15 Categories of Value Energy Ancillary services (for secondary frequency control) Power quality and other ancillary services Capacity Integration and curtailment costs compared to solar PV and wind Hourly optimization of energy schedules Subhourly energy dispatch Ramping reserves Regulation 10-minute spinning reserves 10-min non-spinning reserves Operating reserves on greater than 10 minute timeframes Voltage control Frequency response Blackstart Generic MW shifted to meet evolving system needs Operational attributes Reduced production forecast error and associated reserve requirements Reduced curtailment due to greater dispatch flexibility without production losses Ramp mitigation CSP Alliance 15

16 Solar Collection: Trough Technology Parabolic trough technology uses long parabolic mirrors, with an absorber tube running each mirror s length at the focal point. Sunlight is reflected by the mirror and concentrated on the absorber tube. Heat transfer fluid, comprised of oil or molten salts, runs through the tube to absorb the concentrated sunlight. The heat transfer fluid is then used to heat steam for a turbine/generator or heat storage. Trough systems are sensitive to economies of scale and estimated to be most cost effective at 100 MW or greater. Solar concentration: 75 suns Operating temp: 390 C CSP Alliance 16

17 Solar Collection: Power Towers Power towers use an array of flat, moveable mirrors, called heliostats, to focus the sun's rays onto a receiver at the top of a central tower. The energy in the receiver is transferred to a heat transfer fluid (salt or steam) which is used to heat steam for a turbine/generator or storage media (salt). Molten salt allows solar energy from daylight hours to be stored to generate steam throughout the evening. The high operating temperature enables less expensive storage. Due to power block requirements, power towers are sensitive to economies of scale and are typically most economical at 100 MW or more. Solar concentration: 800 suns Operating temperature: 560 C CSP Alliance 17

18 CSP Plants Under Construction in the U.S. Technology Trough w/6 hrs storage Capacity (MW) Jobsconstruction Jobspermanent Solana Mojave Genesis Crescent Dunes Trough Trough SaltTower w/10 hrs storage Ivanpah Steam Towers , ,000 1,000 and Location Arizona California California Nevada California DOE Loan Guarantee $1.45B $1.2B $0.85B $0.74B $1.6B Completion Developer Abengoa Abengoa NextEra Solar Reserve BrightSource CSP Alliance

19 Solana: trough 280 MW with 6 hrs Storage Photos courtesy Abengoa CSP Alliance 19

20 Ivanpah: 3 towers totaling 392 MW *photos courtesy BrightSource CSP Alliance 20

21 Ivanpah CSP Alliance 21

22 Crescent Dunes: 110 MW with 10 hrs storage *photos courtesy Solar Reserve CSP Alliance 22

23 Solar Collection Direct normal, diffuse, and global solar radiation CSP can use only the direct because diffuse can not be effectively focused or concentrated SOURCE: Status Report on Solar Thermal Power Plants, Pilkinton Solar International, CSP Alliance 23

24 Solar Resource in U.S. Southwest CSP Alliance 24

25 DOE & BLM: identifying land for CSP deployment Approach: a programmatic environmental impact statement (PEIS) BLM manages 119 million acres in the 6 Southwestern states where the solar resource is most intense (CA, NV, NM, AZ, CO, and UT) Identification of land that is appropriate for solar deployment from technical and environmental perspectives Streamline evaluation and processing of solar projects Identification of additional transmission corridors crossing BLM-managed land 17 solar zones proposed totaling about 285,000 acres CSP Alliance 25

26 Cost Reduction: R&D and Deployment Sargent & Lundy s due-diligence study* evaluated the potential cost reductions of CSP. Cost reductions for CSP technology will result from R&D and deployment. * Sargent and Lundy (2003). Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Impacts. CSP Alliance 26

27 Importance of Deployment on Cost Deployment is as more important in reducing cost as R&D advancements CSP Alliance 27

28 DOE s SunShot Goal* Reduce the installed cost of solar energy systems to about 6 kwh w/o tax incentives, driving widespread, large-scale adoption of this renewable energy technology *SunShot Vision Study, Feb 2012, CSP Alliance 28

29 Paths to SunShot Goal DOE R&D High Temperature Systems higher operating temperature increases system efficiency. Existing steam systems operate at 390 o C 565 o C with 37-42% efficiency. Research focused on supercritical CO 2 Brayton operating at 600 o C- 800 o C with 50-55% efficiency Storage two tank salt the standard to beat but explore other options like higher temp storage/heat transfer fluid materials, phase change and solid materials, including direct steam Solar Field reduce collector cost while maintaining or improving optical performance Receivers develop selective coatings for high temperature receivers CSP Alliance 29

30 Thank You Frank Tex Wilkins Executive Director Concentrating Solar Power Alliance Phone: (410) CSP Alliance 30