Gasification and Combustion research at the Renewable Energy programme

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1 Gasification and Combustion research at the Renewable Energy programme HighBio-seminar Jua Konttinen University of Jyväsylä Renewable Energy programme

2 Renewable Energy Education and Research programme Programme concentrates on the multidisciplinary renewable energy sector It is a collaboration between researchers and educators from the Faculty of Mathematics and Science, the Faculty of Social Sciences the School of Business and Economics EDUCATION: The Master s Degree Programme in Renewable Energy provides education in the renewable and distributed energy production one objective is to promote the utilization of sustainable energy sources RESEARCH: development of distributed energy technologies and uses demonstration projects for promoting public awareness of renewable energy technologies. Projects involve municipalities, research institutes, companies and farms

3 Research in Renewable Energy (RE) programme Research both in basic and applied research areas Most traditional: Biogas production Wood chemistry related with pulp and paper mills RE-laboratory at Vaajaosi Solar heat collectors A micro-chp device under construction (80 W th ) NEW: Gasification Demonstration projects on solar and wind energy and heat pumps School of economics: Innovative business concepts Biorefineries Distribution networ of biogas Emission trade, taxation, energy efficiency and saving Social sciences: local social effects of energy production

4 Energy solution of ABC Viitasaari Target: 97 % of the heat and electricity from renewable sources. Also demonstration of renewable energy technology to public. Means of realization: Distributed heat and power production using biomass, solar and wind energy, and heat from Lae Keitele. Funding: Ministry of Trade and Industry, Kesimaa Os., City of Viitasaari, the European Social Fund and the European Regional Development Fund, State Provincial Office of Western Finland N E

5 Heating and cooling: Solar collectors and heat pump Five south facing Wagner LB HT-AR 7,6 flat plate collectors: Area: 38 m 2 Tilt angle: 35 Zero-loss eff.: 83,2 % Selective absorber (TiNOx); covered by antireflective glass 290 W Carrier heat pump: Heating and cooling Lae water for heat source 7,5 m of tubing in lae

6 Electricity generation: Photovoltaic (PV) array and 10 W HAWT 154 semitransparent ASITHRU- 30-SG thin-film solar modules Total area: 92,4 m 2 Nominal power: 4,2 W p (DC) Tilt angle: 5 Grid connected WT 10P wind turbine Rated power: 10 W p Rotor diameter: 5,4 m Cut in speed: 3,5 m/s Rated speed: 12 m/s Grid connected

7 Saarijärvi PV system demonstrates the feasibility of new PV technology in cold climate. HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) PV technology was chosen as it has shown top-level efficiencies in mass produced solar cells; possibly exceeding 20 %. Cell and module efficiencies are 18,4 % and 16,5 %, respectively. Source: SANYO/HIT Photovoltaic Module Photo: Tuua Rönö, 2005

8 RE-laboratory at Vaajaosi Solar heat collectors Test location for 6-10 m 2 collectors -TiNO x -coated panel - Vacuum tube collector - Plastic tube collector - Rubber-coated collector

9 Power and heat directly from biomass in the scale of 50 W th 1 MW th? Stirling-techology: Energy is transferred from hot flue gases to the engine using liquid heat transfer medium Efficiency with biomass close to 15 % Key issue: the performance of the heat exhanger

10 Miro-CHP-device at the RE-laboratory P2 Fan flue gas recirculation + se. & tert. air preheating T7 Heat exch 2 Stac Furnace: height. 1.3 m, i.d. 0.5 m mass flow meters se+ tert air Stirling 9 We 1300C Heat exchanger 1 T5 T4 District heat T6 T3 Flue. Gas. sampling O2, CO, particles mass flow... prim. air (with pellets) Pellet furnace Fuel power 60 W T2 P1 T1 Flue gas cleaning T= temperature, P= pressure to PC control system!

11 Research in gasification Author s experience Tampella Power Inc. and Enviropower Inc. o 15 MW th pilot plant testing of coal gasification and gas cleanup Successful demonstration of the regenerative sulfur removal process o 20 MW th pilot plant testing of woody biomass gasification and gas cleanup o Engineering wor for commercial-scale IGCC demonstration projects (USA: Clean Coal program, Finland: Summan voima ) Carbona Inc., ( as consultant) o 20 MW th pilot plant testing, result analysis and reporting of alfalfa gasification o Engineering wor for gasification plants (IGCC, Sive plant). Developing computer models and design tools Åbo Aademi University o research program called Perusaasu Developing a gasification reactor simulation tool called Carbon conversion predictor Estimating the fate of heavy metals in gasification and gas cleanup processes Fate of fuel nitrogen in combustion of product gas Carbona Inc. o UPM/Andritz/Carbona BTL-development project Gasification and gas cleanup engineering calculations Participation in the laboratory- and pilot-scale test run program in USA o Engineering calculations and data estimation for commercial gasification plants (Sive, lime iln gasification) o Participation in the board of the gasification R&D project for syngas production and cleanup, coordinated by VTT Professor at the University of Jyväsylä o Participation in the designed national technology program Combustion plants in the field of fuel thermal conversion (CLEEN Oy) o On-going research on gasification reactivity of solid fuels (Poster in BIOENERGY2009 conference).

12 Biomass-based IGCC plant Flue gas Biomass Steam turbine G Process heat Design parameters for a future plant Wood input Power output Heat production Total efficiency Power-to-heat ratio 150 MW 60 MW 70 MW 87% 0.86 Dryer Gasifier Ash Steam Air Clean-up Gas turbine Combustion chamber G Specific investment 550 /W fuel Power production cost 27 /MWh Assuming: Price for heat 13 /MWh Fuel cost 7.5 /MWh Full-load operating time 6500 h/a Economic lifetime 20 years Interest rate 5% Source: VTT (Kurela et al., 2003)

13 Source: Carbona Oy (2008)

14 BtL production one of the Finnish demonstration projects UPM-Kymmene Oy, Andritz Oy and Carbona Oy The production of syngas, gas cleaning and conditioning for F.-T.- application Testing program (5 MW th ) started near Chicago (Gas Institute of Technology) in USA in spring 2007 The design and negotiations about a commercial-scale biorefinery/btl production plant are ongoing. Two pulp and paper mill sites in Finland have been taen in consideration: Kymi Rauma Other demonstration projects Stora Enso & Neste Oil & Foster Wheeler & VTT Vapo/VapOil Choren Chemrec

15 BIOFUEL GASIFIER FEEDSTOCK REACTIVITY EXPLAINING THE DIFFERENCES AND CREATING PREDICTION MODELS In the project, a method is generated to predict the gasification behavior of biomass fuels in a gasification reactor The method should be based on reasonable cost and effort The results of the project will help to understand the differences in the gasification behavior of biomass fuels. An essential hypothesis in the project is that the decrease of the catalysis properties of biomass ash will decrease biomass char gasification reactivity and thus the final carbon conversion Partners University of Jyväsylä, VTT and Åbo Aademi University

16 Research in gasification CARBON CONVERSION PREDICTOR Feeds: Air Steam Fuels H 2 O O 2 N 2 Volatiles (C, H, O) Equilibrium composition ** CO CO 2 H 2 H 2 O FBG Carbon Conversion Char Fuel Samples Ultimate Analysis Proximate Analysis Char Reactivity (TGA) ** Pressure Temperature Bed Volume Kinetic Parameters for Char R C H O 2 1 1f 3 P 1f PH2O H2O 1b 3 P H2 R C CO2 1 1f 3 P 1f PCO2 CO2 1b 3 P CO

17 BIOFUEL GASIFIER FEEDSTOCK REACTIVITY EXPLAINING THE DIFFERENCES AND CREATING PREDICTION MODELS There are several subprojects with different objectives: a) Tests with thermogravimetric analyzer to generate the experimental data. - Several biomass fuels with industrial interest will be selected - Samples will be taen during testing from the original fuels and from their leftovers after testing. - Also some tests will be interrupted to tae samples from partly reacted materials b) SEM analysis and chemical fractionation of the samples taen in subproject a) c) Determination of inectic parameters d) The addition of inetic parameters as parts of the Carbon Conversion Predictor. Modeling efforts with the predictor to simulate the behavior of the fuels in a large-scale fluidized bed gasifier e) Gasification experiments (2-4 h) with 3 selected fuels in a bench-scale gasifier. The comparison of results with the lab-scale results and with the prections of the Carbon Conversion Predictor.

18 CONCLUSIONS Thermal conversion of biomass by combustion or gasification potential for many applications } } Power CHP Heat BIOREFINERY Value-added chemicals Liquid transport fuels Industrial-scale applications require still demonstration Biomass-based IGCC Biorefinery in connection with pulp and paper mill the most important development project by Finnish forest industry companies Some success in CHP in the scale of distributed energy production (such as in Sive, Denmar) Biomass gasification and combustion can give new opportunities in small-scale applications Micro-CHP, woody fuels hybrides (solar and/or windpower in integrated operation) University of Jyväsylä, Renewable energy programme Micro-CHP device in Vaajaosi RE-laboratory, wood pellet combustion Carbon conversion predictor - model development for fluidized bed gasifiers