THE SOLAR SYSTEM A GUIDE TO THE PLANETS AND THEIR MOONS
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1 THE SOLAR SYSTEM A GUIDE TO THE PLANETS AND THEIR MOONS
2 DISTANCE FROM THE SUN IN ORDER FROM CLOSEST TO FARTHEST Mercury: 5.79 x 10 7 km Venus: 1.08 x10 8 km Earth: 1.50 x10 8 km Mars: 2.28 x10 8 km Ceres: 4.14 x 10 8 km Jupiter: 7.78 x10 8 km Saturn: 1.43 x10 9 km Uranus: 2.87x10 9 km Neptune: 4.50x10 9 km Pluto: 5.90x10 9 km Haumea: 6.45x10 9 km Makemake: 6.85x10 9 km Eris: 1.02x10 10 km
3 THE SUN
4 THE SUN Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 5 km Period of Rotation: Because the Sun is a ball of gas it does not rotate as a rigid body and thus has two periods of rotation. Period of Rotation at the poles: 37 Earth days Period of Rotation at the equator: 26 Earth days
5 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF THE SUN Hydrogen 73.4% Helium 24.85% Oxygen 0.77% Carbon 0.29% Iron 0.16% Neon 0.12% Nitrogen 0.09% Silicon 0.07% Magnesium 0.05% Sulfur 0.10%
6 MERCURY
7 MERCURY Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 3 km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Mercury has no moons
8 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF MERCURY Oxygen 42% Sodium 29% Hydrogen 22% Helium 6% Potassium 0.5% Argon Carbon Dioxide Water Nitrogen Xenon
9 VENUS
10 VENUS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 3 km Period of Rotation: Earth days However, Venus rotates in the opposite direction of its orbital motion Period of Revolution: Earth days Venus has no moons
11 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF VENUS Carbon Dioxide 96.5% Nitrogen 3.5% Sulfur Dioxide Argon Water Carbon Monoxide Helium Neon
12 EARTH
13 EARTH Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 3 km Period of Rotation: hours Period of Revolution: 1 Earth year Atmospheric Composition: Oxygen(O 2 ), Nitrogen (N 2 ) Earth s natural satellites: The Moon
14 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF EARTH Nitrogen 78.08% Oxygen 20.95% Water ~1% Argon Carbon Dioxide Neon Helium Methane Krypton Hydrogen
15 THE MOON
16 THE MOON Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 3 km Period of Rotation: Earth hours Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Earth: ~3.844 x 10 5 kg
17 MARS
18 MARS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 3 km Period of Rotation: hours Period of Revolution: Earth days Atmospheric Composition: Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Nitrogen (N 2 ), Argon (Ar) Mars natural satellites: Phobos and Deimos
19 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF MARS Carbon Dioxide 95.32% Nitrogen 2.7% Argon 1.6% Oxygen 0.13% Carbon Monoxide 0.08% Water Nitrogen Oxide Neon Hydrogen-Deuterium-Oxygen Krypton
20 PHOBOS
21 PHOBOS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): 11.1 km (potato shape) Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Mars: ~9,376 km
22 DEIMOS
23 DEIMOS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): 6.2 km (tri-axial shape) Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Mars: ~23,458 km
24 CERES
25 CERES Density (Metric): 2.09 g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): 9.47 x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 2 km Period of Rotation: Earth hours Period of Revolution: 4.60 Earth years or Earth days
26 JUPITER
27 JUPITER Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 4 km Period of Rotation: hours Period of Revolution: 11.9 Earth years or Earth days Atmospheric Composition: Hydrogen(H 2 ), Helium (He) Jupiter has 50 natural satellites which includes: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto
28 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF JUPITER Molecular hydrogen 89.8% Helium 10.2% Methane Ammonia Hydrogen Deuteride Ethane Water Ammonia ice Water ice Ammonia Hydrosulfide
29 IO
30 IO Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km (tri-axial shape) Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Jupiter: ~421,800 km Atmosphere: Mainly sulfur dioxide
31 EUROPA
32 EUROPA Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): 1,560.8 km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Jupiter: ~671,100 km Atmosphere: Tenuous amounts of oxygen
33 GANYMEDE
34 GANYMEDE Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): 2,631.2 km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Jupiter: ~1,070,400 km Atmosphere: Tenuous amounts of oxygen
35 CALLISTO
36 CALLISTO Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): 2,410.3 km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Jupiter: ~1,882,700 km Atmosphere: Mainly carbon dioxide
37 SATURN
38 SATURN Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 4 km Period of Rotation: hours Period of Revolution: 29.5 Earth years or Earth days Atmospheric Composition: Hydrogen(H 2 ), Helium (He) Saturn has 53 natural satellites which includes: Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, Hyperion, and Iapetus
39 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF SATURN Molecular Hydrogen 96.3% Helium 3.25% Methane Ammonia Hydrogen Deuteride Ethane Ammonia ice Water ice Ammonia Hydrosulfide
40 MIMAS
41 MIMAS Density (Metric): 1.15 g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): 1.982x10 2 km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~185,539 km
42 ENCELADUS
43 ENCELADUS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~238,037 km Atmosphere: Mostly water with trace amounts of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane
44 TETHYS
45 TETHYS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~294,672 km
46 DIONE
47 DIONE Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~377,415 km
48 RHEA
49 RHEA Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~527,068 km
50 TITAN
51 TITAN Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): 2,574.7 km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~1,221,865 km Atmosphere: Mostly nitrogen and methane
52 HYPERION
53 HYPERION Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days in the direction opposite of revolution Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~1,500,934 km
54 IAPETUS
55 IAPETUS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Saturn: ~3,560,851 km
56 URANUS
57 URANUS Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 4 km Period of Rotation: Earth hours However, Uranus rotates in the opposite direction of its orbital motion Period of Revolution: 84 Earth years or Earth days Atmospheric Composition: Hydrogen(H 2 ), Helium (He), Methane (CH 4 ) Uranus has 27 natural satellites which includes: Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, Miranda
58 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF URANUS Molecular Hydrogen 82.5% Helium 15.2% Methane 2.3% Hydrogen Deuteride Ammonia ice water ice ammonia hydrosulfide methane ice
59 ARIEL
60 ARIEL Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Uranus: ~190,900 km
61 UMBRIEL
62 UMBRIEL Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Uranus: ~266,000 km
63 TITANIA
64 TITANIA Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Uranus: ~436,300 km
65 OBERON
66 OBERON Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Uranus: ~583,500 km
67 MIRANDA
68 MIRANDA Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 2 km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Uranus: ~129,900 km
69 NEPTUNE
70 NEPTUNE Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 4 km Period of Rotation: Earth hours Period of Revolution: 165 Earth years or Earth days Atmospheric Composition: Hydrogen(H 2 ), Helium (He), Methane (CH 4 ) Neptune has 13 natural satellites which includes : Triton
71 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF NEPTUNE Molecular Hydrogen 80.0% Helium 19.0% Methane 1.5% Hydrogen Deuteride Ethane Ammonia ice water ice ammonia hydrosulfide methane ice
72 TRITON
73 TRITON Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Neptune: ~354,759 km Atmosphere: Mostly nitrogen with trace amounts of methane and carbon monoxide.
74 PLUTO
75 PLUTO Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): x 10 3 km Period of Rotation: Earth hours or Earth days Period of Revolution: 248 Earth years or Earth days Atmospheric Composition: Methane and Nitrogen Pluto has 5 natural satellites which includes : Charon, Nix, and Hydra
76 CHARON
77 CHARON Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): x kg Radius(Metric): km Period of Rotation: Earth days Period of Revolution: Earth days Distance from the Pluto: ~17,536 km
78 HAUMEA
79 HAUMEA Density (Metric): 2.6 g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): kg Radius(Metric): ~650 km Period of Rotation: 3.91 Earth hours Period of Revolution: Earth years or Earth days Haumea has 2 natural satellites which: Namaka and Hi iaka
80 MAKEMAKE
81 MAKEMAKE Density (Metric): g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): ~ kg Radius(Metric): ~739 km Period of Rotation: ~ Earth hours Period of Revolution: Earth years or Earth days
82 ERIS
83 ERIS Density (Metric): ~2.52 g/cm 3 Mass (Metric): ~ kg Radius(Metric): ~1163 km Period of Rotation: 25.9 Earth hours Period of Revolution: Earth years or Earth days Eris has one natural satellite: Dysnomia
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