The Vietnam War and Its Impact on American Culture. Alan B. Grindal
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2 The Vietnam War and Its Impact on American Culture Alan B. Grindal
3 Vietnam is still with us. It has created doubts about American judgment, about American credibility, about American power- not only at home, but throughout the world. So we paid an exorbitant price for the decisions that were made in good faith and for good purpose. Henry Kissinger We would have fought for 100 years, regardless of costs. In war there are two factors-weapons and human beings. In the end it is human beings that are the decisive factor. We sought to break the will of the American government. General Giap
4 For too long, we have lived with the Vietnam Syndrome---it is time we recognize that ours was, in truth, a noble cause. There is a lesson for all of us in Vietnam. If we are forced to fight, we must have the means and determination to prevail. Ronald Reagan 1980 The Vietnam war shattered the central tenet of American national identity- The broad faith that the United States is a unique source of good in the world. The war exposed American exceptionalism as a dangerous myth. Christian Appy: American Reckoning 2015
5 Recommended Reading America s War in Vietnam: A Short History. Larry Addington. (2000) Vietnam: A History. Stanley Karnow ( 1983 ) Embers of War. Fredrik Logevall ( 2012 ) American Reckoning. Christian Appy ( 2015 ) The Quiet American. Graham Greene ( 1955 ) Dispatches. Micheal Herr ( 1977 )
6 Movies and Documentaries Apocalypse Now ( 1979 ) The Deer Hunter ( 1979) Coming Home ( 1978 ) Platoon ( 1986 ) Rambo First Blood Part 2 (1985 ) Hearts and Minds ( 1974 ) The Fog of War ( 2004 ) The Last Days of Vietnam ( 2014 )
7 Outline Origins and French Colonial History- March 9 Early American Involvement March 16 Johnson s War March 23 Nixon s War *March 30 start at 2:00 The Aftermath 1973 on- April 6 Gulf of Tonkin, The Tet Offensive, My Lai- April 13 Antiwar movement and the grunts - April 20 What are the lessons- April 27
8 Two rice bowls at opposite ends of a pole
9 Populations and Geography circa 1960 North- 16 million. Hanoi -600,000. Red River delta South- 14 million. Saigon-1.6 million. Mekong delta Central highlands separates. Thinly populated. Narrow waist at the 17 th parallel. Primarily agrarian farming. Rice and rubber
10 Early History Viet kingdoms frequently divided between north and south. Ancient India settled the south called Champa with the north primarily settled and invaded by China. Most of Vietnam under control of China for almost two centuries. Early experience with guerilla warfare. Overthrow of Chinese domination in 1418
11 The Early French Involvement 1612 French Catholic missionaries Assist Gia Long in uniting Vietnam with capital in Hue in mid 19C. French establish control primarily in south.
12 French control Indochina ( Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) Primarily Buddhist and Confusian. Viet mandarins educated by French converted to Catholicism. French control exports rice, rubber and opium.
13 Ho Chi Minh ( He who enlightens) Left Vietnam at 21. Lived abroad for 30 years. ( US, France, China, Russia) Letter to Woodrow Wilson. Nationalist, anti-colonialist and communist. Wrote and recruited abroad. Returned in 1941 to fight Japanese. Establishes Viet Minh
14 World War II Japan invades in Seeks rice, rubber and bases to move south into British and Dutch colonies. Vichy colonial government administrates. Viet Minh works with OSS to rescue American flyers. Assumes Americans will support self-determination post war.
15 Democratic Republic of Vietnam All men are created equal and are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Ho Chi Minh September 2, 1945 Vietnam establishes independence following armistice. Emperor Bao Dai abdicates authority to Ho.
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17 Post War Negotiations U.S.-Need to stabilize and support France. Truman promises DeGaulle return of Indochina colonies. Potsdam- China administrate the North. Britain the South. Brits and Chinese turn over administration to French. DeGaulle trades Chinese ports for control of North. Ho agrees that DRV an independent state in the French Union. The worst mistake of my life DRV strength in the North. French in the South. Conflict and guerilla war follows.
18 Fear of Spreading Communism- The Cold War 6/1948- Berlin blockade. 8/1949- Soviets atomic bomb. 10/1949- Mao proclaims the PRC 2/1950- McCarthy campaign 6/1950- Korean War
19 State of Vietnam SOV US pressures France to create a independent stare of Vietnam. Bao Dai decendant of Gia Long the ancient ruler. The Bao Dai Solution - Puppet government under French control The US recognizes the SOV.
20 Truman Doctrine Response to Greek insurgency. US would support free peoples who resist subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. Cited as justification of US assistance to anti-communists in Indochina. Viet Minh guerilla activity in North and South
21 French War US pays 80% of war costs. Viet Minh turn the tide. Dienbienphu surrounded by Giap. US decides not to intervene because Britain would not support. 5/7/54 French surrender casualties.
22 Dienbienphu- A Humiliating Defeat
23
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