Waste to Energy in Finland. Esko Jäälinoja

Transcription

1 Waste to Energy in Finland Esko Jäälinoja

2 ÅF Group; Facts at a glance In 2013 Number of assignments: ÅF performs 30,000 assignments for 10,000 clients Turnover: over 900 MEUR Number of ÅF offices: over 100 Number of employees: over 7,000 Independent engineering and consulting company

3 Waste to Energy Consulting Basic design and technical solutions for waste-to-energy, sludge and co-incineration applications Waste management and Environmental studies Project management and engineering services for design and constructing of a waste-to-energy plant Over 2 million tons of waste per annum incinerated in ÅF Finland designed WtoE plants Projects in Finland, Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Russia, South Korea. ÅF manages different plant solutions as well as combustion and flue gas cleaning technologies. 3

4 Selected WtoE Consulting Assignments Oulu/ FINLAND (Laanilan Voima) EPCM Service (10 12) CHP plant 120 kt/a. Riihimäki/ FINLAND Kotka /FINLAND (Ekokem) (Kotka Energia) EPCM Services (05 07) EPCM Services (06 08) WtE plant (150 kt/a) WtE CHP plant Pre-eng for Line #2 ( 100 kt/a) (WtECHP 100 kt/a) Tallinn/ ESTONIA (Eesti Energia Iru) OE Services (08-13) 240 kt/a WtE CHP Plant Klaipeda /LITHUANIA (Fortum) EPCM Services (09-13) WtE CHP Plant, 272 kt/a Eneco / Holland OE Services (11-14) Bio/WtE plant (50 MWe) Fortum Klaipeda/ LITHUANIA EPCM Services (09--13) WtE Project 1800 MWe Tarastenjärvi /FINLAND (Tammervoima) EPCM Services (12- ) WtE CHP 150 kt/a 4

5 Waste to Energy in Finland Factors which promote utilising waste as energy in Finland: + Targets to decrease waste depositing to landfills +Waste is renewable energy source and it can replace fossil fuels +National waste plan 2016->31 % of MSW should be utilised as energy in Three WtoE plants in operation, experiences have been positive Factors which trouble utilising waste as energy in Finland: Costs of landfilling are low (but increasing) Complaints against environmental permits and problems with land use permissions cause delays Local people are against plants because of suspicion on flue gas emissions, increase of traffic and odours of the waste storages Thoughts that recycling will decrease and intentions to minimise waste production would fail 5

6 Waste to Energy in Finland Challenges in waste to energy project development: Costs of landfilling are low (but increasing) -> WtoE plant feasibility low Permitting procedure time consuming (Complaints against environmental permits and problems with land use permissions) -> Delays in project implementation Local people are against plants because of suspicion on flue gas emissions, increase of traffic and odours of the waste storages -> Complaints -> Delays Waste quality unknown or poor in many countries, no source separation and a lot of impurities in waste -> Challenges in plant design (auxiliary firing may be needed -> lower feasibility) In some countries the owner of the waste is unclear or there are many owners -> Waste contracts difficult to make. Securing waste to the plant is essential to feasibility 6

7 Waste to Energy Power Plant CASE: Kotka Energy HYÖTYVOIMALA CHP-plant

8 Hyötyvoimala project; basis The Client, Kotkan Energia Oy, has a fuel strategy to move towards local fuels, and Hyötyvoimala project is a natural continuum for this strategic target. BENEFITS: Save purchasing cost of Russian natural gas MWh, equal to 3,0 M. Decrease waste flow to landfill to less than 1/3 compared to initial situation Jobs for 13 new workers Competitive energy solution Protects local industry from moving away

9 Fuels Source separated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collected from south-east Finland Different fractions (bio waste, recyclables and problem waste) are separated from combustible fractions at the source Collected in plastic bags. Quality control at sources, transfer stations and on CHP fuel receiving Also industrial waste created in industrial processes of Sonoco- Alcore Capacity max t/a

10 The Chosen Plant Concept Fuel power 34 MW (Steam pressure 40 bar, temperature 400 C, Fuel heating value 11,4 MJ/kg) Combined Heat and Power Plant with Grate incineration technology Availability >8100 h/year Only source separated waste fractions are accepted Natural gas as start-up and support fuel Old gas fired steam boilerwillremain as auxiliary boiler Manning 8-13 workers in 5 shifts

11 Plant Output & Investment Plant output: Electric output Process steam output District heat output Condensing effect CAPEX 60 M OPEX 5,9 M /a 4 9 MW MW 4 20 MW MW

12 Mechanical Pre-Treatment Source-separated fractions (plastics, wood) MSW Large fraction (> mm) magnet 1. trommel 2. trommel Air classifier magnet Al separator ferrous metals Organic fraction (< mm) glass, stones aluminium RDF 12

13 13 Lay out

14 Flue gas cleaning SNCR + Semidry flue gas cleaning has been reliable in operation The emission limits are cleary kept with margin 14

15 Semidry FGT Emission limit values 100 % EU-limits, 100% MSW SNCR semidry Reliable compliance with the emission limit values specified in WID Inlet temp C 15 Emission limit values 50 % of EU-limits, IED = next BAT-Bref SNCR semidry A single wet scrubber + possibly a condenser can be connected downstream to ensure reliable compliance with 50% of the emission values specified in WID (next BAT), mostly needed to lower HCl emissions Part of scrubber waste water can be used in semidry mixer after neutralisation, WWTP needed if max condensing effect is feasible Lime SR can be lowered by some % saving lime and land fill cost

16 250 Average concentrations of flue gas emissions in 2009 and 2010 Waste-to-Energy Plant Kotka Emission limit value CO SO2 Nox Dust TOC HCl HF Cd+Tl Hg Other metals PCDD/F 16

17 Preliminary time schedule Preliminary time schedule of a WtE Plant Phase Studies Feasibility study EIA Process Preparation of EIA Programme (5 months) Preparation of EIA (6 months) Waste competition Waste handling tendering Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Environmental permit Licensing of Environmental Permit (3 months) Handling and complaints (10 months) Pre-engineering Pre-engineering (6 months) Contracts for main equipment Execution Engineering and construction (26-30 months) complaints 17

18 Waste to Energy in Finland Summary: There is not only one technical concept which is suitable for waste to energy power plants The content of the fuel and requirements of flue gas emissions are the main factors for the plant concept The time used for project development, basic design and permitting process will pay back during implementation and operation phases 18

19 THANK YOU! Contact: ÅF-Group UBC II Building, 24 Floor, 591 Sukhumvit Road, North Klongton, Wattana, Bangkok THAILAND Phone: Fax: