Marlene C.S. Assis. Francisco Colomer. Jesús Gómez-González. José Antonio López-Fernández. Luisa VMS. Moniz.

Transcription

1 Marlene C.S. Assis Francisco Colomer Jesús Gómez-González José Antonio López-Fernández Luisa VMS. Moniz Instituto Geográfico Nacional Spain

2 Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) Global Geodetic Observing System ( GGOS ) is established by IAG in 2003, becoming an official component in GGOS provides the geodetic infrastructure necessary for monitoring the Earth system and for global change research. GGOS2020 reference document Role of VLBI2010

3 Lunisolar Gravitational acceleration Atmospheric tides Angular torques Atmospheric loading Angular momentum variation of the atmosphere Effects from Earth interior Density variations in the atmosphere Oceanic tides Ocean loading Angular momentum variation of the oceans Orientation of the Earth Precession,Nutation Polar motion Length of day Ocean circulation Tides of the solid Earth Deformation of the Earth Pole tides Gravity Field of the Earth Global vegetation Global ground water Snow Postglacial land uplift Tectonic plate motion Volcanism Earthquakes

4 Std Ocean Gravimetry Geometry RAEGE RED ATLÁNTICA DE IERS: IGS: IVS: ILRS: IDS: IGFS: BGI: IGeS: ICET: ICGEM: IDEMS: PSMSL: IAS: BIPM: IBS: International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service International GNSS Service International VLBI Service International Laser Ranging Service International DORIS Service International Gravity Field Service Bureau Gravimetrique International International Geoid Service International Center for Earth Tides International Center for Global Earth Models International Digital Elevation Models Service Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level ( preparation International Altimetry Service (in Bureau International des Poids et Mesures IAG Bibliographic Service

5 Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)

6 Reference frames: highest accuracy and long-term stability Global Monitoring Information about Earth System C O M B I N A T I O N S Space Techniques VLBI SLR/LLR GNSS DORIS Altimetry InSAR Gravity/Magnet. Missions Terrestrial Techniques Levelling Gravimetry Tide Gauges Seismometers Magnetometers Geometry Station Position/Motion, Sea Level Change, Deformation Earth Rotation Precession/Nutation, Polar Motion, UT1, LOD Gravity/Magnet. Geocenter Gravity/Magn. Field, Temporal Variations Earth System Sun/Moon ( Planets ) Atmosphere Ocean Hydrosphere Cryosphere Crust Mantle Core I N T E R A C T I O N S Innovative Technologies Interpretation

7 GGOS: Parameter space for a rigorous combination ICRF ITRF Atmosphere Altimetry X Nutation X ( X ) ( X ) X Polar Motion X X X X X UT1 X Length of Day ( LOD ) X X X X X ( Coord.+Veloc.(ITRF X X X X X ( X ) Parameter Type VLBI GNSS DORIS SLR LLR Quasar Coord. ( ICRF ) Geocenter X X X X Gravity Field X X X ( X ) X Orbits X X X X X LEO X X X X Orbits Ionosphere X X X X Troposphere X X X X Time/Freq.; Clocks X X ( X ) Same clock for VLBI and GNSS Earth Rotation Gravity Field

8 VLBI RAEGE RED ATLÁNTICA DE 5: Level 4: Moon,Planets Planets Moon

9 Level 1: Core Network (~ 40 Stations): 2-3 VLBI telescopes for continuous observations SLR/LLR telescope for tracking of all major satellites ( changes At least 3 GNSS antennas and receivers (controlled equipment DORIS beacon of the most recent generation Ultra-stable oscillator for time and frequency keeping and transfer Terrestrial survey instruments for permanent/automated local tie monitoring Superconducting and absolute gravimeter (gravity missions, geocenter) Meteorological sensors (pressure, temperature, humidity) Seismometer for combination with deformation from space geodesy and GNSS seismology Additional sensors: water vapor radiometer, tiltmeters, gyroscopes, ground water sensors, General Characteristics: highly automated, 24-hour/365 days, latest technologies

10 Current components of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) Green ~ > 52 sessions/yr; Red ~ sessions/yr; Blue ~ < 12 sessions/yr

11 Present and future IVS goals Products Specification Status 2002 Goals (VLBI2010) Polar Motion (x p, y p) UT1-UTC (DUT1) accuracy product delivery resolution frequency of solution accuracy product delivery resolution x p ~ 100, y p ~ 200 µas 1 4 weeks 4 months 1 day 3 days/week 5 20 µs 1 week 1 day 25 µas 1 day 10 min 1 h 7 days/week 2 µs 1 day 10 min Celestial Pole (de; dy) TRF (x, y, z) accuracy product delivery resolution frequency of solution µas 1 4 weeks 4 months 1 day ~ 3 days/week 25 µas 1 day accuracy 5 20 mm 2 mm 7 days/week CRF (a; d) accuracy frequency of solution product delivery mas 1 year 3 6 months 0.25 mas improve. for more freq. bands 1 month

12 Role of VLBI 2010 within GGOS Contribution to the three pillars of Geodesy Conventional Reference Systems and their realization Plate tectonics ( 2 stations per tectonic plate) Spatial Data Infrastructure Summary of the Requirements (from GGOS 2020 Document)

13 GGOS 2020 goals

14 VLBI2010 System Characteristics Current VLBI2010 antenna size m dish ~ 12 m dish slew speed ~ deg/min 360 deg/min sensitivity ,000 SEFD 2,500 SEFD frequency range S/X band ~2 15 (18) GHz recording rate 128, 256 Mbps 8 16 Gbps data transfer usually ship disks, some e-transfer e-transfer, e-vlbi, ship disks when required

15 The RAEGE project Establishment of an Spanish-Portuguese Network of Geodynamical and Space Geodesy Stations (RAEGE) by the installation and operation of four fundamental geodetic/astronomical stations provided with radio telescopes fulfilling the VLBI 2010 project specifications: Yebes (1), Canary Islands (1) and Açores Islands (2).

16 Baselines: Yebes Canary Islands : 1800 km Yebes Sao Miguel : 2000 km Yebes Flores : 2400 km Canary Islands Flores : 2000 km Sao Miguel Flores : 540 km

17 Baselines: Yebes Flores : 2400 km Gran Canaria Flores : 2000 km Sao Miguel Flores : 540 km

18 Azores Islands, Portugal

19 Canary Islands, Spain

20 Initial equipment to be installed at each RAEGE station Geodetic VLBI 2010 radiotelescope: Diameter 12m, freq 40GHz Many parts could be built in Spain. Superconducting gravimeter. Permanent GNSS station. Satellite Laser Ranging (Yebes).

21 RAEGE workshop Madrid, January 2009

22 RAEGE station in Yebes (Guadalajara, Spain)

23 GPS 40-m RT Gravimeter 14-m RT SLR New VLBI2010 RT

24 VLBI2010 radiotelescope Goals: 1mm position + 1mm/yr velocity accuracy Continuous observation of Earth parameters Small / fast moving Reduced sensitivity to RFI = wide band feeds TTW: 2 x 13.2 m RT, ring focus 12º/sec + 6º/sec moves

25 TTW radiotelescope optics: ring focus

26 PHASE(Arbitrary Units) RAEGE RED ATLÁNTICA DE Radio frequency observing bands Phase Delay: τφ = Φ/ω Group Delay (slope): τg = ΔΦ/Δω X-Band S-Band: Serious RFI Frequency, GHz

27 VLBI2010 radio feed ELEVEN feed: Developed at Chalmers University (Sweden) by Per-Simon Kildal. To operate in 2-14 GHz band. Coolable, but challenges to the mechanical construction.

28 Permanent IGS reference station YEBE : Core of IGN red de estaciones permanentes, ERGPS. A-class station in EUROGRAPHICS. Member of IGS and EUREF since 2001.

29 Permanent IGS station YEBE

30

31 Gravimeter building and equipment at Yebes: Seven pillars for instrument comparison Two gravimeters (A10 & FG5) Purchasing the first superconducting gravimeter (February 2010)

32 Future Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) facility:

33 RAEGE stations in Azores

34

35 Meteorology: Acceptable. Wind below limits. Santa Maria Geological studies: Better in Saramago and Terras do Raposo. RFI: Radars to assist navigation at 2.3 GHz. Horizons: All < 8º Infraestructures: Fine. Better in Saramago.

36 Santa Maria: Saramago

37 Geological study of Santa Maria Aluvión Conglomerado Basaltos

38 km/h 01/01/ /02/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/ /12/2008 mm 01/01/ /02/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/ /12/2008 Cº RAEGE RED ATLÁNTICA DE Meteorology near Santa Maria Temperature Isla Ponta Delgada Temperatura media año Cº Rain Isla Ponta Delgada 120 Fecha Wind Isla Ponta Delgada Precipitacion Velocidad Máxima del Viento Fecha 40 Velocidad Media del Viento /01/ /01/ /03/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/2008 Fecha 27/09/ /10/ /11/ /12/2008

39 Flores Meteorology: Fine, but worse than in Santa María. Geological studies: Good conditions at sites. RFI: Radars to assist navigation at 2.3 GHz. Horizons: < 10º (except Pico do Touro). Infraestructures: Fine, better in Lajes.

40 Angulo º RAEGE RED ATLÁNTICA DE Flores: Lajes Máscara de Lajes Azimut

41 km/h 01/01/ /02/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/ /12/2008 mm 01/01/ /02/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /11/ /12/2008 Cº RAEGE RED ATLÁNTICA DE Meteorology at Flores Temperature Isla Flores Temperatura media año Cº Rain Isla Flores Fecha Wind Precipitacion Isla Flores Fecha Velocidad Máxima del Viento Velocidad Media del Viento /01/ /01/ /03/ /03/ /04/ /05/ /06/ /07/ /08/2008 Fecha 27/09/ /10/ /11/ /12/2008

42 Geological study of Flores Aluvión Conglomerado Basaltos

43 Azores work program in 2010 Meteorological stations to be installed in potential RAEGE station placements for continuous monitoring. Geological studies in all those locations. Radio frequency interference (RFI) measurements with stand-alone equipment. Range: 1 to 26.5 GHz Teodolite measurements in potential locations.

44 RAEGE station in Canary Islands (Spain) To be equipped with: - one radiotelescope - one GNSS receiver - one gravimeter Possible locations: - Mas Palomas -.

45 Real time data transfer and correlation (e-vlbi)

46 IGN capabilities and cooperation opportunities Long time experience in technical aspects of VLBI (radiotelescopes, front-ends and back-ends). Participation in the VLBI networks and organizations (IVS, EVN). Infrastructures and equipment for the main station (Yebes). IGN geodetic/geophysical centre at Canary Islands. Collaboration agreement between IGN and the Açores Regional Government. Ready to purchase the first three VLBI antennas in Grants available for training of scientists and engineers at Yebes:

47 Conclusion (1) The construction and operation of the RAEGE project, as conceived, represents a scientific and technical contribution of first magnitude to the global IVS VLBI2010 project, which will in turn represent a qualitative change in the techniques of geodetic VLBI and the scientific problems to be addressed in the next years (Earth Orientation Parameters, crustal dynamics, ) From a technical point of view, RAEGE incorporates the most modern instrumentation of the IVS VLBI2010 radio telescopes, as well as complementary equipment (superconducting gravimeter, GNSS, etc.). The construction and installation of this instrumentation is viable, and IGN has appropriate laboratories, workshops, and technical staff at Yebes Observatory, with experience in the techniques involved.

48 Conclusion (2) The spatial distribution of the stations to be built (Yebes, Açores, Canary Islands) is of great value for the geodynamical studies to be performed, both for its geographical and its tectonic distribution (European, African, and American plates). The international scientific communities of Astronomy, Geodesy, and Geophysics, in particular those in Spain and Portugal, will benefit with the RAEGE project. Moreover, the construction, installation, and put into operation of the instruments and equipment of the RAEGE project will make possible for the Spanish and Portuguese engineers, to perform technical developments in the fields of mechanics, electronics, computers, and telecommunications.

49 Grants available for training of scientists and engineers at Yebes: - Astronomy - Geodesy - Geophysics Deadline: November 17 th

50 Thank You!