MONGOLS, TURKS AND MUGHALS T H E G U N P O W D E R K I N G D O M S
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1 MONGOLS, TURKS AND MUGHALS T H E G U N P O W D E R K I N G D O M S
2 MAP OF THE REGION Byzantine Empire was the old Eastern Roman Empire. Religion - Greek Orthodox Christians. The Ottoman Turks Religion Muslim.
3 OSMAN AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Osman I founder of the Ottoman Empire 1300 AD Osman I built his empire in modern day Turkey. The Ottoman Empire is named for Osman. The Ottomans were the 1 st to use gunpowder and cannons as weapons.
4 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Leaders were called Sultans = overlord or one with power. They were tolerant of other religions. Ghazis or princes followed a strict code of Islamic conduct and were allowed to raid the territories of infidels.
5 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE The Great Mosque of Damascus, Syria The Ottoman Empire was a family dynasty that ruled for 600 years. They were tolerant rulers and they allowed communities to follow their own religious laws, practices and customs.
6 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE A devshirme It was forbidden to enslave another Muslim. The Turks held a devshirme boy levy or gathering. Christian boys between the ages of were selected to serve as special slaves of the Ottoman Empire.
7 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE In Istanbul, the boys converted to Islam, were made eunuchs, educated and given training in the martial arts. The top performers became an elite guard of foot soldiers in the service of the sultan known as the janissaries.
8 MEHMET II - THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1453 Mehmet II or Mehmet the Conqueror assembled a force of 125 ships and 100,000 soldiers armed with his janissaries, gunpowder and the 1 st cannons to assault the Byzantine capital of Constantinople.
9 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE FALLS TO MEHMET II What evidence of a Gunpowder Kingdom do you see in this painting?
10 THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE FALLS TO MEHMET II The Byzantine Orthodox Christians in the East held out for 5 weeks, but finally, the Ottoman Turks broke through. The city was sacked and Hagia Sophia was turned into a Muslim mosque.
11 MEHMET II - OTTOMAN EMPIRE Mehmet II was an able ruler. He was tolerant of all peoples. He re-built the city of Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul. Istanbul became a multi-cultural nexus of people, cultures, and religions.
12 MEHMET II - OTTOMAN EMPIRE However, the Ottoman Turks now blocked the Spice trade from the East. This prompted European nations to search for an all-water route to the East.
13 SULEIMAN I- OTTOMAN EMPIRE Suleiman I, Suleiman the Magnificent or Suleiman the Lawgiver, was one of the more famous and capable Turkish rulers. He was known for his military successes, the splendor of his court and his cultural achievements.
14 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE REVIEW Can you name the top 3 rulers of the Ottoman Turks? Which one took Constantinople? Which one is known for his wisdom and laws? Which one is the Ottoman Empire named for?
15 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE FALLS After 600 years of rule, during World War I , the Ottoman Turks sided with the Central Powers (the German side), against the Allies. The Central Powers lost, and the Ottoman Empire fell.
16 TIMUR THE LAME OR TAMERLANE 1400 s - Turkish rule was interrupted by an Islamic fundamentalist named Timur the Lame or Tamerlane. He claimed to be of the bloodline of Genghis Khan. He believed the Turkish sultans were too tolerant of Hindus.
17 TIMUR THE LAME OR TAMERLANE Tamerlane swept in New Delhi, India, and slaughtered over 100,000 Hindus. He replaced the Great Laws of Genghis Khan with sharia a belief in the moral code and religious law of Islam. Islam was firmly established in N. India.
18 TIMUR THE LAME OR TAMERLANE Why might Tamerlane s Empire practice the religion of Islam? Which regions might Tamerlane go to war with and why?
19 TIMUR S DESCENDANTS THE MUGHAL RULERS OF N. INDIA - BABUR Babur, 1 st Mughal Emperor AD - 17 brutal campaigns were fought between Hindus and Muslims. Muslim Sultans treated Hindus as conquered people. Finally, in 1526, Babur, a more tolerant descendant of Timur, defeated the sultan of Delhi. Babur was the 1 st Mughal Emperor.
20 MUGHAL RULERS OF INDIA AKBAR THE GREAT 1560 s - He was the Great One, - known for his tolerance of other religions and his wisdom. He did not overtax the Hindus. He ruled a unified India of over 100 million people. His country was larger than all European nations combined. Akbar the Great above
21 MUGHAL RULERS OF INDIA SHAH JAHAN Akbar s grandson, Shah Jahan, took the throne by killing all his rivals. He had 2 passions building, and his wife, Mumtaz Mahal. When she died, he built her a tomb that was to be as beautiful as she was. It was the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan
22 MUGHAL RULERS OF INDIA SHAH JAHAN AND THE TAJ MAHAL Described as Islamic art and architecture in Indiathe Taj Mahal. It took 22 years to build. 20,000 workers toiled daily on the world s most famous tomb. Over 1,000 elephants brought in white marble, and over 28 precious stones for the design.
23 INDIA AND IMPERIALISM By the 1600 s, the Dutch, Portuguese, French and British all wanted control of the valuable spice trade coming out of India. By the 1850 s, Great Britain gained control of India and made it the Jewel in their crown. India would not be free again until Mohatama Gandhi, pictured here, will lead India s move for freedom from the British.
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