Course Syllabus Anatomy and Physiology I, BIOL 2401

Transcription

1 Semester with Course Reference Number (CRN) Instructor contact information Fall, Course Syllabus Anatomy and Physiology I, BIOL 2401 Konstantin Galaktionov, Ph.D Office Location and Hours Course Location/Times Course Semester Credit Hours (SCH) (lecture, lab) If applicable Total Course Contact Hours By appointment Tue and Thu 11:00 am- 2:00 pm Felix Morales Building, room 224 (Tue) and room 208 (Thu) 6815 Rustic, Houston, TX Credit Hours 4.00 Lecture Hours 4.00 Laboratory Hours Course Length Type of Instruction Course Description: 16 weeks On campus lectures instruction and Labs The objective of this course is to give the students the basic knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, especially for those entering allied health sciences. In this course we will be covering chapters Topics will include introduction, chemical composition, structure and function of cells, tissues and organ systems, including

2 integumetary, skeletal, muscular and nervous systems. Core curriculum course. Course Prerequisite(s) College-level reading (or take GUST 0342) and College-level writing (or take ENGL 0310/0349) Academic Discipline/CTE Program Learning Outcomes Course Student Learning Outcomes (SLO): 1. Explain the importance of studying anatomy and physiology; identify basic study skill strategies to use in this course; define anatomy and physiology, describe the origins of anatomical and physiological terms, and explain the significance of Terminologia Anatomica (International Anatomical Terminology). Explain the relationship between anatomy and physiology, and describe various specialties of each discipline; identify the major levels of organization in organisms, from the simplest to the most complex, and identify major components of each organ system; explain the concept of homeostasis. Describe how negative feedback and positive feedback are involved in homeostatic regulation, and explain the significance of homeostasis; use anatomical terms to describe body sections, body regions, and relative positions; identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions, and describe the functions of each. Describe an atom and how atomic structure affects interactions between atoms; compare the ways in which atoms combine to form molecules and compounds; distinguish among the major types of chemical reactions that are important for studying physiology; describe the crucial role of enzymes in metabolism. Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds; explain how the chemical properties of water make life possible; discuss the importance of ph and the role of buffers in body fluids; describe the physiological roles of inorganic compounds; discuss the structures and functions of carbohydrates. Discuss the structures and functions of lipids; discuss the structures and functions of proteins; discuss the structures and functions of nucleic acids; discuss the structures and functions of high-energy compounds; explain the relationship between chemicals and cells. List the functions of the plasma membrane and the structural features that enable it to perform those functions; describe the organelles of a typical cell, and indicate the specific functions of each; explain the functions of the cell nucleus and discuss the nature and importance of the genetic code; summarize the role of DNA in protein synthesis, cell structure, and cell function. Describe the

3 processes of cellular diffusion and osmosis, and explain their role in physiological systems; describe carrier-mediated transport and vesicular transport mechanisms used by cells to facilitate the absorption or removal of specific substances; explain the origin and significance of the transmembrane potential. Describe the stages of the cell life cycle, including mitosis, interphase, and cytokinesis, and explain their significance; discuss the regulation of the cell life cycle; discuss the relationship between cell division and cancer; define differentiation, and explain its importance. 2. Identify the four major types of tissues in the body and describe their roles; discuss the types and functions of epithelial tissue; describe the relationship between form and function for each type of epithelium; compare the structures and functions of the various types of connective tissues; describe how cartilage and bone function as a supporting connective tissue; explain how epithelial and connective tissues combine to form four types of tissue membranes, and specify the functions of each; describe how connective tissue establishes the framework of the body. Describe the three types of muscle tissue and the special structural features of each type; discuss the basic structure and role of neural tissue; describe how injuries affect the tissues of the body; describe how aging affects the tissues of the body. Describe the main structural features of the epidermis, and explain the functional significance of each; explain what accounts for individual differences in skin color, and discuss the response of melanocytes to sunlight exposure; describe the interaction between sunlight and vitamin D3 production; describe the roles of epidermal growth factor. Describe the structure and functions of the dermis; describe the structure and functions of the hypodermis; describe the mechanisms that produce hair, and explain the structural basis for hair texture and color. Discuss the various kinds of glands in the skin, and list the secretions of those glands; describe the anatomical structure of nails, and explain how they are formed; explain how the skin responds to injury and repairs itself; summarize the effects of aging on the skin. Describe the primary functions of the skeletal system; classify bones according to shape and internal organization, giving examples of each type, and explain the functional significance of each of the major types of bone markings; identify the cell types in bone, and list their major functions. Compare the structures and functions of compact bone and spongy bone; compare the mechanisms of endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification; describe the remodeling and homeostatic mechanisms of the skeletal system; discuss the effects of exercise, hormones, and nutrition on bone development and on the skeletal system. Explain the role of calcium as it relates to the skeletal system; describe the types of fractures, and explain how fractures heal; summarize the effects of the aging process on the skeletal system.

4 3. Identify the bones of the axial skeleton, and specify their functions; identify the bones of the cranium and face, and explain the significance of the markings on the individual bones; identify the foramina and fissures of the skull, and cite the major structures using the passageways; describe the structure and functions of the orbital complex, nasal complex, and paranasal sinuses. Describe the key structural differences among the skulls of infants, children, and adults; identify and describe the curvatures of the spinal column, and indicate the function of each; identify the vertebral regions, and describe the distinctive structural and functional characteristics of vertebrae in each region; explain the significance of the articulations between the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs, and between the ribs and sternum. Identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs); identify bones functions and their superficial features. Summarize sex differences and age-related changes in the human skeleton. Contrast the major categories of joints, and explain the relationship between structure and function for each category; describe the basic structure of a synovial joint, and describe common synovial joint accessory structures and their functions; describe how the anatomical and functional properties of synovial joints permit movements of the skeleton; describe the articulations between the vertebrae of the vertebral column. Describe the structure and function of the shoulder joint and the elbow joint; describe the structure and function of the hip joint and the knee joint; describe the effects of aging on articulations, and discuss the most common age-related clinical problems for articulations; explain the functional relationships between the skeletal system and other body systems. 4. Specify the functions of skeletal muscle tissue; describe the organization of muscle at the tissue level; explain the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers, and identify the structural components of a sarcomere; identify the components of the neuromuscular junction, summarize the events involved in the neural control skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. Describe the mechanism responsible for tension production in a muscle fiber, and compare the different types of muscle contraction; describe the mechanisms by which muscle fibers obtain the energy to power contractions; relate the types of muscle fibers to muscle performance, and distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic endurance. Identify the structural and functional differences between skeletal muscle fibers and cardiac muscle cells; identify the structural and functional differences between skeletal muscle fibers and smooth muscle cells, and discuss the roles of smooth muscle tissue in systems throughout the body. Describe the arrangement of fascicles in the various types of muscles, and explain the resulting functional differences; describe the classes of levers, and explain how they make muscles more efficient; predict the

5 actions of a muscle on the basis of its origin and insertion, and explain how muscles interact to produce or oppose movements; explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its location, appearance, or function. Identify the principal axial muscles of the body, plus their origins, insertions, actions, and innervation; identify the principal appendicular muscles of the body, plus their origins, insertions, actions, and innervation, and compare the major functional differences between the upper and lower limbs; identify age-related changes of the muscular system. Explain the functional relationship between the muscular system and other body systems, and explain the role of exercise in producing various responses in other body systems. 5. Describe the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system; sketch and label the structure of a typical neuron, describe the functions of each component, and classify neurons on the basis of their structure and function; describe the locations and functions of the various types of neuroglia. Explain how the resting potential is created and maintained; describe the events involved in the generation and propagation of an action potential; discuss the factors that affect the speed with which action potentials are propagated. Describe the structure of a synapse, and explain the mechanism involved in synaptic activity; describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes; discuss the interactions that enable information processing to occur in neural tissue. Describe the basic structural and organizational characteristics of the nervous system; discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord, and describe the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system; explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands; describe the major components of a spinal nerve, and relate the distribution pattern of spinal nerves to the regions they innervate. Discuss the significance of neuronal pools, and describe the major patterns of interaction among neurons within and among these pools; describe the steps in a neural reflex, and classify the types of reflexes; distinguish among the types of motor responses produced by various reflexes, and explain how reflexes interact to produce complex behaviors; explain how higher centers control and modify reflex responses. Name the major brain regions, vesicles, and ventricles, and describe the locations and functions of each; explain how the brain is protected and supported, and discuss the formation, circulation, and function of cerebrospinal fluid; describe the anatomical differences between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, and identify the main components and functions of the medulla oblongata. List the main components of the pons, and specify the functions of

6 each; list the main components of the cerebellum, and specify the functions of each; list the main components of the midbrain, and specify the functions of each; list the main components of the diencephalon, and specify the functions of each. Identify the main components of the limbic system, and specify the locations and functions of each; identify the major anatomical subdivisions and functions of the cerebrum, and discuss the origin and significance of the major types brain waves seen in an electroencephalogram; describe representative examples of cranial reflexes that produce somatic responses or visceral responses to specific stimuli. 6. Specify the components of the afferent and efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous system; explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity; identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they function. Identify the major sensory pathways, and explain how it is possible to distinguish among sensations that originate in different areas of the body; describe the components, processes, and functions of the somatic motor pathways, and the levels of information processing involved in motor control. Compare the organization of the autonomic nervous system with that of the somatic nervous system; describe the structures and functions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; describe the mechanisms of sympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects on target organs and tissues. Describe the structures and functions of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; describe the mechanisms of parasympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects on target organs and tissues; discuss the functional significance of dual innervation and autonomic tone; describe the hierarchy of interacting levels of control in the autonomic nervous system, including the significance of visceral reflexes. 7. Describe the sensory organs of smell, trace the olfactory pathways to their destinations in the brain, and explain the physiological basis of olfactory discrimination; describe the sensory organs of taste, trace the gustatory pathways to their destinations in the brain, and explain the physiological basis of gustatory discrimination; identify the internal and accessory structures of the eye, and explain the functions of each. Explain color and depth perception, describe how light stimulates the production of nerve impulses, and trace the visual pathways to their destinations in the brain; identify the internal and accessory structures of the eye, and explain the functions of each. Learning Objectives Explain the importance of studying anatomy and physiology; identify

7 basic study skill strategies to use in this course; define anatomy and physiology, describe the origins of anatomical and physiological terms, and explain the significance of Terminologia Anatomica (International Anatomical Terminology). Explain the relationship between anatomy and physiology, and describe various specialties of each discipline; identify the major levels of organization in organisms, from the simplest to the most complex, and identify major components of each organ system; explain the concept of homeostasis. Describe how negative feedback and positive feedback are involved in homeostatic regulation, and explain the significance of homeostasis; use anatomical terms to describe body sections, body regions, and relative positions; identify the major body cavities and their subdivisions, and describe the functions of each. Describe an atom and how atomic structure affects interactions between atoms; compare the ways in which atoms combine to form molecules and compounds; distinguish among the major types of chemical reactions that are important for studying physiology; describe the crucial role of enzymes in metabolism. Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds; explain how the chemical properties of water make life possible; discuss the importance of ph and the role of buffers in body fluids; describe the physiological roles of inorganic compounds; discuss the structures and functions of carbohydrates. Discuss the structures and functions of lipids; discuss the structures and functions of proteins; discuss the structures and functions of nucleic acids; discuss the structures and functions of high-energy compounds; explain the relationship between chemicals and cells. List the functions of the plasma membrane and the structural features that enable it to perform those functions; describe the organelles of a typical cell, and indicate the specific functions of each; explain the functions of the cell nucleus and discuss the nature and importance of the genetic code; summarize the role of DNA in protein synthesis, cell structure, and cell function. Describe the processes of cellular diffusion and osmosis, and explain their role in physiological systems; describe carrier-mediated transport and vesicular transport mechanisms used by cells to facilitate the absorption or removal of specific substances; explain the origin and significance of the transmembrane potential. Describe the stages of the cell life cycle, including mitosis, interphase, and cytokinesis, and explain their significance; discuss the regulation of the cell life cycle; discuss the relationship between cell division and cancer; define differentiation, and explain its importance. Identify the four major types of tissues in the body and describe their roles; discuss the types and functions of epithelial tissue; describe the relationship between form and function for each type of epithelium; compare the structures and functions of the various types of

8 connective tissues; describe how cartilage and bone function as a supporting connective tissue; explain how epithelial and connective tissues combine to form four types of tissue membranes, and specify the functions of each; describe how connective tissue establishes the framework of the body. Describe the three types of muscle tissue and the special structural features of each type; discuss the basic structure and role of neural tissue; describe how injuries affect the tissues of the body; describe how aging affects the tissues of the body. Describe the main structural features of the epidermis, and explain the functional significance of each; explain what accounts for individual differences in skin color, and discuss the response of melanocytes to sunlight exposure; describe the interaction between sunlight and vitamin D3 production; describe the roles of epidermal growth factor. Describe the structure and functions of the dermis; describe the structure and functions of the hypodermis; describe the mechanisms that produce hair, and explain the structural basis for hair texture and color. Discuss the various kinds of glands in the skin, and list the secretions of those glands; describe the anatomical structure of nails, and explain how they are formed; explain how the skin responds to injury and repairs itself; summarize the effects of aging on the skin. Describe the primary functions of the skeletal system; classify bones according to shape and internal organization, giving examples of each type, and explain the functional significance of each of the major types of bone markings; identify the cell types in bone, and list their major functions. Compare the structures and functions of compact bone and spongy bone; compare the mechanisms of endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification; describe the remodeling and homeostatic mechanisms of the skeletal system; discuss the effects of exercise, hormones, and nutrition on bone development and on the skeletal system. Explain the role of calcium as it relates to the skeletal system; describe the types of fractures, and explain how fractures heal; summarize the effects of the aging process on the skeletal system. Identify the bones of the axial skeleton, and specify their functions; identify the bones of the cranium and face, and explain the significance of the markings on the individual bones; identify the foramina and fissures of the skull, and cite the major structures using the passageways; describe the structure and functions of the orbital complex, nasal complex, and paranasal sinuses. Describe the key structural differences among the skulls of infants, children, and adults; identify and describe the curvatures of the spinal column, and indicate the function of each; identify the vertebral regions, and describe the distinctive structural and functional characteristics of vertebrae in each region; explain the significance of the articulations between the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs, and between the ribs and sternum. Identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle, upper

9 limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs); identify bones functions and their superficial features. Summarize sex differences and age-related changes in the human skeleton. Contrast the major categories of joints, and explain the relationship between structure and function for each category; describe the basic structure of a synovial joint, and describe common synovial joint accessory structures and their functions; describe how the anatomical and functional properties of synovial joints permit movements of the skeleton; describe the articulations between the vertebrae of the vertebral column. Describe the structure and function of the shoulder joint and the elbow joint; describe the structure and function of the hip joint and the knee joint; describe the effects of aging on articulations, and discuss the most common age-related clinical problems for articulations; explain the functional relationships between the skeletal system and other body systems. Specify the functions of skeletal muscle tissue; describe the organization of muscle at the tissue level; explain the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers, and identify the structural components of a sarcomere; identify the components of the neuromuscular junction, summarize the events involved in the neural control skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. Describe the mechanism responsible for tension production in a muscle fiber, and compare the different types of muscle contraction; describe the mechanisms by which muscle fibers obtain the energy to power contractions; relate the types of muscle fibers to muscle performance, and distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic endurance. Identify the structural and functional differences between skeletal muscle fibers and cardiac muscle cells; identify the structural and functional differences between skeletal muscle fibers and smooth muscle cells, and discuss the roles of smooth muscle tissue in systems throughout the body. Describe the arrangement of fascicles in the various types of muscles, and explain the resulting functional differences; describe the classes of levers, and explain how they make muscles more efficient; predict the actions of a muscle on the basis of its origin and insertion, and explain how muscles interact to produce or oppose movements; explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its location, appearance, or function. Identify the principal axial muscles of the body, plus their origins, insertions, actions, and innervation; identify the principal appendicular muscles of the body, plus their origins, insertions, actions, and innervation, and compare the major functional differences between the upper and lower limbs; identify age-related changes of the muscular system. Explain the functional relationship between the muscular system and other body systems, and explain the role of exercise in producing various responses in other body systems. Describe the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous

10 system; sketch and label the structure of a typical neuron, describe the functions of each component, and classify neurons on the basis of their structure and function; describe the locations and functions of the various types of neuroglia. Explain how the resting potential is created and maintained; describe the events involved in the generation and propagation of an action potential; discuss the factors that affect the speed with which action potentials are propagated. Describe the structure of a synapse, and explain the mechanism involved in synaptic activity; describe the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and discuss their effects on postsynaptic membranes; discuss the interactions that enable information processing to occur in neural tissue. Describe the basic structural and organizational characteristics of the nervous system; discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord, and describe the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system; explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands; describe the major components of a spinal nerve, and relate the distribution pattern of spinal nerves to the regions they innervate. Discuss the significance of neuronal pools, and describe the major patterns of interaction among neurons within and among these pools; describe the steps in a neural reflex, and classify the types of reflexes; distinguish among the types of motor responses produced by various reflexes, and explain how reflexes interact to produce complex behaviors; explain how higher centers control and modify reflex responses. Name the major brain regions, vesicles, and ventricles, and describe the locations and functions of each; explain how the brain is protected and supported, and discuss the formation, circulation, and function of cerebrospinal fluid; describe the anatomical differences between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, and identify the main components and functions of the medulla oblongata. List the main components of the pons, and specify the functions of each; list the main components of the cerebellum, and specify the functions of each; list the main components of the midbrain, and specify the functions of each; list the main components of the diencephalon, and specify the functions of each. Identify the main components of the limbic system, and specify the locations and functions of each; identify the major anatomical subdivisions and functions of the cerebrum, and discuss the origin and significance of the major types brain waves seen in an electroencephalogram; describe representative examples of cranial reflexes that produce somatic responses or visceral responses to specific stimuli. Specify the components of the afferent and efferent divisions of the nervous system, and explain what is meant by the somatic nervous

11 system; explain why receptors respond to specific stimuli, and how the organization of a receptor affects its sensitivity; identify the receptors for the general senses, and describe how they function. Identify the major sensory pathways, and explain how it is possible to distinguish among sensations that originate in different areas of the body; describe the components, processes, and functions of the somatic motor pathways, and the levels of information processing involved in motor control. Compare the organization of the autonomic nervous system with that of the somatic nervous system; describe the structures and functions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; describe the mechanisms of sympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects on target organs and tissues. Describe the structures and functions of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system; describe the mechanisms of parasympathetic neurotransmitter release and their effects on target organs and tissues; discuss the functional significance of dual innervation and autonomic tone; describe the hierarchy of interacting levels of control in the autonomic nervous system, including the significance of visceral reflexes. Describe the sensory organs of smell, trace the olfactory pathways to their destinations in the brain, and explain the physiological basis of olfactory discrimination; describe the sensory organs of taste, trace the gustatory pathways to their destinations in the brain, and explain the physiological basis of gustatory discrimination; identify the internal and accessory structures of the eye, and explain the functions of each. Explain color and depth perception, describe how light stimulates the production of nerve impulses, and trace the visual pathways to their destinations in the brain; identify the internal and accessory structures of the eye, and explain the functions of each. SCANS and/or Core Curriculum Competencies: If applicable Course Calendar Week Chapter Lecture content Lab exercise 1; Aug 28, 1, 2 Introduction to Anatomy and Safety rules, and 30 Physiology; The chemical level of 1-the organization 2; Sep 4, 6 3, 4 The cellular level of organization; The tissue level of organization microscope; 2-Anatomic terminology 3; Sep 11, 13 5 The integumetary system; 3, The tissues 4; Sep 18, 20 N/A Review chapters 1-5 Lecture Exam 1 (Chapters 1-5)- 4, The integumetary

12 20 Lecture Exam 1 (Chapters 1-5)- Sep 20 5; Sep 25, 6 Osseous tissue and bone 27 structure; 6; Oct 2, 4 7, 8 The axial skeleton; The appendicular skeleton integumetary system Lecture Exam review; 5, The skeletal system: basic information 6, The skeletal system: axial 7; Oct 9, 11 9 Articulations 7, The skeletal system: appendicular 8; Oct 16, 18 9; Oct 23, 25 N/A Review chapters 6-9 Lecture Exam 2 (Chapters 6-9)- Oct 18 10, 11 Muscle tissue; The muscular system Lab exam 1 (Exercises 1-7), Oct 16 Lecture Exam review 8, Joints 10; Oct 30, Nov 1 12, 13 Neural tissue; The spinal cord, Spinal nerves and spinal reflexes 11; Nov 6, 8 N/A Review chapters Lecture exam 3 (Chapters 10-13)-Nov 8 9, Muscle structure 10, Muscle physiology 12; Nov 13, The brain and cranial nerves Review Lecture exam 13; Nov 20 N/A Thanksgiving (no class) 11, Spinal cord, spinal nerves and reflexes 14; Nov 27, 29 15, 16 Neural integration I; Neural integration II 12, Brain and cranial nerves 15; Dec 4, 6 17 The special senses 13, Special Finals N/A Final Lecture exam (Chapters 1-17)-Dec 13 senses Lab exam 2 (Exercises 8-13)-Dec 11 Lab exercise schedule could be altered due to the equipment s availability at the time. Instructional Methods I feel that it is my responsibility to provide you with knowledge concerning anatomy and physiology of the human body. The study of anatomy requires your familiarization with anatomical and physiological terms and understanding of body parts and systems locations and functions. As an instructor, I want my students to be successful. It is your responsibility, however, to read the textbook, submit assignments when required, study for the exams, participate in classroom activities, attend class and labs regularly, and enjoy

13 yourself while experiencing the real world of education. You are required to be prepared before coming for each class. The preparation includes reading the relevant chapters of the textbook, class notes and preview the practice chapter quizzes. Please remember that attendance is your responsibility and is mandatory. You will be responsible for all work that was done in class, even if you were absent, so try NOT to be absent. It is very hard to catch up! A student who accumulates 4 or more unexcused absences may be administratively withdrawn. Habitual tardiness will not be tolerated. Final grade of students who are often late will be affected. Devote a block of time each day for your A&P course. Set up a study schedule and stick to it (do not procrastinate). Develop the skill of memorization and practice it regularly. As soon as you experience difficulties with the course, seek assistance. I will help you with understanding of difficult concepts during class, but I will feel no guilt to fail a student who did not put up required effort to prepare for exams and did not answer exam questions adequately. During lectures and labs, you will be involved in discussions with your classmates and your instructor. As you will want to contribute to these discussions, you will need to come to class prepared to discuss, analyze and evaluate information from your textbook and other assigned readings. Student Assignments Assignments (quizzes) will be periodically given to test the understanding of the current study material (chapters) Student Assessment(s) There will be four exams to access student s understanding of the basic concepts introduced by each content unit. The assessment method will be based on a multiple-choice test. Each test will have multiple-choice questions. Lecture exams again, there will be four lecture exams (three regular lecture exams and the final lecture exam) during each semester. The final exam is on all lecture material (chapters 1-17). See your syllabus for dates, hours and place of the examination. You will be given a maximum of hours to complete your exam. If you are late for a lecture exam, you will be allowed to take the exam as long as no student has completed the exam and left the room. You will get only the remaining time to complete your exam. One of the lecture exams with the lowest score (not final) will be dropped. If, for whatever reason, you miss one exam (other than final), that exam will automatically become your drop exam. If, for whatever reason, you miss a second exam, it will be counted as a zero score.

14 Program/Discipline Requirements: If applicable NO MAKE-UP EXAM WILL BE GIVEN. Lab exams there will be two exams (lab exam 1 & 2). Everyone has to start the lab exam at the same time. No one will be allowed late for the lab exam. Scholastic Integrity: CHEATING IS NOT PERMITTED. If it occurs, the student will receive a zero for the exam or a grade F in the course. Grades will not be posted anytime during the semester. You may receive your final grade at the end of the semester on-line. Proper identification is required to receive the final grade. HCC System Office will mail the transcripts to you after the information has been entered in the computer. Quiz and self-testing: There will be a practice assignment/quizz (self-testing style) in each chapter materials. Please read class notes, textbook and preview these practice quizzes before go to the class. These quizzes will help you prepare for the class and will not be counted as your grade. HCC Grading Scale A = points per semester hour B = 89-80: C = 79-70: D = 69-60: 3 points per semester hour 2 points per semester hour 1 point per semester hour 59 and below = F 0 points per semester hour IP (In Progress) W(Withdrawn) I (Incomplete) AUD (Audit) 0 points per semester hour 0 points per semester hour 0 points per semester hour 0 points per semester hour IP (In Progress) is given only in certain developmental courses. The student must re-enroll to receive credit. COM (Completed) is given in non-credit and continuing education courses. To compute grade point average (GPA), divide the total grade points by the total number of semester hours attempted. The grades "IP," "COM" and "I" do not affect GPA. See "Health Science Program/Discipline Requirements" for grading scale. Instructor Grading Criteria GRADE COMPUTING. Lecture exams, (3x100) 300 Lab practical exams (2x50)

15 Lab reports (bonus 8-10 points) A= B= C= D= F= Below 240 Instructional Materials Textbook: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath and Edwin F. Bartholomew Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 9 th Edition: Benjamin Cummings, Lab Manual: Ed by Jane Johnson-Murray and Joti R. Wagle Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Manual for HCCS, 4 th edition. Online study materials: HCC Policy Statement: Access Student Services Policies on their Web site: Distance Education and/or Continuing Education Policies Access DE Policies on their Web site: Access CE Policies on their Web site: f